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/**
* Oshi (https://github.com/oshi/oshi)
*
* Copyright (c) 2010 - 2018 The Oshi Project Team
*
* All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
* are made available under the terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0
* which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
* http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
*
* Maintainers:
* dblock[at]dblock[dot]org
* widdis[at]gmail[dot]com
* enrico.bianchi[at]gmail[dot]com
*
* Contributors:
* https://github.com/oshi/oshi/graphs/contributors
*/
package oshi.software.os.linux;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileFilter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.sun.jna.Memory;
import com.sun.jna.Native;
import com.sun.jna.Pointer;
import oshi.jna.platform.linux.Libc;
import oshi.jna.platform.linux.Libc.Sysinfo;
import oshi.software.common.AbstractOperatingSystem;
import oshi.software.os.FileSystem;
import oshi.software.os.NetworkParams;
import oshi.software.os.OSProcess;
import oshi.software.os.OSUser;
import oshi.util.ExecutingCommand;
import oshi.util.FileUtil;
import oshi.util.MapUtil;
import oshi.util.ParseUtil;
import oshi.util.platform.linux.ProcUtil;
/**
* Linux is a family of free operating systems most commonly used on personal
* computers.
*
* @author widdis[at]gmail[dot]com
*/
public class LinuxOperatingSystem extends AbstractOperatingSystem {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LinuxOperatingSystem.class);
// Populated with results of reading /etc/os-release or other files
protected String versionId;
protected String codeName;
// Resident Set Size is given as number of pages the process has in real
// memory.
// To get the actual size in bytes we need to multiply that with page size.
private final int memoryPageSize;
// Jiffies per second, used for process time counters.
private static long hz = 1000L;
// Boot time in MS
private static long bootTime = 0L;
// Order the field is in /proc/pid/stat
enum ProcPidStat {
// The parsing implementation in ParseUtil requires these to be declared
// in increasing order
PPID(4), USER_TIME(14), KERNEL_TIME(15), PRIORITY(18), THREAD_COUNT(20), START_TIME(22), VSZ(23), RSS(24);
private int order;
public int getOrder() {
return this.order;
}
ProcPidStat(int order) {
this.order = order;
}
}
// Get a list of orders to pass to ParseUtil
private static final int[] PROC_PID_STAT_ORDERS = new int[ProcPidStat.values().length];
static {
for (ProcPidStat stat : ProcPidStat.values()) {
PROC_PID_STAT_ORDERS[stat.ordinal()] = stat.getOrder();
}
}
// There are 52 elements in /proc/pid/stat output. To make the orders behave
// like 0-indexed array indices, which the parsing method assumes, length is
// one bigger. The method will return when all of the enum indices have been
// iterated.
private static final int PROC_PID_STAT_LENGTH = 53;
private transient LinuxUserGroupInfo userGroupInfo = new LinuxUserGroupInfo();
static {
init();
}
public LinuxOperatingSystem() {
this.manufacturer = "GNU/Linux";
setFamilyFromReleaseFiles();
// The above call may also populate versionId and codeName
// to pass to version constructor
this.version = new LinuxOSVersionInfoEx(this.versionId, this.codeName);
this.memoryPageSize = getMemoryPageSize();
init();
initBitness();
}
/**
* Correlate the youngest process start time in seconds with start time in
* jiffies
*/
private static void init() {
// To correlate a process start time in seconds with the same process
// start time in jiffies. We prefer the youngest (or close to it) which
// minimizes its up time (etime)
// Timeline:
// BOOT|<----jiffies---->|<----etime---->|NOW
// BOOT|<------------uptime------------->|NOW
// To avoid having to check all processes we can just pick the highest
// PID. This will either be the youngest one or at least big enough.
// Get all the pid files (guaranteed to be digit-only filenames)
File[] pids = ProcUtil.getPidFiles();
// Sort descending "numerically"
Arrays.sort(pids, new Comparator() {
@Override
public int compare(File f1, File f2) {
return Integer.valueOf(f2.getName()).compareTo(Integer.valueOf(f1.getName()));
}
});
// Iterate /proc/[pid]/stat checking the creation time (field 22,
// jiffies since boot). Since we're working on descending PIDs, we
// expect the first (higher PIDs) to be younger, but may have processes
// that ended since we collected the files. The first time we get a
// value we'll save it as the youngest and quit.
long youngestJiffies = 0L;
String youngestPid = "";
for (File pid : pids) {
List stat = FileUtil.readFile(String.format("/proc/%s/stat", pid.getName()), false);
if (!stat.isEmpty()) {
String[] split = ParseUtil.whitespaces.split(stat.get(0));
if (split.length >= 22) {
youngestJiffies = ParseUtil.parseLongOrDefault(split[21], 0L);
youngestPid = pid.getName();
break;
}
}
}
LOG.debug("Youngest PID is {} with {} jiffies", youngestPid, youngestJiffies);
// Shouldn't happen but avoiding Division by zero
if (youngestJiffies == 0) {
LOG.error("Couldn't find any running processes, which is odd since we are in a running process. "
+ "Process time values are in jiffies, not milliseconds.");
return;
}
float startTimeSecsSinceBoot = ProcUtil.getSystemUptimeFromProc();
bootTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - (long) (1000 * startTimeSecsSinceBoot);
// This takes advantage of the fact that ps does all the heavy lifting
// of sorting out HZ internally.
String etime = ExecutingCommand.getFirstAnswer(String.format("ps -p %s -o etimes=", youngestPid));
// Since we picked the youngest process, it's safe to assume an
// etime close to 0 in case this command fails; the longer the system
// has been up, the less impact this assumption will have
if (!etime.isEmpty()) {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Etime is {} seconds", etime.trim());
}
startTimeSecsSinceBoot -= Float.parseFloat(etime.trim());
}
// By subtracting etime (secs) from uptime (secs) we get uptime (in
// secs) when the process was started. This correlates with startTime in
// jiffies for this process
LOG.debug("Start time in secs: {}", startTimeSecsSinceBoot);
if (startTimeSecsSinceBoot <= 0) {
LOG.warn("Couldn't calculate jiffies per second. "
+ "Process time values are in jiffies, not milliseconds.");
return;
}
// divide jiffies (since boot) by seconds (since boot)
hz = (long) (youngestJiffies / startTimeSecsSinceBoot + 0.5f);
// reset to default if value is invalid
if (hz == 0)
hz = 1000L;
}
private void initBitness() {
if (this.bitness < 64 && ExecutingCommand.getFirstAnswer("uname -m").indexOf("64") != -1) {
this.bitness = 64;
}
}
private static int getMemoryPageSize() {
try {
return Libc.INSTANCE.getpagesize();
} catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError | NoClassDefFoundError e) {
LOG.error("Failed to get the memory page size.", e);
}
// default to 4K if the above call fails
return 4096;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public FileSystem getFileSystem() {
return new LinuxFileSystem();
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public OSProcess[] getProcesses(int limit, ProcessSort sort) {
List procs = new ArrayList<>();
File[] pids = ProcUtil.getPidFiles();
// now for each file (with digit name) get process info
for (File pid : pids) {
OSProcess proc = getProcess(ParseUtil.parseIntOrDefault(pid.getName(), 0));
if (proc != null) {
procs.add(proc);
}
}
List sorted = processSort(procs, limit, sort);
return sorted.toArray(new OSProcess[sorted.size()]);
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public OSProcess getProcess(int pid) {
String path = "";
Pointer buf = new Memory(1024);
int size = Libc.INSTANCE.readlink(String.format("/proc/%d/exe", pid), buf, 1023);
if (size > 0) {
path = buf.getString(0).substring(0, size);
}
Map io = FileUtil.getKeyValueMapFromFile(String.format("/proc/%d/io", pid), ":");
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
// See man proc for how to parse /proc/[pid]/stat
String stat = FileUtil.getStringFromFile(String.format("/proc/%d/stat", pid));
// A race condition may leave us with an empty string
if (stat.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
OSProcess proc = new OSProcess();
// We can get name and status more easily from /proc/pid/status which we
// call later, so just get the numeric bits here
proc.setProcessID(pid);
long[] statArray = ParseUtil.parseStringToLongArray(stat, PROC_PID_STAT_ORDERS, PROC_PID_STAT_LENGTH, ' ');
proc.setParentProcessID((int) statArray[ProcPidStat.PPID.ordinal()]);
proc.setThreadCount((int) statArray[ProcPidStat.THREAD_COUNT.ordinal()]);
proc.setPriority((int) statArray[ProcPidStat.PRIORITY.ordinal()]);
proc.setVirtualSize(statArray[ProcPidStat.VSZ.ordinal()]);
proc.setResidentSetSize(statArray[ProcPidStat.RSS.ordinal()] * this.memoryPageSize);
proc.setKernelTime(statArray[ProcPidStat.KERNEL_TIME.ordinal()] * 1000L / hz);
proc.setUserTime(statArray[ProcPidStat.USER_TIME.ordinal()] * 1000L / hz);
proc.setStartTime(bootTime + statArray[ProcPidStat.START_TIME.ordinal()] * 1000L / hz);
proc.setUpTime(now - proc.getStartTime());
// See man proc for how to parse /proc/[pid]/io
proc.setBytesRead(ParseUtil.parseLongOrDefault(MapUtil.getOrDefault(io, "read_bytes", ""), 0L));
proc.setBytesWritten(ParseUtil.parseLongOrDefault(MapUtil.getOrDefault(io, "write_bytes", ""), 0L));
// gets the open files count
List openFilesList = ExecutingCommand.runNative(String.format("ls -f /proc/%d/fd", pid));
proc.setOpenFiles(openFilesList.size() - 1L);
Map status = FileUtil.getKeyValueMapFromFile(String.format("/proc/%d/status", pid), ":");
proc.setName(MapUtil.getOrDefault(status, "Name", ""));
proc.setPath(path);
switch (MapUtil.getOrDefault(status, "State", "U").charAt(0)) {
case 'R':
proc.setState(OSProcess.State.RUNNING);
break;
case 'S':
proc.setState(OSProcess.State.SLEEPING);
break;
case 'D':
proc.setState(OSProcess.State.WAITING);
break;
case 'Z':
proc.setState(OSProcess.State.ZOMBIE);
break;
case 'T':
proc.setState(OSProcess.State.STOPPED);
break;
default:
proc.setState(OSProcess.State.OTHER);
break;
}
proc.setUserID(ParseUtil.whitespaces.split(MapUtil.getOrDefault(status, "Uid", ""))[0]);
proc.setGroupID(ParseUtil.whitespaces.split(MapUtil.getOrDefault(status, "Gid", ""))[0]);
OSUser user = userGroupInfo.getUser(proc.getUserID());
if (user != null) {
proc.setUser(user.getUserName());
}
proc.setGroup(userGroupInfo.getGroupName(proc.getGroupID()));
// THe /proc/pid/cmdline value is null-delimited
proc.setCommandLine(FileUtil.getStringFromFile(String.format("/proc/%d/cmdline", pid)));
try {
String cwdLink = String.format("/proc/%d/cwd", pid);
String cwd = new File(cwdLink).getCanonicalPath();
if (!cwd.equals(cwdLink)) {
proc.setCurrentWorkingDirectory(cwd);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.trace("Couldn't find cwd for pid {}: {}", pid, e);
}
return proc;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public OSProcess[] getChildProcesses(int parentPid, int limit, ProcessSort sort) {
List procs = new ArrayList<>();
File[] procFiles = ProcUtil.getPidFiles();
// now for each file (with digit name) get process info
for (File procFile : procFiles) {
int pid = ParseUtil.parseIntOrDefault(procFile.getName(), 0);
if (parentPid == getParentPidFromProcFile(pid)) {
OSProcess proc = getProcess(pid);
if (proc != null) {
procs.add(proc);
}
}
}
List sorted = processSort(procs, limit, sort);
return sorted.toArray(new OSProcess[sorted.size()]);
}
private static int getParentPidFromProcFile(int pid) {
String stat = FileUtil.getStringFromFile(String.format("/proc/%d/stat", pid));
long[] statArray = ParseUtil.parseStringToLongArray(stat, PROC_PID_STAT_ORDERS, PROC_PID_STAT_LENGTH, ' ');
return (int) statArray[ProcPidStat.PPID.ordinal()];
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public int getProcessId() {
return Libc.INSTANCE.getpid();
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public int getProcessCount() {
return ProcUtil.getPidFiles().length;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public int getThreadCount() {
try {
Sysinfo info = new Sysinfo();
if (0 != Libc.INSTANCE.sysinfo(info)) {
LOG.error("Failed to get process thread count. Error code: {}", Native.getLastError());
return 0;
}
return info.procs;
} catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError | NoClassDefFoundError e) {
LOG.error("Failed to get procs from sysinfo. {}", e);
}
return 0;
}
/**
* {@inheritDoc}
*/
@Override
public NetworkParams getNetworkParams() {
return new LinuxNetworkParams();
}
private void setFamilyFromReleaseFiles() {
if (this.family == null) {
// There are two competing options for family/version information.
// Newer systems are adopting a standard /etc/os-release file:
// https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/os-release.html
//
// Some systems are still using the lsb standard which parses a
// variety of /etc/*-release files and is most easily accessed via
// the commandline lsb_release -a, see here:
// http://linux.die.net/man/1/lsb_release
// In this case, the /etc/lsb-release file (if it exists) has
// optional overrides to the information in the /etc/distrib-release
// files, which show: "Distributor release x.x (Codename)"
//
// Attempt to read /etc/os-release file.
if (readOsRelease()) {
// If successful, we're done. this.family has been set and
// possibly the versionID and codeName
return;
}
// Attempt to execute the `lsb_release` command
if (execLsbRelease()) {
// If successful, we're done. this.family has been set and
// possibly the versionID and codeName
return;
}
// The above two options should hopefully work on most
// distributions. If not, we keep having fun.
// Attempt to read /etc/lsb-release file
if (readLsbRelease()) {
// If successful, we're done. this.family has been set and
// possibly the versionID and codeName
return;
}
// If we're still looking, we search for any /etc/*-release (or
// similar) filename, for which the first line should be of the
// "Distributor release x.x (Codename)" format or possibly a
// "Distributor VERSION x.x (Codename)" format
String etcDistribRelease = getReleaseFilename();
if (readDistribRelease(etcDistribRelease)) {
// If successful, we're done. this.family has been set and
// possibly the versionID and codeName
return;
}
// If we've gotten this far with no match, use the distrib-release
// filename (defaults will eventually give "Unknown")
this.family = filenameToFamily(etcDistribRelease.replace("/etc/", "").replace("release", "")
.replace("version", "").replace("-", "").replace("_", ""));
}
}
/**
* Attempts to read /etc/os-release
*
* @return true if file successfully read and NAME= found
*/
private boolean readOsRelease() {
if (new File("/etc/os-release").exists()) {
List osRelease = FileUtil.readFile("/etc/os-release");
// Search for NAME=
for (String line : osRelease) {
if (line.startsWith("VERSION=")) {
LOG.debug("os-release: {}", line);
// remove beginning and ending '"' characters, etc from
// VERSION="14.04.4 LTS, Trusty Tahr" (Ubuntu style)
// or VERSION="17 (Beefy Miracle)" (os-release doc style)
line = line.replace("VERSION=", "").replaceAll("^\"|\"$", "").trim();
String[] split = line.split("[()]");
if (split.length <= 1) {
// If no parentheses, check for Ubuntu's comma format
split = line.split(", ");
}
if (split.length > 0) {
this.versionId = split[0].trim();
}
if (split.length > 1) {
this.codeName = split[1].trim();
}
} else if (line.startsWith("NAME=") && this.family == null) {
LOG.debug("os-release: {}", line);
// remove beginning and ending '"' characters, etc from
// NAME="Ubuntu"
this.family = line.replace("NAME=", "").replaceAll("^\"|\"$", "").trim();
} else if (line.startsWith("VERSION_ID=") && this.versionId == null) {
LOG.debug("os-release: {}", line);
// remove beginning and ending '"' characters, etc from
// VERSION_ID="14.04"
this.versionId = line.replace("VERSION_ID=", "").replaceAll("^\"|\"$", "").trim();
}
}
}
return this.family != null;
}
/**
* Attempts to execute `lsb_release -a`
*
* @return true if the command successfully executed and Distributor ID: or
* Description: found
*/
private boolean execLsbRelease() {
// If description is of the format Distrib release x.x (Codename)
// that is primary, otherwise use Distributor ID: which returns the
// distribution concatenated, e.g., RedHat instead of Red Hat
for (String line : ExecutingCommand.runNative("lsb_release -a")) {
if (line.startsWith("Description:")) {
LOG.debug("lsb_release -a: {}", line);
line = line.replace("Description:", "").trim();
if (line.contains(" release ")) {
this.family = parseRelease(line, " release ");
}
} else if (line.startsWith("Distributor ID:") && this.family == null) {
LOG.debug("lsb_release -a: {}", line);
this.family = line.replace("Distributor ID:", "").trim();
} else if (line.startsWith("Release:") && this.versionId == null) {
LOG.debug("lsb_release -a: {}", line);
this.versionId = line.replace("Release:", "").trim();
} else if (line.startsWith("Codename:") && this.codeName == null) {
LOG.debug("lsb_release -a: {}", line);
this.codeName = line.replace("Codename:", "").trim();
}
}
return this.family != null;
}
/**
* Attempts to read /etc/lsb-release
*
* @return true if file successfully read and DISTRIB_ID or
* DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION found
*/
private boolean readLsbRelease() {
if (new File("/etc/lsb-release").exists()) {
List osRelease = FileUtil.readFile("/etc/lsb-release");
// Search for NAME=
for (String line : osRelease) {
if (line.startsWith("DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION=")) {
LOG.debug("lsb-release: {}", line);
line = line.replace("DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION=", "").replaceAll("^\"|\"$", "").trim();
if (line.contains(" release ")) {
this.family = parseRelease(line, " release ");
}
} else if (line.startsWith("DISTRIB_ID=") && this.family == null) {
LOG.debug("lsb-release: {}", line);
this.family = line.replace("DISTRIB_ID=", "").replaceAll("^\"|\"$", "").trim();
} else if (line.startsWith("DISTRIB_RELEASE=") && this.versionId == null) {
LOG.debug("lsb-release: {}", line);
this.versionId = line.replace("DISTRIB_RELEASE=", "").replaceAll("^\"|\"$", "").trim();
} else if (line.startsWith("DISTRIB_CODENAME=") && this.codeName == null) {
LOG.debug("lsb-release: {}", line);
this.codeName = line.replace("DISTRIB_CODENAME=", "").replaceAll("^\"|\"$", "").trim();
}
}
}
return this.family != null;
}
/**
* Attempts to read /etc/distrib-release (for some value of distrib)
*
* @return true if file successfully read and " release " or " VERSION "
* found
*/
private boolean readDistribRelease(String filename) {
if (new File(filename).exists()) {
List osRelease = FileUtil.readFile(filename);
// Search for Distrib release x.x (Codename)
for (String line : osRelease) {
LOG.debug("{}: {}", filename, line);
if (line.contains(" release ")) {
this.family = parseRelease(line, " release ");
// If this parses properly we're done
break;
} else if (line.contains(" VERSION ")) {
this.family = parseRelease(line, " VERSION ");
// If this parses properly we're done
break;
}
}
}
return this.family != null;
}
/**
* Helper method to parse version description line style
*
* @param line
* a String of the form "Distributor release x.x (Codename)"
* @param splitLine
* A regex to split on, e.g. " release "
* @return the parsed family (versionID and codeName may have also been set)
*/
private String parseRelease(String line, String splitLine) {
String[] split = line.split(splitLine);
String family = split[0].trim();
if (split.length > 1) {
split = split[1].split("[()]");
if (split.length > 0) {
this.versionId = split[0].trim();
}
if (split.length > 1) {
this.codeName = split[1].trim();
}
}
return family;
}
/**
* Looks for a collection of possible distrib-release filenames
*
* @return The first valid matching filename
*/
protected static String getReleaseFilename() {
// Look for any /etc/*-release, *-version, and variants
File etc = new File("/etc");
// Find any *_input files in that path
File[] matchingFiles = etc.listFiles(new FileFilter() {
@Override
public boolean accept(File f) {
return (f.getName().endsWith("-release") || f.getName().endsWith("-version")
|| f.getName().endsWith("_release") || f.getName().endsWith("_version"))
&& !(f.getName().endsWith("os-release") || f.getName().endsWith("lsb-release"));
}
});
if (matchingFiles != null && matchingFiles.length > 0) {
return matchingFiles[0].getPath();
}
if (new File("/etc/release").exists()) {
return "/etc/release";
}
// If all else fails, try this
return "/etc/issue";
}
/**
* Converts a portion of a filename (e.g. the 'redhat' in
* /etc/redhat-release) to a mixed case string representing the family
* (e.g., Red Hat)
*
* @param name
* Stripped version of filename after removing /etc and -release
* @return Mixed case family
*/
private static String filenameToFamily(String name) {
switch (name.toLowerCase()) {
// Handle known special cases
case "":
return "Solaris";
case "blackcat":
return "Black Cat";
case "bluewhite64":
return "BlueWhite64";
case "e-smith":
return "SME Server";
case "eos":
return "FreeEOS";
case "hlfs":
return "HLFS";
case "lfs":
return "Linux-From-Scratch";
case "linuxppc":
return "Linux-PPC";
case "meego":
return "MeeGo";
case "mandakelinux":
return "Mandrake";
case "mklinux":
return "MkLinux";
case "nld":
return "Novell Linux Desktop";
case "novell":
case "SuSE":
return "SUSE Linux";
case "pld":
return "PLD";
case "redhat":
return "Red Hat Linux";
case "sles":
return "SUSE Linux ES9";
case "sun":
return "Sun JDS";
case "synoinfo":
return "Synology";
case "tinysofa":
return "Tiny Sofa";
case "turbolinux":
return "TurboLinux";
case "ultrapenguin":
return "UltraPenguin";
case "va":
return "VA-Linux";
case "vmware":
return "VMWareESX";
case "yellowdog":
return "Yellow Dog";
// /etc/issue will end up here:
case "issue":
return "Unknown";
// If not a special case just capitalize first letter
default:
return name.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + name.substring(1);
}
}
/**
* gets the calculated Jiffies per second, useful for converting ticks to
* milliseconds and vice versa
*
* @return Jiffies per second
*/
public static long getHz() {
return hz;
}
}
