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Java-based LeetCode algorithm problem solutions, regularly updated

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91\. Decode Ways

Medium

A message containing letters from `A-Z` can be **encoded** into numbers using the following mapping:

'A' -> "1" 'B' -> "2" ... 'Z' -> "26" 

To **decode** an encoded message, all the digits must be grouped then mapped back into letters using the reverse of the mapping above (there may be multiple ways). For example, `"11106"` can be mapped into:

*   `"AAJF"` with the grouping `(1 1 10 6)`
*   `"KJF"` with the grouping `(11 10 6)`

Note that the grouping `(1 11 06)` is invalid because `"06"` cannot be mapped into `'F'` since `"6"` is different from `"06"`.

Given a string `s` containing only digits, return _the **number** of ways to **decode** it_.

The answer is guaranteed to fit in a **32-bit** integer.

**Example 1:**

**Input:** s = "12"

**Output:** 2

**Explanation:** "12" could be decoded as "AB" (1 2) or "L" (12). 

**Example 2:**

**Input:** s = "226"

**Output:** 3

**Explanation:** "226" could be decoded as "BZ" (2 26), "VF" (22 6), or "BBF" (2 2 6). 

**Example 3:**

**Input:** s = "0"

**Output:** 0

**Explanation:** There is no character that is mapped to a number starting with 0. The only valid mappings with 0 are 'J' -> "10" and 'T' -> "20", neither of which start with 0. Hence, there are no valid ways to decode this since all digits need to be mapped. 

**Example 4:**

**Input:** s = "06"

**Output:** 0

**Explanation:** "06" cannot be mapped to "F" because of the leading zero ("6" is different from "06"). 

**Constraints:**

*   `1 <= s.length <= 100`
*   `s` contains only digits and may contain leading zero(s).