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package panda.lang;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* Operations on {@link java.lang.String} that are
* {@code null} safe.
*
*
* - IsEmpty/IsBlank
* - checks if a String contains text
* - Trim/Strip
* - removes leading and trailing whitespace
* - Equals
* - compares two strings null-safe
* - startsWith
* - check if a String starts with a prefix null-safe
* - endsWith
* - check if a String ends with a suffix null-safe
* - IndexOf/LastIndexOf/Contains
* - null-safe index-of checks
*
- IndexOfAny/LastIndexOfAny/IndexOfAnyBut/LastIndexOfAnyBut
* - index-of any of a set of Strings
* - ContainsOnly/ContainsNone/ContainsAny
* - does String contains only/none/any of these characters
* - Substring/Left/Right/Mid
* - null-safe substring extractions
* - SubstringBefore/SubstringAfter/SubstringBetween
* - substring extraction relative to other strings
* - Split/Join
* - splits a String into an array of substrings and vice versa
* - Remove/Delete
* - removes part of a String
* - Replace/Overlay
* - Searches a String and replaces one String with another
* - Chomp/Chop
* - removes the last part of a String
* - AppendIfMissing
* - appends a suffix to the end of the String if not present
* - PrependIfMissing
* - prepends a prefix to the start of the String if not present
* - LeftPad/RightPad/Center/Repeat
* - pads a String
* - UpperCase/LowerCase/SwapCase/Capitalize/Uncapitalize
* - changes the case of a String
* - CountMatches
* - counts the number of occurrences of one String in another
* - IsAlpha/IsNumeric/IsWhitespace/IsAsciiPrintable
* - checks the characters in a String
* - DefaultString
* - protects against a null input String
* - Reverse/ReverseDelimited
* - reverses a String
* - Abbreviate
* - abbreviates a string using ellipsis
* - Difference
* - compares Strings and reports on their differences
* - LevenshteinDistance
* - the number of changes needed to change one String into another
*
*
* The {@code Strings} class defines certain words related to
* String handling.
*
*
* - null - {@code null}
* - empty - a zero-length string ({@code ""})
* - space - the space character ({@code ' '}, char 32)
* - whitespace - the characters defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}
* - trim - the characters <= 32 as in {@link String#trim()}
*
*
* {@code Strings} handles {@code null} input Strings quietly.
* That is to say that a {@code null} input will return {@code null}.
* Where a {@code boolean} or {@code int} is being returned
* details vary by method.
*
* A side effect of the {@code null} handling is that a
* {@code NullPointerException} should be considered a bug in
* {@code Strings}.
*
* Methods in this class give sample code to explain their operation.
* The symbol {@code *} is used to indicate any input including {@code null}.
*
* #ThreadSafe#
* @see java.lang.String
*
*/
public class Strings {
/**
* The empty String {@code ""}.
*/
public static final String EMPTY = "";
/**
* A String for a space character.
*/
public static final String SPACE = " ";
/**
* A String for a CR character.
*/
public static final String CR = "\r";
/**
* A String for a LF character.
*/
public static final String LF = "\n";
/**
* A String for a CRLF character.
*/
public static final String CRLF = "\r\n";
/**
* A String for digits "0123456789"
*/
public static final String DIGITS = "0123456789";
/**
* A String for lower letters "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
*/
public static final String LOWER_LETTERS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
/**
* A String for upper letters "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
*/
public static final String UPPER_LETTERS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
/**
* A String for symbols "!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~"
*/
public static final String SYMBOLS = "!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~";
/**
* A String for digits and letters
*/
public static final String DIGIT_LETTERS = DIGITS + LOWER_LETTERS + UPPER_LETTERS;
/**
* A String for symbols and digits "!\"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~0123456789"
*/
public static final String SYMBOL_DIGITS = SYMBOLS + DIGITS;
/**
* A String for symbols, digits and letters
*/
public static final String SYMBOL_DIGIT_LETTERS = SYMBOLS + DIGIT_LETTERS;
/**
* Represents a failed index search.
*/
public static final int INDEX_NOT_FOUND = -1;
/**
*
* The maximum size to which the padding constant(s) can expand.
*
*/
private static final int PAD_LIMIT = 8192;
/**
* A regex pattern for recognizing blocks of whitespace characters.
* The apparent convolutedness of the pattern serves the purpose of
* ignoring "blocks" consisting of only a single space: the pattern
* is used only to normalize whitespace, condensing "blocks" down to a
* single space, thus matching the same would likely cause a great
* many noop replacements.
*/
private static final Pattern WHITESPACE_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(?: \\s|[\\s&&[^ ]])\\s*");
/**
* EMPTY_ARRAY = new String[0];
*/
public static final String[] EMPTY_ARRAY = new String[0];
// Empty checks
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Checks if a CharSequence is empty ("") or null.
*
*
*
* Strings.isEmpty(null) = true
* Strings.isEmpty("") = true
* Strings.isEmpty(" ") = false
* Strings.isEmpty("bob") = false
* Strings.isEmpty(" bob ") = false
*
*
* NOTE: This method changed in Lang version 2.0. It no longer trims the CharSequence. That
* functionality is available in isBlank().
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is empty or null
*/
public static boolean isEmpty(final CharSequence cs) {
return cs == null || cs.length() == 0;
}
/**
*
* Checks if a CharSequence is not empty ("") and not null.
*
*
*
* Strings.isNotEmpty(null) = false
* Strings.isNotEmpty("") = false
* Strings.isNotEmpty(" ") = true
* Strings.isNotEmpty("bob") = true
* Strings.isNotEmpty(" bob ") = true
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is not empty and not null
*/
public static boolean isNotEmpty(final CharSequence cs) {
return !Strings.isEmpty(cs);
}
/**
*
* Checks if a CharSequence is whitespace, empty ("") or null.
*
*
*
* Strings.isBlank(null) = true
* Strings.isBlank("") = true
* Strings.isBlank(" ") = true
* Strings.isBlank("bob") = false
* Strings.isBlank(" bob ") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is null, empty or whitespace
*/
public static boolean isBlank(final CharSequence cs) {
int strLen;
if (cs == null || (strLen = cs.length()) == 0) {
return true;
}
for (int i = 0; i < strLen; i++) {
if (Chars.isSpace(cs.charAt(i)) == false) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks if a CharSequence is not empty (""), not null and not whitespace only.
*
*
*
* Strings.isNotBlank(null) = false
* Strings.isNotBlank("") = false
* Strings.isNotBlank(" ") = false
* Strings.isNotBlank("bob") = true
* Strings.isNotBlank(" bob ") = true
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is not empty and not null and not whitespace
*/
public static boolean isNotBlank(final CharSequence cs) {
return !Strings.isBlank(cs);
}
// Trim
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Removes control characters (char <= 32) from both ends of this String, handling
* {@code null} by returning {@code null}.
*
*
* The String is trimmed using {@link String#trim()}. Trim removes start and end characters
* <= 32. To strip whitespace use {@link #strip(CharSequence)}.
*
*
* To trim your choice of characters, use the {@link #strip(CharSequence, String)} methods.
*
*
*
* Strings.trim(null) = null
* Strings.trim("") = ""
* Strings.trim(" ") = ""
* Strings.trim("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.trim(" abc ") = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to be trimmed, may be null
* @return the trimmed string, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String trim(final CharSequence str) {
return str == null ? null : str.toString().trim();
}
/**
*
* Removes control characters (char <= 32) from both ends of this String returning
* {@code null} if the String is empty ("") after the trim or if it is {@code null}.
*
* The String is trimmed using {@link String#trim()}. Trim removes start and end characters
* <= 32. To strip whitespace use {@link #stripToNull(CharSequence)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.trimToNull(null) = null
* Strings.trimToNull("") = null
* Strings.trimToNull(" ") = null
* Strings.trimToNull("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.trimToNull(" abc ") = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to be trimmed, may be null
* @return the trimmed String, {@code null} if only chars <= 32, empty or null String input
*/
public static String trimToNull(final CharSequence str) {
final String ts = trim(str);
return isEmpty(ts) ? null : ts;
}
/**
* @param str the string to trim
* @return upperCase(trimToNull(str));
*/
public static String trimToUpperNull(final String str) {
return upperCase(trimToNull(str));
}
/**
* @param str the string to trim
* @return lowerrCase(trimToNull(str));
*/
public static String trimToLowerNull(final String str) {
return lowerCase(trimToNull(str));
}
/**
*
* Removes control characters (char <= 32) from both ends of this String returning an empty
* String ("") if the String is empty ("") after the trim or if it is {@code null}.
*
* The String is trimmed using {@link String#trim()}. Trim removes start and end characters
* <= 32. To strip whitespace use {@link #stripToEmpty(CharSequence)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.trimToEmpty(null) = ""
* Strings.trimToEmpty("") = ""
* Strings.trimToEmpty(" ") = ""
* Strings.trimToEmpty("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.trimToEmpty(" abc ") = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to be trimmed, may be null
* @return the trimmed String, or an empty String if {@code null} input
*/
public static String trimToEmpty(final CharSequence str) {
return str == null ? EMPTY : str.toString().trim();
}
/**
* @param str the string to trim
* @return upperCase(trimToEmpty(str));
*/
public static String trimToUpperEmpty(final CharSequence str) {
return upperCase(trimToEmpty(str));
}
/**
* @param str the string to trim
* @return lowerrCase(trimToEmpty(str));
*/
public static String trimToLowerEmpty(final CharSequence str) {
return lowerCase(trimToEmpty(str));
}
// Stripping
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Strips whitespace from the start and end of a String.
*
*
* This is similar to {@link #trim(CharSequence)} but removes whitespace. Whitespace is defined by
* {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.strip(null) = null
* Strings.strip("") = ""
* Strings.strip(" ") = ""
* Strings.strip("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.strip(" abc") = "abc"
* Strings.strip("abc ") = "abc"
* Strings.strip(" abc ") = "abc"
* Strings.strip(" ab c ") = "ab c"
*
*
* @param str the String to remove whitespace from, may be null
* @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String strip(final CharSequence str) {
return strip(str, null);
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @return upperCase(strip(str));
*/
public static String stripToUpper(final String str) {
return stripToUpper(str, null);
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @return lowerrCase(strip(str));
*/
public static String stripToLower(final String str) {
return stripToLower(str, null);
}
/**
*
* Strips whitespace from the start and end of a String returning {@code null} if the String is
* empty ("") after the strip.
*
*
* This is similar to {@link #trimToNull(CharSequence)} but removes whitespace. Whitespace is defined
* by {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripToNull(null) = null
* Strings.stripToNull("") = null
* Strings.stripToNull(" ") = null
* Strings.stripToNull("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToNull(" abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToNull("abc ") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToNull(" abc ") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToNull(" ab c ") = "ab c"
*
*
* @param str the String to be stripped, may be null
* @return the stripped String, {@code null} if whitespace, empty or null String input
*/
public static String stripToNull(CharSequence str) {
return stripToNull(str, null);
}
/**
*
* Strips whitespace from the start and end of a String returning {@code null} if the String is
* empty ("") after the strip.
*
*
* This is similar to {@link #trimToNull(CharSequence)} but removes whitespace. Whitespace is defined
* by {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripToNull(null) = null
* Strings.stripToNull("") = null
* Strings.stripToNull(" ") = null
* Strings.stripToNull("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToNull(" abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToNull("abc ") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToNull(" abc ") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToNull(" ab c ") = "ab c"
*
*
* @param str the String to be stripped, may be null
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return the stripped String, {@code null} if whitespace, empty or null String input
*/
public static String stripToNull(CharSequence str, String stripChars) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
String s = strip(str, stripChars);
return (s == null || s.length() == 0) ? null : s;
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @return upperCase(stripToNull(str));
*/
public static String stripToUpperNull(final String str) {
return stripToUpperNull(str, null);
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @return lowerrCase(stripToNull(str));
*/
public static String stripToLowerNull(final String str) {
return stripToLowerNull(str, null);
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return upperCase(stripToNull(str));
*/
public static String stripToUpperNull(final String str, final String stripChars) {
return upperCase(stripToNull(str, stripChars));
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return lowerrCase(stripToNull(str));
*/
public static String stripToLowerNull(final String str, final String stripChars) {
return lowerCase(stripToNull(str, stripChars));
}
/**
*
* Strips whitespace from the start and end of a String returning an empty String if
* {@code null} input.
*
*
* This is similar to {@link #trimToEmpty(CharSequence)} but removes whitespace. Whitespace is defined
* by {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripToEmpty(null) = ""
* Strings.stripToEmpty("") = ""
* Strings.stripToEmpty(" ") = ""
* Strings.stripToEmpty("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToEmpty(" abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToEmpty("abc ") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToEmpty(" abc ") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToEmpty(" ab c ") = "ab c"
*
*
* @param str the String to be stripped, may be null
* @return the trimmed String, or an empty String if {@code null} input
*/
public static String stripToEmpty(final CharSequence str) {
return stripToEmpty(str, null);
}
/**
*
* Strips whitespace from the start and end of a String returning an empty String if
* {@code null} input.
*
*
* This is similar to {@link #trimToEmpty(CharSequence)} but removes whitespace. Whitespace is defined
* by {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripToEmpty(null) = ""
* Strings.stripToEmpty("") = ""
* Strings.stripToEmpty(" ") = ""
* Strings.stripToEmpty("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToEmpty(" abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToEmpty("abc ") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToEmpty(" abc ") = "abc"
* Strings.stripToEmpty(" ab c ") = "ab c"
*
*
* @param str the String to be stripped, may be null
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return the trimmed String, or an empty String if {@code null} input
*/
public static String stripToEmpty(final CharSequence str, String stripChars) {
return str == null ? EMPTY : strip(str, stripChars);
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @return upperCase(stripToEmpty(str));
*/
public static String stripToUpperEmpty(final String str) {
return stripToUpperEmpty(str, null);
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @return lowerCase(stripToEmpty(str));
*/
public static String stripToLowerEmpty(final String str) {
return stripToLowerEmpty(str, null);
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return upperCase(stripToEmpty(str));
*/
public static String stripToUpperEmpty(final String str, final String stripChars) {
return upperCase(stripToEmpty(str, stripChars));
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return lowerrCase(stripToEmpty(str));
*/
public static String stripToLowerEmpty(final String str, final String stripChars) {
return lowerCase(stripToEmpty(str,stripChars));
}
/**
*
* Strips any of a set of characters from the start and end of a String. This is similar to
* {@link String#trim()} but allows the characters to be stripped to be controlled.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. An empty string ("") input returns the
* empty string.
*
*
* If the stripChars String is {@code null}, whitespace is stripped as defined by
* {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}. Alternatively use {@link #strip(CharSequence)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.strip(null, *) = null
* Strings.strip("", *) = ""
* Strings.strip("abc", null) = "abc"
* Strings.strip(" abc", null) = "abc"
* Strings.strip("abc ", null) = "abc"
* Strings.strip(" abc ", null) = "abc"
* Strings.strip(" abcyx", "xyz") = " abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to remove characters from, may be null
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String strip(CharSequence str, final String stripChars) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
if (str.length() == 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
str = stripStart(str, stripChars);
return stripEnd(str, stripChars);
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return upperCase(strip(str, stripChars));
*/
public static String stripToUpper(final String str, final String stripChars) {
return upperCase(strip(str, stripChars));
}
/**
* @param str the string to strip
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return lowerrCase(strip(str, stripChars));
*/
public static String stripToLower(final String str, final String stripChars) {
return lowerCase(strip(str, stripChars));
}
/**
*
* Strips whitespace from the start of a String.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. An empty string ("") input returns the
* empty string.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripStart(null) = null
* Strings.stripStart("") = ""
* Strings.stripStart("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripStart("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripStart(" abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripStart("abc ") = "abc "
* Strings.stripStart(" abc ") = "abc "
*
*
* @param str the String to remove characters from, may be null
* @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String stripStart(final CharSequence str) {
return stripStart(str, null);
}
/**
*
* Strips specified character from the start of a String.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. An empty string ("") input returns the
* empty string.
*
*
* If the strip char is {@code 0}, whitespace is stripped as defined by
* {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripStart(null, *) = null
* Strings.stripStart("", *) = ""
* Strings.stripStart("abc", 0) = "abc"
* Strings.stripStart(" abc", 0) = "abc"
* Strings.stripStart("abc ", 0) = "abc "
* Strings.stripStart(" abc ", 0) = "abc "
* Strings.stripStart("yxabc ", 'y') = "xabc "
*
*
* @param str the String to remove characters from, may be null
* @param chr the character to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String stripStart(final CharSequence str, final char chr) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
int strLen = str.length();
if (strLen == 0) {
return str.toString();
}
int start = 0;
if (chr == 0) {
while (start != strLen && Chars.isSpace(str.charAt(start))) {
start++;
}
}
else {
while (start != strLen && chr == str.charAt(start)) {
start++;
}
}
return str.subSequence(start, str.length()).toString();
}
/**
*
* Strips any of a set of characters from the start of a String.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. An empty string ("") input returns the
* empty string.
*
*
* If the stripChars String is {@code null}, whitespace is stripped as defined by
* {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripStart(null, *) = null
* Strings.stripStart("", *) = ""
* Strings.stripStart("abc", "") = "abc"
* Strings.stripStart("abc", null) = "abc"
* Strings.stripStart(" abc", null) = "abc"
* Strings.stripStart("abc ", null) = "abc "
* Strings.stripStart(" abc ", null) = "abc "
* Strings.stripStart("yxabc ", "xyz") = "abc "
*
*
* @param str the String to remove characters from, may be null
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String stripStart(final CharSequence str, final String stripChars) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
int strLen = str.length();
if (strLen == 0) {
return str.toString();
}
int start = 0;
if (stripChars == null) {
while (start != strLen && Chars.isSpace(str.charAt(start))) {
start++;
}
}
else if (stripChars.length() == 0) {
return str.toString();
}
else {
while (start != strLen && stripChars.indexOf(str.charAt(start)) != INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
start++;
}
}
return str.subSequence(start, str.length()).toString();
}
/**
*
* Strips whitespace from the end of a String.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. An empty string ("") input returns the
* empty string.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripEnd(null) = null
* Strings.stripEnd("") = ""
* Strings.stripEnd("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripEnd("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.stripEnd(" abc") = " abc"
* Strings.stripEnd("abc ") = "abc"
* Strings.stripEnd(" abc ") = " abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to remove characters from, may be null
* @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String stripEnd(final CharSequence str) {
return stripEnd(str, null);
}
/**
*
* Strips specified character from the end of a String.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. An empty string ("") input returns the
* empty string.
*
*
* If the strip char is {@code 0}, whitespace is stripped as defined by
* {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripEnd(null, *) = null
* Strings.stripEnd("", *) = ""
* Strings.stripEnd("abc", 0) = "abc"
* Strings.stripEnd(" abc", 0) = " abc"
* Strings.stripEnd("abc ", 0) = "abc"
* Strings.stripEnd(" abc ", 0) = " abc"
* Strings.stripEnd(" abcyx", 'x') = " abcy"
*
*
* @param str the String to remove characters from, may be null
* @param chr the character to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String stripEnd(final CharSequence str, final char chr) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
int end = str.length();
if (end == 0) {
return str.toString();
}
if (chr == 0) {
while (end != 0 && Chars.isSpace(str.charAt(end - 1))) {
end--;
}
}
else {
while (end != 0 && chr == str.charAt(end - 1)) {
end--;
}
}
return str.subSequence(0, end).toString();
}
/**
*
* Strips any of a set of characters from the end of a String.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. An empty string ("") input returns the
* empty string.
*
*
* If the stripChars String is {@code null}, whitespace is stripped as defined by
* {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripEnd(null, *) = null
* Strings.stripEnd("", *) = ""
* Strings.stripEnd("abc", "") = "abc"
* Strings.stripEnd("abc", null) = "abc"
* Strings.stripEnd(" abc", null) = " abc"
* Strings.stripEnd("abc ", null) = "abc"
* Strings.stripEnd(" abc ", null) = " abc"
* Strings.stripEnd(" abcyx", "xyz") = " abc"
* Strings.stripEnd("120.00", ".0") = "12"
*
*
* @param str the String to remove characters from, may be null
* @param stripChars the set of characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return the stripped String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String stripEnd(final CharSequence str, final String stripChars) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
int end = str.length();
if (end == 0) {
return str.toString();
}
if (stripChars == null) {
while (end != 0 && Chars.isSpace(str.charAt(end - 1))) {
end--;
}
}
else if (stripChars.length() == 0) {
return str.toString();
}
else {
while (end != 0 && stripChars.indexOf(str.charAt(end - 1)) != INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
end--;
}
}
return str.subSequence(0, end).toString();
}
// StripAll
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Strips whitespace from the start and end of every String in an array. Whitespace is defined
* by {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
*
* A new array is returned each time, except for length zero. A {@code null} array will return
* {@code null}. An empty array will return itself. A {@code null} array entry will be ignored.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripAll(null) = null
* Strings.stripAll([]) = []
* Strings.stripAll(["abc", " abc"]) = ["abc", "abc"]
* Strings.stripAll(["abc ", null]) = ["abc", null]
*
*
* @param strs the array to remove whitespace from, may be null
* @return the stripped Strings, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String[] stripAll(final CharSequence... strs) {
return stripAll(strs, null);
}
/**
*
* Strips any of a set of characters from the start and end of every String in an array.
*
* Whitespace is defined by {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
* A new array is returned each time, except for length zero. A {@code null} array will return
* {@code null}. An empty array will return itself. A {@code null} array entry will be ignored.
* A {@code null} stripChars will strip whitespace as defined by
* {@link Chars#isSpace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripAll(null, *) = null
* Strings.stripAll([], *) = []
* Strings.stripAll(["abc", " abc"], null) = ["abc", "abc"]
* Strings.stripAll(["abc ", null], null) = ["abc", null]
* Strings.stripAll(["abc ", null], "yz") = ["abc ", null]
* Strings.stripAll(["yabcz", null], "yz") = ["abc", null]
*
*
* @param strs the array to remove characters from, may be null
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return the stripped Strings, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String[] stripAll(final CharSequence[] strs, final String stripChars) {
if (strs == null) {
return null;
}
int strsLen = strs.length;
if (strsLen == 0) {
return EMPTY_ARRAY;
}
final String[] newArr = new String[strsLen];
for (int i = 0; i < strsLen; i++) {
newArr[i] = strip(strs[i], stripChars);
}
return newArr;
}
// Equals
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Compares two CharSequences, returning {@code true} if they represent equal sequences of
* characters.
*
*
* {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null} references are considered to
* be equal. The comparison is case sensitive.
*
*
*
* Strings.equals(null, null) = true
* Strings.equals(null, "abc") = false
* Strings.equals("abc", null) = false
* Strings.equals("abc", "abc") = true
* Strings.equals("abc", "ABC") = false
*
*
* @see java.lang.String#equals(Object)
* @param cs1 the first CharSequence, may be null
* @param cs2 the second CharSequence, may be null
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequences are equal, case sensitive, or both {@code null}
*/
public static boolean equals(CharSequence cs1, CharSequence cs2) {
if (cs1 == cs2) {
return true;
}
if (cs1 == null || cs2 == null) {
return false;
}
if (cs1 instanceof String && cs2 instanceof String) {
return cs1.equals(cs2);
}
return CharSequences.regionMatches(cs1, false, 0, cs2, 0, Math.max(cs1.length(), cs2.length()));
}
/**
*
* Compares two CharSequences, returning {@code true} if they are equal ignoring the case.
*
*
* {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null} references are considered
* equal. Comparison is case insensitive.
*
*
*
* Strings.equalsIgnoreCase(null, null) = true
* Strings.equalsIgnoreCase(null, "abc") = false
* Strings.equalsIgnoreCase("abc", null) = false
* Strings.equalsIgnoreCase("abc", "abc") = true
* Strings.equalsIgnoreCase("abc", "ABC") = true
*
*
* @param str1 the first CharSequence, may be null
* @param str2 the second CharSequence, may be null
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence are equal, case insensitive, or both {@code null}
*/
public static boolean equalsIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str1, final CharSequence str2) {
if (str1 == null || str2 == null) {
return str1 == str2;
}
else if (str1 == str2) {
return true;
}
else if (str1.length() != str2.length()) {
return false;
}
else {
return CharSequences.regionMatches(str1, true, 0, str2, 0, Math.max(str1.length(), str2.length()));
}
}
// IndexOf
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Finds the first index within a CharSequence, handling {@code null}. This method uses
* {@link String#indexOf(int, int)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} or empty ("") CharSequence will return {@code INDEX_NOT_FOUND (-1)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOf(null, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOf("", *) = -1
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", 'a') = 0
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", 'b') = 2
*
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChar the character to find
* @return the first index of the search character, -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
*/
public static int indexOf(final CharSequence seq, final int searchChar) {
if (isEmpty(seq)) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
return CharSequences.indexOf(seq, searchChar, 0);
}
/**
*
* Finds the first index within a CharSequence from a start position, handling {@code null}.
* This method uses {@link String#indexOf(int, int)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} or empty ("") CharSequence will return {@code (INDEX_NOT_FOUND) -1}. A
* negative start position is treated as zero. A start position greater than the string length
* returns {@code -1}.
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOf(null, *, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOf("", *, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", 'b', 0) = 2
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", 'b', 3) = 5
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", 'b', 9) = -1
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", 'b', -1) = 2
*
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChar the character to find
* @param startPos the start position, negative treated as zero
* @return the first index of the search character (always ≥ startPos), -1 if no match or
* {@code null} string input
*/
public static int indexOf(final CharSequence seq, final int searchChar, final int startPos) {
if (isEmpty(seq)) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
return CharSequences.indexOf(seq, searchChar, startPos);
}
/**
*
* Finds the first index within a CharSequence, handling {@code null}. This method uses
* {@link String#indexOf(String, int)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}.
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOf(null, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOf(*, null) = -1
* Strings.indexOf("", "") = 0
* Strings.indexOf("", *) = -1 (except when * = "")
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", "a") = 0
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", "b") = 2
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", "ab") = 1
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", "") = 0
*
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchSeq the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @return the first index of the search CharSequence, -1 if no match or {@code null} string
* input
*/
public static int indexOf(final CharSequence seq, final CharSequence searchSeq) {
if (seq == null || searchSeq == null) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
return CharSequences.indexOf(seq, searchSeq, 0);
}
/**
*
* Finds the first index within a CharSequence, handling {@code null}. This method uses
* {@link String#indexOf(String, int)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}. A negative start position is treated as
* zero. An empty ("") search CharSequence always matches. A start position greater than the
* string length only matches an empty search CharSequence.
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOf(null, *, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOf(*, null, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOf("", "", 0) = 0
* Strings.indexOf("", *, 0) = -1 (except when * = "")
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", "a", 0) = 0
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 0) = 2
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", "ab", 0) = 1
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 3) = 5
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 9) = -1
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", "b", -1) = 2
* Strings.indexOf("aabaabaa", "", 2) = 2
* Strings.indexOf("abc", "", 9) = 3
*
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchSeq the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @param startPos the start position, negative treated as zero
* @return the first index of the search CharSequence (always ≥ startPos), -1 if no match or
* {@code null} string input
*/
public static int indexOf(final CharSequence seq, final CharSequence searchSeq, final int startPos) {
if (seq == null || searchSeq == null) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
return CharSequences.indexOf(seq, searchSeq, startPos);
}
/**
*
* Finds the n-th index within a CharSequence, handling {@code null}. This method uses
* {@link String#indexOf(String)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}.
*
*
*
* Strings.ordinalIndexOf(null, *, *) = -1
* Strings.ordinalIndexOf(*, null, *) = -1
* Strings.ordinalIndexOf("", "", *) = 0
* Strings.ordinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "a", 1) = 0
* Strings.ordinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "a", 2) = 1
* Strings.ordinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 1) = 2
* Strings.ordinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 2) = 5
* Strings.ordinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "ab", 1) = 1
* Strings.ordinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "ab", 2) = 4
* Strings.ordinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "", 1) = 0
* Strings.ordinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "", 2) = 0
*
*
* Note that 'head(CharSequence str, int n)' may be implemented as:
*
*
*
* str.substring(0, lastOrdinalIndexOf(str, "\n", n))
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStr the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @param ordinal the n-th {@code searchStr} to find
* @return the n-th index of the search CharSequence, {@code -1} ({@code INDEX_NOT_FOUND}) if no
* match or {@code null} string input
*/
public static int ordinalIndexOf(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr, final int ordinal) {
return ordinalIndexOf(str, searchStr, ordinal, false);
}
/**
*
* Finds the n-th index within a String, handling {@code null}. This method uses
* {@link String#indexOf(String)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}.
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStr the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @param ordinal the n-th {@code searchStr} to find
* @param lastIndex true if lastOrdinalIndexOf() otherwise false if ordinalIndexOf()
* @return the n-th index of the search CharSequence, {@code -1} ({@code INDEX_NOT_FOUND}) if no
* match or {@code null} string input
*/
// Shared code between ordinalIndexOf(String,String,int) and
// lastOrdinalIndexOf(String,String,int)
private static int ordinalIndexOf(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr, final int ordinal,
final boolean lastIndex) {
if (str == null || searchStr == null || ordinal <= 0) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
if (searchStr.length() == 0) {
return lastIndex ? str.length() : 0;
}
int found = 0;
int index = lastIndex ? str.length() : INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
do {
if (lastIndex) {
index = CharSequences.lastIndexOf(str, searchStr, index - 1);
}
else {
index = CharSequences.indexOf(str, searchStr, index + 1);
}
if (index < 0) {
return index;
}
found++;
}
while (found < ordinal);
return index;
}
/**
*
* Case in-sensitive find of the first index within a CharSequence.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}. A negative start position is treated as
* zero. An empty ("") search CharSequence always matches. A start position greater than the
* string length only matches an empty search CharSequence.
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase(null, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase(*, null) = -1
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("", "") = 0
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "a") = 0
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "b") = 2
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "ab") = 1
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStr the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @return the first index of the search CharSequence, -1 if no match or {@code null} string
* input
*/
public static int indexOfIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr) {
return indexOfIgnoreCase(str, searchStr, 0);
}
/**
*
* Case in-sensitive find of the first index within a CharSequence from the specified position.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}. A negative start position is treated as
* zero. An empty ("") search CharSequence always matches. A start position greater than the
* string length only matches an empty search CharSequence.
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase(null, *, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase(*, null, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("", "", 0) = 0
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "A", 0) = 0
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 0) = 2
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "AB", 0) = 1
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 3) = 5
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 9) = -1
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", -1) = 2
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "", 2) = 2
* Strings.indexOfIgnoreCase("abc", "", 9) = 3
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStr the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @param startPos the start position, negative treated as zero
* @return the first index of the search CharSequence (always ≥ startPos), -1 if no match or
* {@code null} string input
*/
public static int indexOfIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr, int startPos) {
if (str == null || searchStr == null) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
if (startPos < 0) {
startPos = 0;
}
final int endLimit = str.length() - searchStr.length() + 1;
if (startPos > endLimit) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
if (searchStr.length() == 0) {
return startPos;
}
for (int i = startPos; i < endLimit; i++) {
if (CharSequences.regionMatches(str, true, i, searchStr, 0, searchStr.length())) {
return i;
}
}
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
// LastIndexOf
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Finds the last index within a CharSequence, handling {@code null}. This method uses
* {@link String#lastIndexOf(int)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} or empty ("") CharSequence will return {@code -1}.
*
*
*
* Strings.lastIndexOf(null, *) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("", *) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", 'a') = 7
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", 'b') = 5
*
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChar the character to find
* @return the last index of the search character, -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
*/
public static int lastIndexOf(final CharSequence seq, final int searchChar) {
if (isEmpty(seq)) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
return CharSequences.lastIndexOf(seq, searchChar, seq.length());
}
/**
*
* Finds the last index within a CharSequence from a start position, handling {@code null}. This
* method uses {@link String#lastIndexOf(int, int)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} or empty ("") CharSequence will return {@code -1}. A negative start position
* returns {@code -1}. A start position greater than the string length searches the whole
* string. The search starts at the startPos and works backwards; matches starting after the
* start position are ignored.
*
*
*
* Strings.lastIndexOf(null, *, *) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("", *, *) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", 'b', 8) = 5
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", 'b', 4) = 2
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", 'b', 0) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", 'b', 9) = 5
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", 'b', -1) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", 'a', 0) = 0
*
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChar the character to find
* @param startPos the start position
* @return the last index of the search character (always ≤ startPos), -1 if no match or
* {@code null} string input
*/
public static int lastIndexOf(final CharSequence seq, final int searchChar, final int startPos) {
if (isEmpty(seq)) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
return CharSequences.lastIndexOf(seq, searchChar, startPos);
}
/**
*
* Finds the last index within a CharSequence, handling {@code null}. This method uses
* {@link String#lastIndexOf(String)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}.
*
*
*
* Strings.lastIndexOf(null, *) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf(*, null) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("", "") = 0
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "a") = 7
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "b") = 5
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "ab") = 4
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "") = 8
*
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchSeq the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @return the last index of the search String, -1 if no match or {@code null} string input
*/
public static int lastIndexOf(final CharSequence seq, final CharSequence searchSeq) {
if (seq == null || searchSeq == null) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
return CharSequences.lastIndexOf(seq, searchSeq, seq.length());
}
/**
*
* Finds the n-th last index within a String, handling {@code null}. This method uses
* {@link String#lastIndexOf(String)}.
*
*
* A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}.
*
*
*
* Strings.lastOrdinalIndexOf(null, *, *) = -1
* Strings.lastOrdinalIndexOf(*, null, *) = -1
* Strings.lastOrdinalIndexOf("", "", *) = 0
* Strings.lastOrdinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "a", 1) = 7
* Strings.lastOrdinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "a", 2) = 6
* Strings.lastOrdinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 1) = 5
* Strings.lastOrdinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 2) = 2
* Strings.lastOrdinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "ab", 1) = 4
* Strings.lastOrdinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "ab", 2) = 1
* Strings.lastOrdinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "", 1) = 8
* Strings.lastOrdinalIndexOf("aabaabaa", "", 2) = 8
*
*
* Note that 'tail(CharSequence str, int n)' may be implemented as:
*
*
*
* str.substring(lastOrdinalIndexOf(str, "\n", n) + 1)
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStr the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @param ordinal the n-th last {@code searchStr} to find
* @return the n-th last index of the search CharSequence, {@code -1} ({@code INDEX_NOT_FOUND})
* if no match or {@code null} string input
*/
public static int lastOrdinalIndexOf(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr, final int ordinal) {
return ordinalIndexOf(str, searchStr, ordinal, true);
}
/**
*
* Finds the last index within a CharSequence, handling {@code null}. This method uses
* {@link String#lastIndexOf(String, int)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}. A negative start position returns
* {@code -1}. An empty ("") search CharSequence always matches unless the start position is
* negative. A start position greater than the string length searches the whole string. The
* search starts at the startPos and works backwards; matches starting after the start position
* are ignored.
*
*
*
* Strings.lastIndexOf(null, *, *) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf(*, null, *) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "a", 8) = 7
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 8) = 5
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "ab", 8) = 4
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 9) = 5
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "b", -1) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "a", 0) = 0
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 0) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 1) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "b", 2) = 2
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "ba", 2) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOf("aabaabaa", "ba", 2) = 2
*
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchSeq the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @param startPos the start position, negative treated as zero
* @return the last index of the search CharSequence (always ≤ startPos), -1 if no match or
* {@code null} string input
*/
public static int lastIndexOf(final CharSequence seq, final CharSequence searchSeq, final int startPos) {
if (seq == null || searchSeq == null) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
return CharSequences.lastIndexOf(seq, searchSeq, startPos);
}
/**
*
* Case in-sensitive find of the last index within a CharSequence.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}. A negative start position returns
* {@code -1}. An empty ("") search CharSequence always matches unless the start position is
* negative. A start position greater than the string length searches the whole string.
*
*
*
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(null, *) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(*, null) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "A") = 7
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B") = 5
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "AB") = 4
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStr the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @return the first index of the search CharSequence, -1 if no match or {@code null} string
* input
*/
public static int lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr) {
if (str == null || searchStr == null) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
return lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(str, searchStr, str.length());
}
/**
*
* Case in-sensitive find of the last index within a CharSequence from the specified position.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}. A negative start position returns
* {@code -1}. An empty ("") search CharSequence always matches unless the start position is
* negative. A start position greater than the string length searches the whole string. The
* search starts at the startPos and works backwards; matches starting after the start position
* are ignored.
*
*
*
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(null, *, *) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(*, null, *) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "A", 8) = 7
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 8) = 5
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "AB", 8) = 4
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 9) = 5
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", -1) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "A", 0) = 0
* Strings.lastIndexOfIgnoreCase("aabaabaa", "B", 0) = -1
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStr the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @param startPos the start position
* @return the last index of the search CharSequence (always ≤ startPos), -1 if no match or
* {@code null} input
*/
public static int lastIndexOfIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr, int startPos) {
if (str == null || searchStr == null) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
if (startPos > str.length() - searchStr.length()) {
startPos = str.length() - searchStr.length();
}
if (startPos < 0) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
if (searchStr.length() == 0) {
return startPos;
}
for (int i = startPos; i >= 0; i--) {
if (CharSequences.regionMatches(str, true, i, searchStr, 0, searchStr.length())) {
return i;
}
}
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
// Contains
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Checks if CharSequence contains a search character, handling {@code null}. This method uses
* {@link String#indexOf(int)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} or empty ("") CharSequence will return {@code false}.
*
*
*
* Strings.contains(null, *) = false
* Strings.contains("", *) = false
* Strings.contains("abc", 'a') = true
* Strings.contains("abc", 'z') = false
*
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChar the character to find
* @return true if the CharSequence contains the search character, false if not or {@code null}
* string input
*/
public static boolean contains(final CharSequence seq, final int searchChar) {
if (isEmpty(seq)) {
return false;
}
return CharSequences.indexOf(seq, searchChar, 0) >= 0;
}
/**
*
* Checks if CharSequence contains a search CharSequence, handling {@code null}. This method
* uses {@link String#indexOf(String)} if possible.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code false}.
*
*
*
* Strings.contains(null, *) = false
* Strings.contains(*, null) = false
* Strings.contains("", "") = true
* Strings.contains("abc", "") = true
* Strings.contains("abc", "a") = true
* Strings.contains("abc", "z") = false
*
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchSeq the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @return true if the CharSequence contains the search CharSequence, false if not or
* {@code null} string input
*/
public static boolean contains(final CharSequence seq, final CharSequence searchSeq) {
if (seq == null || searchSeq == null) {
return false;
}
return CharSequences.indexOf(seq, searchSeq, 0) >= 0;
}
/**
*
* Checks if CharSequence contains a search CharSequence irrespective of case, handling
* {@code null}. Case-insensitivity is defined as by {@link String#equalsIgnoreCase(String)}.
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code false}.
*
*
*
* Strings.contains(null, *) = false
* Strings.contains(*, null) = false
* Strings.contains("", "") = true
* Strings.contains("abc", "") = true
* Strings.contains("abc", "a") = true
* Strings.contains("abc", "z") = false
* Strings.contains("abc", "A") = true
* Strings.contains("abc", "Z") = false
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStr the CharSequence to find, may be null
* @return true if the CharSequence contains the search CharSequence irrespective of case or
* false if not or {@code null} string input
*/
public static boolean containsIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence searchStr) {
if (str == null || searchStr == null) {
return false;
}
final int len = searchStr.length();
final int max = str.length() - len;
for (int i = 0; i <= max; i++) {
if (CharSequences.regionMatches(str, true, i, searchStr, 0, len)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Check whether the given CharSequence contains any whitespace characters.
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check (may be {@code null})
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence is not empty and contains at least 1 whitespace
* character
* @see java.lang.Character#isWhitespace
*/
public static boolean containsWhitespace(final CharSequence seq) {
if (isEmpty(seq)) {
return false;
}
final int strLen = seq.length();
for (int i = 0; i < strLen; i++) {
if (Character.isWhitespace(seq.charAt(i))) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
// IndexOfAny chars
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Search a CharSequence to find the first index of any character in the given set of
* characters.
*
*
* A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}. A {@code null} or zero length search array will
* return {@code -1}.
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOfAny(null, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny("", *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny(*, null) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny(*, []) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny("zzabyycdxx",['z','a']) = 0
* Strings.indexOfAny("zzabyycdxx",['b','y']) = 3
* Strings.indexOfAny("aba", ['z']) = -1
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChars the chars to search for, may be null
* @return the index of any of the chars, -1 if no match or null input
*/
public static int indexOfAny(final CharSequence cs, final char... searchChars) {
if (isEmpty(cs) || Arrays.isEmpty(searchChars)) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
final int csLen = cs.length();
final int csLast = csLen - 1;
final int searchLen = searchChars.length;
final int searchLast = searchLen - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < csLen; i++) {
final char ch = cs.charAt(i);
for (int j = 0; j < searchLen; j++) {
if (searchChars[j] == ch) {
if (i < csLast && j < searchLast && Character.isHighSurrogate(ch)) {
// ch is a supplementary character
if (searchChars[j + 1] == cs.charAt(i + 1)) {
return i;
}
}
else {
return i;
}
}
}
}
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
/**
*
* Search a CharSequence to find the first index of any character in the given set of
* characters.
*
*
* A {@code null} String will return {@code -1}. A {@code null} search string will return
* {@code -1}.
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOfAny(null, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny("", *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny(*, null) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny(*, "") = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", "za") = 0
* Strings.indexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", "by") = 3
* Strings.indexOfAny("aba","z") = -1
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChars the chars to search for, may be null
* @return the index of any of the chars, -1 if no match or null input
*/
public static int indexOfAny(final CharSequence cs, final String searchChars) {
if (isEmpty(cs) || isEmpty(searchChars)) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
return indexOfAny(cs, searchChars.toCharArray());
}
// ContainsAny
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains any character in the given set of characters.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code false}. A {@code null} or zero length search
* array will return {@code false}.
*
*
*
* Strings.containsAny(null, *) = false
* Strings.containsAny("", *) = false
* Strings.containsAny(*, null) = false
* Strings.containsAny(*, []) = false
* Strings.containsAny("zzabyycdxx",['z','a']) = true
* Strings.containsAny("zzabyycdxx",['b','y']) = true
* Strings.containsAny("aba", ['z']) = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChars the chars to search for, may be null
* @return the {@code true} if any of the chars are found, {@code false} if no match or null
* input
*/
public static boolean containsAny(final CharSequence cs, final char... searchChars) {
if (isEmpty(cs) || Arrays.isEmpty(searchChars)) {
return false;
}
final int csLength = cs.length();
final int searchLength = searchChars.length;
final int csLast = csLength - 1;
final int searchLast = searchLength - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < csLength; i++) {
final char ch = cs.charAt(i);
for (int j = 0; j < searchLength; j++) {
if (searchChars[j] == ch) {
if (Character.isHighSurrogate(ch)) {
if (j == searchLast) {
// missing low surrogate, fine, like String.indexOf(String)
return true;
}
if (i < csLast && searchChars[j + 1] == cs.charAt(i + 1)) {
return true;
}
}
else {
// ch is in the Basic Multilingual Plane
return true;
}
}
}
}
return false;
}
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains any character in the given set of characters.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code false}. A {@code null} search CharSequence
* will return {@code false}.
*
*
*
* Strings.containsAny(null, *) = false
* Strings.containsAny("", *) = false
* Strings.containsAny(*, null) = false
* Strings.containsAny(*, "") = false
* Strings.containsAny("zzabyycdxx", "za") = true
* Strings.containsAny("zzabyycdxx", "by") = true
* Strings.containsAny("aba","z") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChars the chars to search for, may be null
* @return the {@code true} if any of the chars are found, {@code false} if no match or null
* input
*/
public static boolean containsAny(final CharSequence cs, final CharSequence searchChars) {
if (searchChars == null) {
return false;
}
return containsAny(cs, CharSequences.toCharArray(searchChars));
}
// IndexOfAnyBut chars
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Searches a CharSequence to find the first index of any character not in the given set of
* characters.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}. A {@code null} or zero length search
* array will return {@code -1}.
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut(null, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut("", *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut(*, null) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut(*, []) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut("zzabyycdxx", new char[] {'z', 'a'} ) = 3
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut("aba", new char[] {'z'} ) = 0
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut("aba", new char[] {'a', 'b'} ) = -1
*
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChars the chars to search for, may be null
* @return the index of any of the chars, -1 if no match or null input
*/
public static int indexOfAnyBut(final CharSequence cs, final char... searchChars) {
if (isEmpty(cs) || Arrays.isEmpty(searchChars)) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
final int csLen = cs.length();
final int csLast = csLen - 1;
final int searchLen = searchChars.length;
final int searchLast = searchLen - 1;
outer: for (int i = 0; i < csLen; i++) {
final char ch = cs.charAt(i);
for (int j = 0; j < searchLen; j++) {
if (searchChars[j] == ch) {
if (i < csLast && j < searchLast && Character.isHighSurrogate(ch)) {
if (searchChars[j + 1] == cs.charAt(i + 1)) {
continue outer;
}
}
else {
continue outer;
}
}
}
return i;
}
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
/**
*
* Search a CharSequence to find the first index of any character not in the given set of
* characters.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}. A {@code null} or empty search string
* will return {@code -1}.
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut(null, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut("", *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut(*, null) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut(*, "") = -1
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut("zzabyycdxx", "za") = 3
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut("zzabyycdxx", "") = -1
* Strings.indexOfAnyBut("aba","ab") = -1
*
*
* @param seq the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChars the chars to search for, may be null
* @return the index of any of the chars, -1 if no match or null input
*/
public static int indexOfAnyBut(final CharSequence seq, final CharSequence searchChars) {
if (isEmpty(seq) || isEmpty(searchChars)) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
final int strLen = seq.length();
for (int i = 0; i < strLen; i++) {
final char ch = seq.charAt(i);
final boolean chFound = CharSequences.indexOf(searchChars, ch, 0) >= 0;
if (i + 1 < strLen && Character.isHighSurrogate(ch)) {
final char ch2 = seq.charAt(i + 1);
if (chFound && CharSequences.indexOf(searchChars, ch2, 0) < 0) {
return i;
}
}
else {
if (!chFound) {
return i;
}
}
}
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
// ContainsOnly
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only certain characters.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code false}. A {@code null} valid character array
* will return {@code false}. An empty CharSequence (length()=0) always returns {@code true}.
*
*
*
* Strings.containsOnly(null, *) = false
* Strings.containsOnly(*, null) = false
* Strings.containsOnly("", *) = true
* Strings.containsOnly("ab", '') = false
* Strings.containsOnly("abab", 'abc') = true
* Strings.containsOnly("ab1", 'abc') = false
* Strings.containsOnly("abz", 'abc') = false
*
*
* @param cs the String to check, may be null
* @param valid an array of valid chars, may be null
* @return true if it only contains valid chars and is non-null
*/
public static boolean containsOnly(final CharSequence cs, final char... valid) {
// All these pre-checks are to maintain API with an older version
if (valid == null || cs == null) {
return false;
}
if (cs.length() == 0) {
return true;
}
if (valid.length == 0) {
return false;
}
return indexOfAnyBut(cs, valid) == INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only certain characters.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code false}. A {@code null} valid character String
* will return {@code false}. An empty String (length()=0) always returns {@code true}.
*
*
*
* Strings.containsOnly(null, *) = false
* Strings.containsOnly(*, null) = false
* Strings.containsOnly("", *) = true
* Strings.containsOnly("ab", "") = false
* Strings.containsOnly("abab", "abc") = true
* Strings.containsOnly("ab1", "abc") = false
* Strings.containsOnly("abz", "abc") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param validChars a String of valid chars, may be null
* @return true if it only contains valid chars and is non-null
*/
public static boolean containsOnly(final CharSequence cs, final String validChars) {
if (cs == null || validChars == null) {
return false;
}
return containsOnly(cs, validChars.toCharArray());
}
// ContainsNone
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Checks that the CharSequence does not contain certain characters.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code true}. A {@code null} invalid character array
* will return {@code true}. An empty CharSequence (length()=0) always returns true.
*
*
*
* Strings.containsNone(null, *) = true
* Strings.containsNone(*, null) = true
* Strings.containsNone("", *) = true
* Strings.containsNone("ab", '') = true
* Strings.containsNone("abab", 'xyz') = true
* Strings.containsNone("ab1", 'xyz') = true
* Strings.containsNone("abz", 'xyz') = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchChars an array of invalid chars, may be null
* @return true if it contains none of the invalid chars, or is null
*/
public static boolean containsNone(final CharSequence cs, final char... searchChars) {
if (cs == null || searchChars == null) {
return true;
}
final int csLen = cs.length();
final int csLast = csLen - 1;
final int searchLen = searchChars.length;
final int searchLast = searchLen - 1;
for (int i = 0; i < csLen; i++) {
final char ch = cs.charAt(i);
for (int j = 0; j < searchLen; j++) {
if (searchChars[j] == ch) {
if (Character.isHighSurrogate(ch)) {
if (j == searchLast) {
// missing low surrogate, fine, like String.indexOf(String)
return false;
}
if (i < csLast && searchChars[j + 1] == cs.charAt(i + 1)) {
return false;
}
}
else {
// ch is in the Basic Multilingual Plane
return false;
}
}
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks that the CharSequence does not contain certain characters.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code true}. A {@code null} invalid character array
* will return {@code true}. An empty String ("") always returns true.
*
*
*
* Strings.containsNone(null, *) = true
* Strings.containsNone(*, null) = true
* Strings.containsNone("", *) = true
* Strings.containsNone("ab", "") = true
* Strings.containsNone("abab", "xyz") = true
* Strings.containsNone("ab1", "xyz") = true
* Strings.containsNone("abz", "xyz") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param invalidChars a String of invalid chars, may be null
* @return true if it contains none of the invalid chars, or is null
*/
public static boolean containsNone(final CharSequence cs, final String invalidChars) {
if (cs == null || invalidChars == null) {
return true;
}
return containsNone(cs, invalidChars.toCharArray());
}
// IndexOfAny strings
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Find the first index of any of a set of potential substrings.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}. A {@code null} or zero length search
* array will return {@code -1}. A {@code null} search array entry will be ignored, but a search
* array containing "" will return {@code 0} if {@code str} is not null. This method uses
* {@link String#indexOf(String)} if possible.
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOfAny(null, *) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny(*, null) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny(*, []) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", ["ab","cd"]) = 2
* Strings.indexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", ["cd","ab"]) = 2
* Strings.indexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", ["mn","op"]) = -1
* Strings.indexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", ["zab","aby"]) = 1
* Strings.indexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", [""]) = 0
* Strings.indexOfAny("", [""]) = 0
* Strings.indexOfAny("", ["a"]) = -1
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStrs the CharSequences to search for, may be null
* @return the first index of any of the searchStrs in str, -1 if no match
*/
public static int indexOfAny(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence... searchStrs) {
if (str == null || searchStrs == null) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
final int sz = searchStrs.length;
// String's can't have a MAX_VALUEth index.
int ret = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int tmp = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
final CharSequence search = searchStrs[i];
if (search == null) {
continue;
}
tmp = CharSequences.indexOf(str, search, 0);
if (tmp == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
continue;
}
if (tmp < ret) {
ret = tmp;
}
}
return ret == Integer.MAX_VALUE ? INDEX_NOT_FOUND : ret;
}
/**
*
* Find the latest index of any of a set of potential substrings.
*
*
* A {@code null} CharSequence will return {@code -1}. A {@code null} search array will return
* {@code -1}. A {@code null} or zero length search array entry will be ignored, but a search
* array containing "" will return the length of {@code str} if {@code str} is not null. This
* method uses {@link String#indexOf(String)} if possible
*
*
*
* Strings.lastIndexOfAny(null, *) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOfAny(*, null) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOfAny(*, []) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOfAny(*, [null]) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", ["ab","cd"]) = 6
* Strings.lastIndexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", ["cd","ab"]) = 6
* Strings.lastIndexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", ["mn","op"]) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", ["mn","op"]) = -1
* Strings.lastIndexOfAny("zzabyycdxx", ["mn",""]) = 10
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStrs the CharSequences to search for, may be null
* @return the last index of any of the CharSequences, -1 if no match
*/
public static int lastIndexOfAny(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence... searchStrs) {
if (str == null || searchStrs == null) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
final int sz = searchStrs.length;
int ret = INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
int tmp = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
final CharSequence search = searchStrs[i];
if (search == null) {
continue;
}
tmp = CharSequences.lastIndexOf(str, search, str.length());
if (tmp > ret) {
ret = tmp;
}
}
return ret;
}
// Substring
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Gets a substring from the specified String avoiding exceptions.
*
*
* A negative start position can be used to start {@code n} characters from the end of the
* String.
*
*
* A {@code null} String will return {@code null}. An empty ("") String will return "".
*
*
*
* Strings.substring(null, *) = null
* Strings.substring("", *) = ""
* Strings.substring("abc", 0) = "abc"
* Strings.substring("abc", 2) = "c"
* Strings.substring("abc", 4) = ""
* Strings.substring("abc", -2) = "bc"
* Strings.substring("abc", -4) = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to get the substring from, may be null
* @param start the position to start from, negative means count back from the end of the String
* by this many characters
* @return substring from start position, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String substring(final String str, int start) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
// handle negatives, which means last n characters
if (start < 0) {
start = str.length() + start; // remember start is negative
}
if (start < 0) {
start = 0;
}
if (start > str.length()) {
return EMPTY;
}
return str.substring(start);
}
/**
*
* Gets a substring from the specified String avoiding exceptions.
*
*
* A negative start position can be used to start/end {@code n} characters from the end of the
* String.
*
*
* The returned substring starts with the character in the {@code start} position and ends
* before the {@code end} position. All position counting is zero-based -- i.e., to start at the
* beginning of the string use {@code start = 0}. Negative start and end positions can be used
* to specify offsets relative to the end of the String.
*
*
* If {@code start} is not strictly to the left of {@code end}, "" is returned.
*
*
*
* Strings.substring(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.substring("", * , *) = "";
* Strings.substring("abc", 0, 2) = "ab"
* Strings.substring("abc", 2, 0) = ""
* Strings.substring("abc", 2, 4) = "c"
* Strings.substring("abc", 4, 6) = ""
* Strings.substring("abc", 2, 2) = ""
* Strings.substring("abc", -2, -1) = "b"
* Strings.substring("abc", -4, 2) = "ab"
*
*
* @param str the String to get the substring from, may be null
* @param start the position to start from, negative means count back from the end of the String
* by this many characters
* @param end the position to end at (exclusive), negative means count back from the end of the
* String by this many characters
* @return substring from start position to end position, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String substring(final String str, int start, int end) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
// handle negatives
if (end < 0) {
end = str.length() + end; // remember end is negative
}
if (start < 0) {
start = str.length() + start; // remember start is negative
}
// check length next
if (end > str.length()) {
end = str.length();
}
// if start is greater than end, return ""
if (start > end) {
return EMPTY;
}
if (start < 0) {
start = 0;
}
if (end < 0) {
end = 0;
}
return str.substring(start, end);
}
// Left/Right/Mid
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Gets the leftmost {@code len} characters of a String.
*
*
* If {@code len} characters are not available, or the String is {@code null}, the String will
* be returned without an exception. An empty String is returned if len is negative.
*
*
*
* Strings.left(null, *) = null
* Strings.left(*, -ve) = ""
* Strings.left("", *) = ""
* Strings.left("abc", 0) = ""
* Strings.left("abc", 2) = "ab"
* Strings.left("abc", 4) = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to get the leftmost characters from, may be null
* @param len the length of the required String
* @return the leftmost characters, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String left(final CharSequence str, final int len) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
if (len < 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
if (str.length() <= len) {
return str.toString();
}
return str.subSequence(0, len).toString();
}
/**
*
* Gets the rightmost {@code len} characters of a String.
*
*
* If {@code len} characters are not available, or the String is {@code null}, the String will
* be returned without an an exception. An empty String is returned if len is negative.
*
*
*
* Strings.right(null, *) = null
* Strings.right(*, -ve) = ""
* Strings.right("", *) = ""
* Strings.right("abc", 0) = ""
* Strings.right("abc", 2) = "bc"
* Strings.right("abc", 4) = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to get the rightmost characters from, may be null
* @param len the length of the required String
* @return the rightmost characters, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String right(final String str, final int len) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
if (len < 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
if (str.length() <= len) {
return str;
}
return str.substring(str.length() - len);
}
/**
*
* Gets {@code len} characters from the middle of a String.
*
*
* If {@code len} characters are not available, the remainder of the String will be returned
* without an exception. If the String is {@code null}, {@code null} will be returned. An empty
* String is returned if len is negative or exceeds the length of {@code str}.
*
*
*
* Strings.mid(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.mid(*, *, -ve) = ""
* Strings.mid("", 0, *) = ""
* Strings.mid("abc", 0, 2) = "ab"
* Strings.mid("abc", 0, 4) = "abc"
* Strings.mid("abc", 2, 4) = "c"
* Strings.mid("abc", 4, 2) = ""
* Strings.mid("abc", -2, 2) = "ab"
*
*
* @param str the String to get the characters from, may be null
* @param pos the position to start from, negative treated as zero
* @param len the length of the required String
* @return the middle characters, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String mid(final String str, int pos, final int len) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
if (len < 0 || pos > str.length()) {
return EMPTY;
}
if (pos < 0) {
pos = 0;
}
if (str.length() <= pos + len) {
return str.substring(pos);
}
return str.substring(pos, pos + len);
}
// SubStringAfter/SubStringBefore
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Gets the substring before the first occurrence of a separator. The separator is not returned.
*
*
* A {@code null} string input will return {@code null}. An empty ("") string input will return
* the empty string. A {@code null} separator will return the input string.
*
*
* If nothing is found, the string input is returned.
*
*
*
* Strings.substringBefore(null, *) = null
* Strings.substringBefore("", *) = ""
* Strings.substringBefore("abc", "a") = ""
* Strings.substringBefore("abcba", "b") = "a"
* Strings.substringBefore("abc", "c") = "ab"
* Strings.substringBefore("abc", "d") = "abc"
* Strings.substringBefore("abc", "") = ""
* Strings.substringBefore("abc", null) = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to get a substring from, may be null
* @param separator the String to search for, may be null
* @return the substring before the first occurrence of the separator, {@code null} if null
* String input
*/
public static String substringBefore(final String str, final String separator) {
if (isEmpty(str) || separator == null) {
return str;
}
if (separator.length() == 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final int pos = str.indexOf(separator);
if (pos == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return str;
}
return str.substring(0, pos);
}
public static String substringBefore(final String str, final char separator) {
if (isEmpty(str)) {
return str;
}
final int pos = str.indexOf(separator);
if (pos == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return str;
}
return str.substring(0, pos);
}
/**
*
* Gets the substring after the first occurrence of a separator. The separator is not returned.
*
*
* A {@code null} string input will return {@code null}. An empty ("") string input will return
* the empty string. A {@code null} separator will return the empty string if the input string
* is not {@code null}.
*
*
* If nothing is found, the empty string is returned.
*
*
*
* Strings.substringAfter(null, *) = null
* Strings.substringAfter("", *) = ""
* Strings.substringAfter(*, null) = ""
* Strings.substringAfter("abc", "a") = "bc"
* Strings.substringAfter("abcba", "b") = "cba"
* Strings.substringAfter("abc", "c") = ""
* Strings.substringAfter("abc", "d") = ""
* Strings.substringAfter("abc", "") = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to get a substring from, may be null
* @param separator the String to search for, may be null
* @return the substring after the first occurrence of the separator, {@code null} if null
* String input
*/
public static String substringAfter(final String str, final String separator) {
if (isEmpty(str)) {
return str;
}
if (separator == null) {
return EMPTY;
}
final int pos = str.indexOf(separator);
if (pos == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return EMPTY;
}
return str.substring(pos + separator.length());
}
public static String substringAfter(final String str, final char separator) {
if (isEmpty(str)) {
return str;
}
final int pos = str.indexOf(separator);
if (pos == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return EMPTY;
}
return str.substring(pos + 1);
}
/**
*
* Gets the substring before the last occurrence of a separator. The separator is not returned.
*
*
* A {@code null} string input will return {@code null}. An empty ("") string input will return
* the empty string. An empty or {@code null} separator will return the input string.
*
*
* If nothing is found, the string input is returned.
*
*
*
* Strings.substringBeforeLast(null, *) = null
* Strings.substringBeforeLast("", *) = ""
* Strings.substringBeforeLast("abcba", "b") = "abc"
* Strings.substringBeforeLast("abc", "c") = "ab"
* Strings.substringBeforeLast("a", "a") = ""
* Strings.substringBeforeLast("a", "z") = "a"
* Strings.substringBeforeLast("a", null) = "a"
* Strings.substringBeforeLast("a", "") = "a"
*
*
* @param str the String to get a substring from, may be null
* @param separator the String to search for, may be null
* @return the substring before the last occurrence of the separator, {@code null} if null
* String input
*/
public static String substringBeforeLast(final String str, final String separator) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(separator)) {
return str;
}
final int pos = str.lastIndexOf(separator);
if (pos == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return str;
}
return str.substring(0, pos);
}
public static String substringBeforeLast(final String str, final char separator) {
if (isEmpty(str)) {
return str;
}
final int pos = str.lastIndexOf(separator);
if (pos == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return str;
}
return str.substring(0, pos);
}
/**
*
* Gets the substring after the last occurrence of a separator. The separator is not returned.
*
*
* A {@code null} string input will return {@code null}. An empty ("") string input will return
* the empty string. An empty or {@code null} separator will return the empty string if the
* input string is not {@code null}.
*
*
* If nothing is found, the empty string is returned.
*
*
*
* Strings.substringAfterLast(null, *) = null
* Strings.substringAfterLast("", *) = ""
* Strings.substringAfterLast(*, "") = ""
* Strings.substringAfterLast(*, null) = ""
* Strings.substringAfterLast("abc", "a") = "bc"
* Strings.substringAfterLast("abcba", "b") = "a"
* Strings.substringAfterLast("abc", "c") = ""
* Strings.substringAfterLast("a", "a") = ""
* Strings.substringAfterLast("a", "z") = ""
*
*
* @param str the String to get a substring from, may be null
* @param separator the String to search for, may be null
* @return the substring after the last occurrence of the separator, {@code null} if null String
* input
*/
public static String substringAfterLast(final String str, final String separator) {
if (isEmpty(str)) {
return str;
}
if (isEmpty(separator)) {
return EMPTY;
}
final int pos = str.lastIndexOf(separator);
if (pos == INDEX_NOT_FOUND || pos == str.length() - separator.length()) {
return EMPTY;
}
return str.substring(pos + separator.length());
}
public static String substringAfterLast(final String str, final char separator) {
if (isEmpty(str)) {
return str;
}
final int pos = str.lastIndexOf(separator);
if (pos == INDEX_NOT_FOUND || pos == str.length() - 1) {
return EMPTY;
}
return str.substring(pos + 1);
}
// Substring between
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Gets the String that is nested in between two instances of the same String.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. A {@code null} tag returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.substringBetween(null, *) = null
* Strings.substringBetween("", "") = ""
* Strings.substringBetween("", "tag") = null
* Strings.substringBetween("tagabctag", null) = null
* Strings.substringBetween("tagabctag", "") = ""
* Strings.substringBetween("tagabctag", "tag") = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String containing the substring, may be null
* @param tag the String before and after the substring, may be null
* @return the substring, {@code null} if no match
*/
public static String substringBetween(final String str, final String tag) {
return substringBetween(str, tag, tag);
}
public static String substringBetween(final String str, final char tag) {
return substringBetween(str, tag, tag);
}
/**
*
* Gets the String that is nested in between two Strings. Only the first match is returned.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. A {@code null} open/close returns
* {@code null} (no match). An empty ("") open and close returns an empty string.
*
*
*
* Strings.substringBetween("wx[b]yz", "[", "]") = "b"
* Strings.substringBetween(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.substringBetween(*, null, *) = null
* Strings.substringBetween(*, *, null) = null
* Strings.substringBetween("", "", "") = ""
* Strings.substringBetween("", "", "]") = null
* Strings.substringBetween("", "[", "]") = null
* Strings.substringBetween("yabcz", "", "") = ""
* Strings.substringBetween("yabcz", "y", "z") = "abc"
* Strings.substringBetween("yabczyabcz", "y", "z") = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String containing the substring, may be null
* @param open the String before the substring, may be null
* @param close the String after the substring, may be null
* @return the substring, {@code null} if no match
*/
public static String substringBetween(final String str, final String open, final String close) {
if (str == null || open == null || close == null) {
return null;
}
final int start = str.indexOf(open);
if (start != INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
final int end = str.indexOf(close, start + open.length());
if (end != INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return str.substring(start + open.length(), end);
}
}
return null;
}
public static String substringBetween(final String str, final char open, final char close) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
final int start = str.indexOf(open);
if (start != INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
final int end = str.indexOf(close, start + 1);
if (end != INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return str.substring(start + 1, end);
}
}
return null;
}
/**
*
* Searches a String for substrings delimited by a start and end tag, returning all matching
* substrings in an array.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. A {@code null} open/close returns
* {@code null} (no match). An empty ("") open/close returns {@code null} (no match).
*
*
*
* Strings.substringsBetween("[a][b][c]", "[", "]") = ["a","b","c"]
* Strings.substringsBetween(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.substringsBetween(*, null, *) = null
* Strings.substringsBetween(*, *, null) = null
* Strings.substringsBetween("", "[", "]") = []
*
*
* @param str the String containing the substrings, null returns null, empty returns empty
* @param open the String identifying the start of the substring, empty returns null
* @param close the String identifying the end of the substring, empty returns null
* @return a String Array of substrings, or {@code null} if no match
*/
public static String[] substringsBetween(final String str, final String open, final String close) {
if (str == null || isEmpty(open) || isEmpty(close)) {
return null;
}
final int strLen = str.length();
if (strLen == 0) {
return Arrays.EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
}
final int closeLen = close.length();
final int openLen = open.length();
final List list = new ArrayList();
int pos = 0;
while (pos < strLen - closeLen) {
int start = str.indexOf(open, pos);
if (start < 0) {
break;
}
start += openLen;
final int end = str.indexOf(close, start);
if (end < 0) {
break;
}
list.add(str.substring(start, end));
pos = end + closeLen;
}
if (list.isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
}
// Nested extraction
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Splitting
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array, using whitespace as the separator. Whitespace is
* defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
*
*
* The separator is not included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are treated
* as one separator. For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.split(null) = null
* Strings.split("") = []
* Strings.split("abc def") = ["abc", "def"]
* Strings.split("abc def") = ["abc", "def"]
* Strings.split(" abc ") = ["abc"]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be null
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String[] split(final String str) {
return split(str, null, -1);
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array, separator specified. This is an alternative to using
* StringTokenizer.
*
*
* The separator is not included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are treated
* as one separator. For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.split(null, *) = null
* Strings.split("", *) = []
* Strings.split("a.b.c", '.') = ["a", "b", "c"]
* Strings.split("a..b.c", '.') = ["a", "b", "c"]
* Strings.split("a:b:c", '.') = ["a:b:c"]
* Strings.split("a b c", ' ') = ["a", "b", "c"]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be null
* @param sep the character used as the delimiter
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String[] split(final String str, final char sep) {
return splitWorker(str, sep, -1, false);
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array, separators specified. This is an alternative to using
* StringTokenizer.
*
*
* The separator is not included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are treated
* as one separator. For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. A {@code null} sepChars splits on
* whitespace.
*
*
*
* Strings.split(null, *) = null
* Strings.split("", *) = []
* Strings.split("abc def", null) = ["abc", "def"]
* Strings.split("abc def", " ") = ["abc", "def"]
* Strings.split("abc def", " ") = ["abc", "def"]
* Strings.split("ab:cd:ef", ":") = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be null
* @param sepChars the characters used as the delimiters, {@code null} splits on
* whitespace
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String[] split(final String str, final String sepChars) {
return splitWorker(str, sepChars, -1, false);
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array with a maximum length, separators specified.
*
*
* The separator is not included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are treated
* as one separator.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
*
*
* If more than {@code max} delimited substrings are found, the last returned string includes
* all characters after the first {@code max - 1} returned strings (including separator
* characters).
*
*
*
* Strings.split(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.split("", *, *) = []
* Strings.split("ab:cd:ef", ':', 0) = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.split("ab:cd:ef", ':', 2) = ["ab", "cd:ef"]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be null
* @param sep the character used as the delimiter
* @param max the maximum number of elements to include in the array. A zero or negative value
* implies no limit
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String[] split(final String str, final char sep, final int max) {
return splitWorker(str, sep, max, false);
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array with a maximum length, separators specified.
*
*
* The separator is not included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are treated
* as one separator.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. A {@code null} sepChars splits on
* whitespace.
*
*
* If more than {@code max} delimited substrings are found, the last returned string includes
* all characters after the first {@code max - 1} returned strings (including separator
* characters).
*
*
*
* Strings.split(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.split("", *, *) = []
* Strings.split("ab cd ef", null, 0) = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.split("ab cd ef", null, 0) = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.split("ab:cd:ef", ":", 0) = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.split("ab:cd:ef", ":", 2) = ["ab", "cd:ef"]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be null
* @param sepChars the characters used as the delimiters, {@code null} splits on
* whitespace
* @param max the maximum number of elements to include in the array. A zero or negative value
* implies no limit
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String[] split(final String str, final String sepChars, final int max) {
return splitWorker(str, sepChars, max, false);
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array, separator string specified.
*
*
* The separator(s) will not be included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are
* treated as one separator.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. A {@code null} separator splits on
* whitespace.
*
*
*
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator(null, *) = null
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator("", *) = []
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator("ab de fg", null) = ["ab", "de", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator("ab de fg", null) = ["ab", "de", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator("ab:cd:ef", ":") = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator("ab-!-cd-!-ef", "-!-") = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be null
* @param separator String containing the String to be used as a delimiter, {@code null} splits
* on whitespace
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String was input
*/
public static String[] splitByWholeSeparator(final String str, final String separator) {
return splitByWholeSeparatorWorker(str, separator, -1, false);
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array, separator string specified. Returns a maximum of
* {@code max} substrings.
*
*
* The separator(s) will not be included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are
* treated as one separator.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. A {@code null} separator splits on
* whitespace.
*
*
*
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator("", *, *) = []
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator("ab de fg", null, 0) = ["ab", "de", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator("ab de fg", null, 0) = ["ab", "de", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator("ab:cd:ef", ":", 2) = ["ab", "cd:ef"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator("ab-!-cd-!-ef", "-!-", 5) = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparator("ab-!-cd-!-ef", "-!-", 2) = ["ab", "cd-!-ef"]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be null
* @param separator String containing the String to be used as a delimiter, {@code null} splits
* on whitespace
* @param max the maximum number of elements to include in the returned array. A zero or
* negative value implies no limit.
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String was input
*/
public static String[] splitByWholeSeparator(final String str, final String separator, final int max) {
return splitByWholeSeparatorWorker(str, separator, max, false);
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array, separator string specified.
*
*
* The separator is not included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are treated
* as separators for empty tokens. For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. A {@code null} separator splits on
* whitespace.
*
*
*
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(null, *) = null
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens("", *) = []
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens("ab de fg", null) = ["ab", "de", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens("ab de fg", null) = ["ab", "", "", "de", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens("ab:cd:ef", ":") = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens("ab-!-cd-!-ef", "-!-") = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be null
* @param separator String containing the String to be used as a delimiter, {@code null} splits
* on whitespace
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String was input
*/
public static String[] splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(final String str, final String separator) {
return splitByWholeSeparatorWorker(str, separator, -1, true);
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array, separator string specified. Returns a maximum of
* {@code max} substrings.
*
*
* The separator is not included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are treated
* as separators for empty tokens. For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. A {@code null} separator splits on
* whitespace.
*
*
*
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens("", *, *) = []
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens("ab de fg", null, 0) = ["ab", "de", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens("ab de fg", null, 0) = ["ab", "", "", "de", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens("ab:cd:ef", ":", 2) = ["ab", "cd:ef"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens("ab-!-cd-!-ef", "-!-", 5) = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens("ab-!-cd-!-ef", "-!-", 2) = ["ab", "cd-!-ef"]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be null
* @param separator String containing the String to be used as a delimiter, {@code null} splits
* on whitespace
* @param max the maximum number of elements to include in the returned array. A zero or
* negative value implies no limit.
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String was input
*/
public static String[] splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens(final String str, final String separator,
final int max) {
return splitByWholeSeparatorWorker(str, separator, max, true);
}
/**
* Performs the logic for the {@code splitByWholeSeparatorPreserveAllTokens} methods.
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be {@code null}
* @param separator String containing the String to be used as a delimiter, {@code null} splits
* on whitespace
* @param max the maximum number of elements to include in the returned array. A zero or
* negative value implies no limit.
* @param preserveAllTokens if {@code true}, adjacent separators are treated as empty token
* separators; if {@code false}, adjacent separators are treated as one separator.
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
private static String[] splitByWholeSeparatorWorker(final String str, final String separator, final int max,
final boolean preserveAllTokens) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
final int len = str.length();
if (len == 0) {
return Arrays.EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
}
if (separator == null || EMPTY.equals(separator)) {
// Split on whitespace.
return splitWorker(str, null, max, preserveAllTokens);
}
final int separatorLength = separator.length();
final ArrayList substrings = new ArrayList();
int numberOfSubstrings = 0;
int beg = 0;
int end = 0;
while (end < len) {
end = str.indexOf(separator, beg);
if (end > -1) {
if (end > beg) {
numberOfSubstrings += 1;
if (numberOfSubstrings == max) {
end = len;
substrings.add(str.substring(beg));
}
else {
// The following is OK, because String.substring( beg, end ) excludes
// the character at the position 'end'.
substrings.add(str.substring(beg, end));
// Set the starting point for the next search.
// The following is equivalent to beg = end + (separatorLength - 1) + 1,
// which is the right calculation:
beg = end + separatorLength;
}
}
else {
// We found a consecutive occurrence of the separator, so skip it.
if (preserveAllTokens) {
numberOfSubstrings += 1;
if (numberOfSubstrings == max) {
end = len;
substrings.add(str.substring(beg));
}
else {
substrings.add(EMPTY);
}
}
beg = end + separatorLength;
}
}
else {
// String.substring( beg ) goes from 'beg' to the end of the String.
substrings.add(str.substring(beg));
end = len;
}
}
return substrings.toArray(new String[substrings.size()]);
}
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array, using whitespace as the separator, preserving all
* tokens, including empty tokens created by adjacent separators. This is an alternative to
* using StringTokenizer. Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
*
*
* The separator is not included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are treated
* as separators for empty tokens. For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens(null) = null
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("") = []
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("abc def") = ["abc", "def"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("abc def") = ["abc", "", "def"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens(" abc ") = ["", "abc", ""]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be {@code null}
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(final String str) {
return splitWorker(str, null, -1, true);
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array, separator specified, preserving all tokens, including
* empty tokens created by adjacent separators. This is an alternative to using StringTokenizer.
*
*
* The separator is not included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are treated
* as separators for empty tokens. For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens(null, *) = null
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("", *) = []
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("a.b.c", '.') = ["a", "b", "c"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("a..b.c", '.') = ["a", "", "b", "c"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("a:b:c", '.') = ["a:b:c"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("a\tb\nc", null) = ["a", "b", "c"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("a b c", ' ') = ["a", "b", "c"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("a b c ", ' ') = ["a", "b", "c", ""]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("a b c ", ' ') = ["a", "b", "c", "", ""]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens(" a b c", ' ') = ["", a", "b", "c"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens(" a b c", ' ') = ["", "", a", "b", "c"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens(" a b c ", ' ') = ["", a", "b", "c", ""]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be {@code null}
* @param sep the character used as the delimiter
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(final String str, final char sep) {
return splitWorker(str, sep, -1, true);
}
/**
* Performs the logic for the {@code split} and {@code splitPreserveAllTokens} methods that do
* not return a maximum array length.
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be {@code null}
* @param sep the separate character
* @param max the maximum number of elements to include in the array. A zero or negative value
* implies no limit.
* @param preserveAllTokens if {@code true}, adjacent separators are treated as empty token
* separators; if {@code false}, adjacent separators are treated as one separator.
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
private static String[] splitWorker(final String str, final char sep, final int max, final boolean preserveAllTokens) {
// Performance tuned for 2.0 (JDK1.4)
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
final int len = str.length();
if (len == 0) {
return Arrays.EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
}
final List list = new ArrayList();
int i = 0, start = 0;
int sizePlus1 = 1;
boolean match = false;
boolean lastMatch = false;
while (i < len) {
if (str.charAt(i) == sep) {
if (match || preserveAllTokens) {
lastMatch = true;
if (sizePlus1++ == max) {
i = len;
lastMatch = false;
}
list.add(str.substring(start, i));
match = false;
}
start = ++i;
continue;
}
lastMatch = false;
match = true;
i++;
}
if (match || preserveAllTokens && lastMatch) {
list.add(str.substring(start, i));
}
return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array, separators specified, preserving all tokens,
* including empty tokens created by adjacent separators. This is an alternative to using
* StringTokenizer.
*
*
* The separator is not included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are treated
* as separators for empty tokens. For more control over the split use the StrTokenizer class.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. A {@code null} sepChars splits on
* whitespace.
*
*
*
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens(null, *) = null
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("", *) = []
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("abc def", null) = ["abc", "def"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("abc def", " ") = ["abc", "def"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("abc def", " ") = ["abc", "", def"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab:cd:ef", ":") = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab:cd:ef:", ":") = ["ab", "cd", "ef", ""]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab:cd:ef::", ":") = ["ab", "cd", "ef", "", ""]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab::cd:ef", ":") = ["ab", "", cd", "ef"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens(":cd:ef", ":") = ["", cd", "ef"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("::cd:ef", ":") = ["", "", cd", "ef"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens(":cd:ef:", ":") = ["", cd", "ef", ""]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be {@code null}
* @param sepChars the characters used as the delimiters, {@code null} splits on
* whitespace
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(final String str, final String sepChars) {
return splitWorker(str, sepChars, -1, true);
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array with a maximum length, separators specified,
* preserving all tokens, including empty tokens created by adjacent separators.
*
*
* The separator is not included in the returned String array. Adjacent separators are treated
* as separators for empty tokens. Adjacent separators are treated as one separator.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}. A {@code null} sepChars splits on
* whitespace.
*
*
* If more than {@code max} delimited substrings are found, the last returned string includes
* all characters after the first {@code max - 1} returned strings (including separator
* characters).
*
*
*
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("", *, *) = []
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab de fg", null, 0) = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab de fg", null, 0) = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab:cd:ef", ":", 0) = ["ab", "cd", "ef"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab:cd:ef", ":", 2) = ["ab", "cd:ef"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab de fg", null, 2) = ["ab", " de fg"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab de fg", null, 3) = ["ab", "", " de fg"]
* Strings.splitPreserveAllTokens("ab de fg", null, 4) = ["ab", "", "", "de fg"]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be {@code null}
* @param sepChars the characters used as the delimiters, {@code null} splits on
* whitespace
* @param max the maximum number of elements to include in the array. A zero or negative value
* implies no limit
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String[] splitPreserveAllTokens(final String str, final String sepChars, final int max) {
return splitWorker(str, sepChars, max, true);
}
/**
* Performs the logic for the {@code split} and {@code splitPreserveAllTokens} methods that
* return a maximum array length.
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be {@code null}
* @param sepChars the separate character
* @param max the maximum number of elements to include in the array. A zero or negative value
* implies no limit.
* @param preserveAllTokens if {@code true}, adjacent separators are treated as empty token
* separators; if {@code false}, adjacent separators are treated as one separator.
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
private static String[] splitWorker(final String str, final String sepChars, final int max,
final boolean preserveAllTokens) {
// Performance tuned for 2.0 (JDK1.4)
// Direct code is quicker than StringTokenizer.
// Also, StringTokenizer uses isSpace() not isWhitespace()
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
final int len = str.length();
if (len == 0) {
return Arrays.EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
}
if (sepChars != null && sepChars.length() == 1) {
// Optimize 1 character case
return splitWorker(str, sepChars.charAt(0), max, preserveAllTokens);
}
final List list = new ArrayList();
int sizePlus1 = 1;
int i = 0, start = 0;
boolean match = false;
boolean lastMatch = false;
if (sepChars == null) {
// Null separator means use whitespace
while (i < len) {
if (Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(i))) {
if (match || preserveAllTokens) {
lastMatch = true;
if (sizePlus1++ == max) {
i = len;
lastMatch = false;
}
list.add(str.substring(start, i));
match = false;
}
start = ++i;
continue;
}
lastMatch = false;
match = true;
i++;
}
}
else {
// standard case
while (i < len) {
if (sepChars.indexOf(str.charAt(i)) >= 0) {
if (match || preserveAllTokens) {
lastMatch = true;
if (sizePlus1++ == max) {
i = len;
lastMatch = false;
}
list.add(str.substring(start, i));
match = false;
}
start = ++i;
continue;
}
lastMatch = false;
match = true;
i++;
}
}
if (match || preserveAllTokens && lastMatch) {
list.add(str.substring(start, i));
}
return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
}
/**
*
* Splits a String by Character type as returned by {@code java.lang.Character.getType(char)}.
* Groups of contiguous characters of the same type are returned as complete tokens.
*
*
* Strings.splitByCharacterType(null) = null
* Strings.splitByCharacterType("") = []
* Strings.splitByCharacterType("ab de fg") = ["ab", " ", "de", " ", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterType("ab de fg") = ["ab", " ", "de", " ", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterType("ab:cd:ef") = ["ab", ":", "cd", ":", "ef"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterType("number5") = ["number", "5"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterType("fooBar") = ["foo", "B", "ar"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterType("foo200Bar") = ["foo", "200", "B", "ar"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterType("ASFRules") = ["ASFR", "ules"]
*
*
* @param str the String to split, may be {@code null}
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String[] splitByCharacterType(final String str) {
return splitByCharacterType(str, false);
}
/**
*
* Splits a String by Character type as returned by {@code java.lang.Character.getType(char)}.
* Groups of contiguous characters of the same type are returned as complete tokens, with the
* following exception: the character of type {@code Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER}, if any,
* immediately preceding a token of type {@code Character.LOWERCASE_LETTER} will belong to the
* following token rather than to the preceding, if any, {@code Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER}
* token.
*
*
* Strings.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase(null) = null
* Strings.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("") = []
* Strings.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("ab de fg") = ["ab", " ", "de", " ", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("ab de fg") = ["ab", " ", "de", " ", "fg"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("ab:cd:ef") = ["ab", ":", "cd", ":", "ef"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("number5") = ["number", "5"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("fooBar") = ["foo", "Bar"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("foo200Bar") = ["foo", "200", "Bar"]
* Strings.splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase("ASFRules") = ["ASF", "Rules"]
*
*
* @param str the String to split, may be {@code null}
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String[] splitByCharacterTypeCamelCase(final String str) {
return splitByCharacterType(str, true);
}
/**
*
* Splits a String by Character type as returned by {@code java.lang.Character.getType(char)}.
* Groups of contiguous characters of the same type are returned as complete tokens, with the
* following exception: if {@code camelCase} is {@code true}, the character of type
* {@code Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER}, if any, immediately preceding a token of type
* {@code Character.LOWERCASE_LETTER} will belong to the following token rather than to the
* preceding, if any, {@code Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER} token.
*
* @param str the String to split, may be {@code null}
* @param camelCase whether to use so-called "camel-case" for letter types
* @return an array of parsed Strings, {@code null} if null String input
*/
private static String[] splitByCharacterType(final String str, final boolean camelCase) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
if (str.length() == 0) {
return Arrays.EMPTY_STRING_ARRAY;
}
final char[] c = str.toCharArray();
final List list = new ArrayList();
int tokenStart = 0;
int currentType = Character.getType(c[tokenStart]);
for (int pos = tokenStart + 1; pos < c.length; pos++) {
final int type = Character.getType(c[pos]);
if (type == currentType) {
continue;
}
if (camelCase && type == Character.LOWERCASE_LETTER && currentType == Character.UPPERCASE_LETTER) {
final int newTokenStart = pos - 1;
if (newTokenStart != tokenStart) {
list.add(new String(c, tokenStart, newTokenStart - tokenStart));
tokenStart = newTokenStart;
}
}
else {
list.add(new String(c, tokenStart, pos - tokenStart));
tokenStart = pos;
}
currentType = type;
}
list.add(new String(c, tokenStart, c.length - tokenStart));
return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
}
// Joining
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No separator is added to the joined String. Null objects or empty strings within the array
* are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null) = null
* Strings.join([]) = ""
* Strings.join([null]) = ""
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"]) = "abc"
* Strings.join([null, "", "a"]) = "a"
*
*
* @param the specific type of values to join together
* @param elements the values to join together, may be null
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
@SafeVarargs
public static String join(final T... elements) {
if (elements != null && elements.length == 1 && elements instanceof Object[]) {
return join((Object[])elements, null);
}
return join(elements, null);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], ';') = "a;b;c"
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], null) = "abc"
* Strings.join([null, "", "a"], ';') = ";;a"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final Object[] array, final char separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final long[] array, final char separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final int[] array, final char separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final short[] array, final char separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final byte[] array, final char separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final char[] array, final char separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final float[] array, final char separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final double[] array, final char separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], ';') = "a;b;c"
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], null) = "abc"
* Strings.join([null, "", "a"], ';') = ";;a"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final Object[] array, final char separator, final int startIndex, final int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
final int noOfItems = endIndex - startIndex;
if (noOfItems <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(noOfItems * 16);
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
buf.append(separator);
}
if (array[i] != null) {
buf.append(array[i]);
}
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final long[] array, final char separator, final int startIndex, final int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
final int noOfItems = endIndex - startIndex;
if (noOfItems <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(noOfItems * 16);
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
buf.append(separator);
}
buf.append(array[i]);
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final int[] array, final char separator, final int startIndex, final int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
final int noOfItems = endIndex - startIndex;
if (noOfItems <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(noOfItems * 16);
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
buf.append(separator);
}
buf.append(array[i]);
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final byte[] array, final char separator, final int startIndex, final int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
final int noOfItems = endIndex - startIndex;
if (noOfItems <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(noOfItems * 16);
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
buf.append(separator);
}
buf.append(array[i]);
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final short[] array, final char separator, final int startIndex, final int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
final int noOfItems = endIndex - startIndex;
if (noOfItems <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(noOfItems * 16);
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
buf.append(separator);
}
buf.append(array[i]);
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final char[] array, final char separator, final int startIndex, final int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
final int noOfItems = endIndex - startIndex;
if (noOfItems <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(noOfItems * 16);
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
buf.append(separator);
}
buf.append(array[i]);
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final double[] array, final char separator, final int startIndex, final int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
final int noOfItems = endIndex - startIndex;
if (noOfItems <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(noOfItems * 16);
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
buf.append(separator);
}
buf.append(array[i]);
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* array are represented by empty strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], ';') = "1;2;3"
* Strings.join([1, 2, 3], null) = "123"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final float[] array, final char separator, final int startIndex, final int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
final int noOfItems = endIndex - startIndex;
if (noOfItems <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(noOfItems * 16);
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
buf.append(separator);
}
buf.append(array[i]);
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A {@code null} separator is the same as an
* empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *) = ""
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], "--") = "a--b--c"
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], null) = "abc"
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], "") = "abc"
* Strings.join([null, "", "a"], ',') = ",,a"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input
*/
public static String join(final Object[] array, final String separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A {@code null} separator is the same as an
* empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.join(null, *, *, *) = null
* Strings.join([], *, *, *) = ""
* Strings.join([null], *, *, *) = ""
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], "--", 0, 3) = "a--b--c"
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], "--", 1, 3) = "b--c"
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], "--", 2, 3) = "c"
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], "--", 2, 2) = ""
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], null, 0, 3) = "abc"
* Strings.join(["a", "b", "c"], "", 0, 3) = "abc"
* Strings.join([null, "", "a"], ',', 0, 3) = ",,a"
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from.
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive).
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null array input; or the empty string if
* {@code endIndex - startIndex <= 0}. The number of joined entries is given by
* {@code endIndex - startIndex}
* @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ife
* {@code startIndex < 0} or
* {@code startIndex >= array.length()} or
* {@code endIndex < 0} or
* {@code endIndex > array.length()}
*/
public static String join(final Object[] array, String separator, final int startIndex, final int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
if (separator == null) {
separator = EMPTY;
}
// endIndex - startIndex > 0: Len = NofStrings *(len(firstString) + len(separator))
// (Assuming that all Strings are roughly equally long)
final int noOfItems = endIndex - startIndex;
if (noOfItems <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(noOfItems * 16);
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
buf.append(separator);
}
if (array[i] != null) {
buf.append(array[i]);
}
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided {@code Iterator} into a single String containing the
* provided elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* iteration are represented by empty strings.
*
*
* See the examples here: {@link #join(Object[],char)}.
*
*
* @param iterator the {@code Iterator} of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null iterator input
*/
public static String join(final Iterator iterator, final char separator) {
// handle null, zero and one elements before building a buffer
if (iterator == null) {
return null;
}
if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
return EMPTY;
}
final Object first = iterator.next();
if (!iterator.hasNext()) {
return Objects.toString(first);
}
// two or more elements
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(256); // Java default is 16, probably too small
if (first != null) {
buf.append(first);
}
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
buf.append(separator);
final Object obj = iterator.next();
if (obj != null) {
buf.append(obj);
}
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided {@code Iterable} into a single String containing the
* provided elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. Null objects or empty strings within the
* iteration are represented by empty strings.
*
*
* See the examples here: {@link #join(Object[],char)}.
*
*
* @param iterable the {@code Iterable} providing the values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null iterator input
*/
public static String join(final Iterable iterable, final char separator) {
if (iterable == null) {
return null;
}
return join(iterable.iterator(), separator);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided {@code Iterable} into a single String containing the
* provided elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A {@code null} separator is the same as an
* empty String ("").
*
*
* See the examples here: {@link #join(Object[],String)}.
*
*
* @param iterable the {@code Iterable} providing the values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @return the joined String, {@code null} if null iterator input
*/
public static String join(final Iterable iterable, final String separator) {
if (iterable == null) {
return null;
}
return join(iterable.iterator(), separator);
}
// Delete
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Deletes all whitespaces from a String as defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.deleteWhitespace(null) = null
* Strings.deleteWhitespace("") = ""
* Strings.deleteWhitespace("abc") = "abc"
* Strings.deleteWhitespace(" ab c ") = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to delete whitespace from, may be null
* @return the String without whitespaces, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String deleteWhitespace(final String str) {
if (isEmpty(str)) {
return str;
}
final int sz = str.length();
final char[] chs = new char[sz];
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (!Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(i))) {
chs[count++] = str.charAt(i);
}
}
if (count == sz) {
return str;
}
return new String(chs, 0, count);
}
// Remove
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Removes a substring only if it is at the beginning of a source string, otherwise returns the
* source string.
*
*
* A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}. An empty ("") source string will
* return the empty string. A {@code null} search string will return the source string.
*
*
*
* Strings.removeStart(null, *) = null
* Strings.removeStart("", *) = ""
* Strings.removeStart(*, null) = *
* Strings.removeStart("www.domain.com", "www.") = "domain.com"
* Strings.removeStart("domain.com", "www.") = "domain.com"
* Strings.removeStart("www.domain.com", "domain") = "www.domain.com"
* Strings.removeStart("abc", "") = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the source String to search, may be null
* @param remove the String to search for and remove, may be null
* @return the substring with the string removed if found, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String removeStart(final String str, final String remove) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(remove)) {
return str;
}
if (str.startsWith(remove)) {
return str.substring(remove.length());
}
return str;
}
/**
*
* Case insensitive removal of a substring if it is at the beginning of a source string,
* otherwise returns the source string.
*
*
* A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}. An empty ("") source string will
* return the empty string. A {@code null} search string will return the source string.
*
*
*
* Strings.removeStartIgnoreCase(null, *) = null
* Strings.removeStartIgnoreCase("", *) = ""
* Strings.removeStartIgnoreCase(*, null) = *
* Strings.removeStartIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", "www.") = "domain.com"
* Strings.removeStartIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", "WWW.") = "domain.com"
* Strings.removeStartIgnoreCase("domain.com", "www.") = "domain.com"
* Strings.removeStartIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", "domain") = "www.domain.com"
* Strings.removeStartIgnoreCase("abc", "") = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the source String to search, may be null
* @param remove the String to search for (case insensitive) and remove, may be null
* @return the substring with the string removed if found, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String removeStartIgnoreCase(final String str, final String remove) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(remove)) {
return str;
}
if (startsWithIgnoreCase(str, remove)) {
return str.substring(remove.length());
}
return str;
}
/**
*
* Removes a substring only if it is at the end of a source string, otherwise returns the source
* string.
*
*
* A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}. An empty ("") source string will
* return the empty string. A {@code null} search string will return the source string.
*
*
*
* Strings.removeEnd(null, *) = null
* Strings.removeEnd("", *) = ""
* Strings.removeEnd(*, null) = *
* Strings.removeEnd("www.domain.com", ".com.") = "www.domain.com"
* Strings.removeEnd("www.domain.com", ".com") = "www.domain"
* Strings.removeEnd("www.domain.com", "domain") = "www.domain.com"
* Strings.removeEnd("abc", "") = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the source String to search, may be null
* @param remove the String to search for and remove, may be null
* @return the substring with the string removed if found, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String removeEnd(final String str, final String remove) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(remove)) {
return str;
}
if (str.endsWith(remove)) {
return str.substring(0, str.length() - remove.length());
}
return str;
}
/**
*
* Case insensitive removal of a substring if it is at the end of a source string, otherwise
* returns the source string.
*
*
* A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}. An empty ("") source string will
* return the empty string. A {@code null} search string will return the source string.
*
*
*
* Strings.removeEndIgnoreCase(null, *) = null
* Strings.removeEndIgnoreCase("", *) = ""
* Strings.removeEndIgnoreCase(*, null) = *
* Strings.removeEndIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", ".com.") = "www.domain.com"
* Strings.removeEndIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", ".com") = "www.domain"
* Strings.removeEndIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", "domain") = "www.domain.com"
* Strings.removeEndIgnoreCase("abc", "") = "abc"
* Strings.removeEndIgnoreCase("www.domain.com", ".COM") = "www.domain")
* Strings.removeEndIgnoreCase("www.domain.COM", ".com") = "www.domain")
*
*
* @param str the source String to search, may be null
* @param remove the String to search for (case insensitive) and remove, may be null
* @return the substring with the string removed if found, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String removeEndIgnoreCase(final String str, final String remove) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(remove)) {
return str;
}
if (endsWithIgnoreCase(str, remove)) {
return str.substring(0, str.length() - remove.length());
}
return str;
}
/**
*
* Removes all occurrences of a substring from within the source string.
*
*
* A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}. An empty ("") source string will
* return the empty string. A {@code null} remove string will return the source string. An empty
* ("") remove string will return the source string.
*
*
*
* Strings.remove(null, *) = null
* Strings.remove("", *) = ""
* Strings.remove(*, null) = *
* Strings.remove(*, "") = *
* Strings.remove("queued", "ue") = "qd"
* Strings.remove("queued", "zz") = "queued"
*
*
* @param str the source String to search, may be null
* @param remove the String to search for and remove, may be null
* @return the substring with the string removed if found, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String remove(final String str, final String remove) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(remove)) {
return str;
}
return replace(str, remove, EMPTY, -1);
}
/**
*
* Removes all occurrences of a character from within the source string.
*
*
* A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}. An empty ("") source string will
* return the empty string.
*
*
*
* Strings.remove(null, *) = null
* Strings.remove("", *) = ""
* Strings.remove("queued", 'u') = "qeed"
* Strings.remove("queued", 'z') = "queued"
*
*
* @param str the source String to search, may be null
* @param remove the char to search for and remove, may be null
* @return the substring with the char removed if found, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String remove(final String str, final char remove) {
if (isEmpty(str) || str.indexOf(remove) == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return str;
}
final char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
int pos = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
if (chars[i] != remove) {
chars[pos++] = chars[i];
}
}
return new String(chars, 0, pos);
}
/**
*
* Removes all occurrences of characters from within the source string.
*
*
* A {@code null} source string will return {@code null}. An empty ("") source string will
* return the empty string.
*
*
*
* Strings.removeChars(null, *) = null
* Strings.removeChars("", *) = ""
* Strings.removeChars("queued", "qe") = "uud"
* Strings.removeChars("queued", 'z') = "queued"
*
*
* @param str the source String to search, may be null
* @param remove the chars to search for and remove, may be null
* @return the substring with the chars removed if found, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String removeChars(final String str, final String remove) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(remove)) {
return str;
}
final char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
int pos = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
if (remove.indexOf(chars[i]) == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
chars[pos++] = chars[i];
}
}
return new String(chars, 0, pos);
}
/**
* remove symbols `~!@#$%^&*()-_=+[]{}\|;:'",<.>/?
* @param str the string
* @return string
*/
public static String removeSymbols(final String str) {
return removeChars(str, SYMBOLS);
}
// StringBuilder
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
public static void removeStart(final StringBuilder sb) {
removeStart(sb, '\0');
}
public static void removeStart(final StringBuilder sb, final char chr) {
if (sb == null) {
return;
}
int strLen = sb.length();
if (strLen == 0) {
return;
}
int start = 0;
if (chr == 0) {
while (start != strLen && Chars.isSpace(sb.charAt(start))) {
start++;
}
}
else {
while (start != strLen && chr == sb.charAt(start)) {
start++;
}
}
sb.delete(0, start);
return;
}
public static void removeEnd(final StringBuilder sb) {
removeEnd(sb, '\0');
}
public static void removeEnd(final StringBuilder sb, final char chr) {
if (sb == null) {
return;
}
int end = sb.length();
if (end == 0) {
return;
}
if (chr == 0) {
while (end != 0 && Chars.isSpace(sb.charAt(end - 1))) {
end--;
}
}
else {
while (end != 0 && chr == sb.charAt(end - 1)) {
end--;
}
}
sb.setLength(end);
return;
}
// Replacing
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Replaces a String with another String inside a larger String, once.
*
*
* A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op.
*
*
*
* Strings.replaceOnce(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.replaceOnce("", *, *) = ""
* Strings.replaceOnce("any", null, *) = "any"
* Strings.replaceOnce("any", *, null) = "any"
* Strings.replaceOnce("any", "", *) = "any"
* Strings.replaceOnce("aba", "a", null) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceOnce("aba", "a", "") = "ba"
* Strings.replaceOnce("aba", "a", "z") = "zba"
*
*
* @see #replace(String text, String searchString, String replacement, int max)
* @param text text to search and replace in, may be null
* @param searchString the String to search for, may be null
* @param replacement the String to replace with, may be null
* @return the text with any replacements processed, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String replaceOnce(final String text, final String searchString, final String replacement) {
return replace(text, searchString, replacement, 1);
}
/**
* Replaces each substring of the source String that matches the given regular expression with
* the given replacement using the {@link Pattern#DOTALL} option. DOTALL is also know as
* single-line mode in Perl. This call is also equivalent to:
*
* - {@code source.replaceAll("(?s)" + regex, replacement)}
* - {@code Pattern.compile(regex, Pattern.DOTALL).matcher(source).replaceAll(replacement)}
*
*
* @param source the source string
* @param regex the regular expression to which this string is to be matched
* @param replacement the string to be substituted for each match
* @return The resulting {@code String}
* @see String#replaceAll(String, String)
* @see Pattern#DOTALL
*/
public static String replacePattern(final String source, final String regex, final String replacement) {
return Pattern.compile(regex, Pattern.DOTALL).matcher(source).replaceAll(replacement);
}
/**
* Removes each substring of the source String that matches the given regular expression using
* the DOTALL option.
*
* @param source the source string
* @param regex the regular expression to which this string is to be matched
* @return The resulting {@code String}
* @see String#replaceAll(String, String)
* @see Pattern#DOTALL
*/
public static String removePattern(final String source, final String regex) {
return replacePattern(source, regex, Strings.EMPTY);
}
/**
*
* Replaces all occurrences of a String within another String.
*
*
* A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op.
*
*
*
* Strings.replace(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.replace("", *, *) = ""
* Strings.replace("any", null, *) = "any"
* Strings.replace("any", *, null) = "any"
* Strings.replace("any", "", *) = "any"
* Strings.replace("aba", "a", null) = "aba"
* Strings.replace("aba", "a", "") = "b"
* Strings.replace("aba", "a", "z") = "zbz"
*
*
* @see #replace(String text, String searchString, String replacement, int max)
* @param text text to search and replace in, may be null
* @param searchString the String to search for, may be null
* @param replacement the String to replace it with, may be null
* @return the text with any replacements processed, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String replace(final String text, final String searchString, final String replacement) {
return replace(text, searchString, replacement, -1);
}
/**
*
* Replaces a String with another String inside a larger String, for the first {@code max}
* values of the search String.
*
*
* A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op.
*
*
*
* Strings.replace(null, *, *, *) = null
* Strings.replace("", *, *, *) = ""
* Strings.replace("any", null, *, *) = "any"
* Strings.replace("any", *, null, *) = "any"
* Strings.replace("any", "", *, *) = "any"
* Strings.replace("any", *, *, 0) = "any"
* Strings.replace("abaa", "a", null, -1) = "abaa"
* Strings.replace("abaa", "a", "", -1) = "b"
* Strings.replace("abaa", "a", "z", 0) = "abaa"
* Strings.replace("abaa", "a", "z", 1) = "zbaa"
* Strings.replace("abaa", "a", "z", 2) = "zbza"
* Strings.replace("abaa", "a", "z", -1) = "zbzz"
*
*
* @param text text to search and replace in, may be null
* @param searchString the String to search for, may be null
* @param replacement the String to replace it with, may be null
* @param max maximum number of values to replace, or {@code -1} if no maximum
* @return the text with any replacements processed, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String replace(final String text, final String searchString, final String replacement, int max) {
if (isEmpty(text) || isEmpty(searchString) || replacement == null || max == 0) {
return text;
}
int start = 0;
int end = text.indexOf(searchString, start);
if (end == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return text;
}
final int replLength = searchString.length();
int increase = replacement.length() - replLength;
increase = increase < 0 ? 0 : increase;
increase *= max < 0 ? 16 : max > 64 ? 64 : max;
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(text.length() + increase);
while (end != INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
buf.append(text.substring(start, end)).append(replacement);
start = end + replLength;
if (--max == 0) {
break;
}
end = text.indexOf(searchString, start);
}
buf.append(text.substring(start));
return buf.toString();
}
/**
*
* Replaces all occurrences of Strings within another String.
*
*
* A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op, or if any "search string" or
* "string to replace" is null, that replace will be ignored. This will not repeat. For
* repeating replaces, call the overloaded method.
*
*
*
* Strings.replaceEach(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.replaceEach("", *, *) = ""
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", null, null) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[0], null) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", null, new String[0]) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{"a"}, null) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{"a"}, new String[]{""}) = "b"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{null}, new String[]{"a"}) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"w", "t"}) = "wcte"
* (example of how it does not repeat)
* Strings.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "t"}) = "dcte"
*
*
* @param text text to search and replace in, no-op if null
* @param searchList the Strings to search for, no-op if null
* @param replacementList the Strings to replace them with, no-op if null
* @return the text with any replacements processed, {@code null} if null String input
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the lengths of the arrays are not the same (null is ok,
* and/or size 0)
*/
public static String replaceEach(final String text, final String[] searchList, final String[] replacementList) {
return replaceEach(text, searchList, replacementList, false, 0);
}
/**
*
* Replaces all occurrences of Strings within another String.
*
*
* A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op, or if any "search string" or
* "string to replace" is null, that replace will be ignored.
*
*
*
* Strings.replaceEach(null, *, *, *) = null
* Strings.replaceEach("", *, *, *) = ""
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", null, null, *) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[0], null, *) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", null, new String[0], *) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{"a"}, null, *) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{"a"}, new String[]{""}, *) = "b"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{null}, new String[]{"a"}, *) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"w", "t"}, *) = "wcte"
* (example of how it repeats)
* Strings.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "t"}, false) = "dcte"
* Strings.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "t"}, true) = "tcte"
* Strings.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "ab"}, true) = IllegalStateException
* Strings.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "ab"}, false) = "dcabe"
*
*
* @param text text to search and replace in, no-op if null
* @param searchList the Strings to search for, no-op if null
* @param replacementList the Strings to replace them with, no-op if null
* @return the text with any replacements processed, {@code null} if null String input
* @throws IllegalStateException if the search is repeating and there is an endless loop due to
* outputs of one being inputs to another
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the lengths of the arrays are not the same (null is ok,
* and/or size 0)
*/
public static String replaceEachRepeatedly(final String text, final String[] searchList,
final String[] replacementList) {
// timeToLive should be 0 if not used or nothing to replace, else it's
// the length of the replace array
final int timeToLive = searchList == null ? 0 : searchList.length;
return replaceEach(text, searchList, replacementList, true, timeToLive);
}
/**
*
* Replaces all occurrences of Strings within another String.
*
*
* A {@code null} reference passed to this method is a no-op, or if any "search string" or
* "string to replace" is null, that replace will be ignored.
*
*
*
* Strings.replaceEach(null, *, *, *) = null
* Strings.replaceEach("", *, *, *) = ""
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", null, null, *) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[0], null, *) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", null, new String[0], *) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{"a"}, null, *) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{"a"}, new String[]{""}, *) = "b"
* Strings.replaceEach("aba", new String[]{null}, new String[]{"a"}, *) = "aba"
* Strings.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"w", "t"}, *) = "wcte"
* (example of how it repeats)
* Strings.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "t"}, false) = "dcte"
* Strings.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "t"}, true) = "tcte"
* Strings.replaceEach("abcde", new String[]{"ab", "d"}, new String[]{"d", "ab"}, *) = IllegalStateException
*
*
* @param text text to search and replace in, no-op if null
* @param searchList the Strings to search for, no-op if null
* @param replacementList the Strings to replace them with, no-op if null
* @param repeat if true, then replace repeatedly until there are no more possible replacements
* or timeToLive < 0
* @param timeToLive if less than 0 then there is a circular reference and endless loop
* @return the text with any replacements processed, {@code null} if null String input
* @throws IllegalStateException if the search is repeating and there is an endless loop due to
* outputs of one being inputs to another
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the lengths of the arrays are not the same (null is ok,
* and/or size 0)
*/
private static String replaceEach(final String text, final String[] searchList, final String[] replacementList,
final boolean repeat, final int timeToLive) {
// mchyzer Performance note: This creates very few new objects (one major goal)
// let me know if there are performance requests, we can create a harness to measure
if (text == null || text.length() == 0 || searchList == null || searchList.length == 0
|| replacementList == null || replacementList.length == 0) {
return text;
}
// if recursing, this shouldn't be less than 0
if (timeToLive < 0) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Aborting to protect against StackOverflowError - "
+ "output of one loop is the input of another");
}
final int searchLength = searchList.length;
final int replacementLength = replacementList.length;
// make sure lengths are ok, these need to be equal
if (searchLength != replacementLength) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Search and Replace array lengths don't match: " + searchLength + " vs "
+ replacementLength);
}
// keep track of which still have matches
final boolean[] noMoreMatchesForReplIndex = new boolean[searchLength];
// index on index that the match was found
int textIndex = -1;
int replaceIndex = -1;
int tempIndex = -1;
// index of replace array that will replace the search string found
// NOTE: logic duplicated below START
for (int i = 0; i < searchLength; i++) {
if (noMoreMatchesForReplIndex[i] || searchList[i] == null || searchList[i].length() == 0
|| replacementList[i] == null) {
continue;
}
tempIndex = text.indexOf(searchList[i]);
// see if we need to keep searching for this
if (tempIndex == -1) {
noMoreMatchesForReplIndex[i] = true;
}
else {
if (textIndex == -1 || tempIndex < textIndex) {
textIndex = tempIndex;
replaceIndex = i;
}
}
}
// NOTE: logic mostly below END
// no search strings found, we are done
if (textIndex == -1) {
return text;
}
int start = 0;
// get a good guess on the size of the result buffer so it doesn't have to double if it goes
// over a bit
int increase = 0;
// count the replacement text elements that are larger than their corresponding text being
// replaced
for (int i = 0; i < searchList.length; i++) {
if (searchList[i] == null || replacementList[i] == null) {
continue;
}
final int greater = replacementList[i].length() - searchList[i].length();
if (greater > 0) {
increase += 3 * greater; // assume 3 matches
}
}
// have upper-bound at 20% increase, then let Java take over
increase = Math.min(increase, text.length() / 5);
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(text.length() + increase);
while (textIndex != -1) {
for (int i = start; i < textIndex; i++) {
buf.append(text.charAt(i));
}
buf.append(replacementList[replaceIndex]);
start = textIndex + searchList[replaceIndex].length();
textIndex = -1;
replaceIndex = -1;
tempIndex = -1;
// find the next earliest match
// NOTE: logic mostly duplicated above START
for (int i = 0; i < searchLength; i++) {
if (noMoreMatchesForReplIndex[i] || searchList[i] == null || searchList[i].length() == 0
|| replacementList[i] == null) {
continue;
}
tempIndex = text.indexOf(searchList[i], start);
// see if we need to keep searching for this
if (tempIndex == -1) {
noMoreMatchesForReplIndex[i] = true;
}
else {
if (textIndex == -1 || tempIndex < textIndex) {
textIndex = tempIndex;
replaceIndex = i;
}
}
}
// NOTE: logic duplicated above END
}
final int textLength = text.length();
for (int i = start; i < textLength; i++) {
buf.append(text.charAt(i));
}
final String result = buf.toString();
if (!repeat) {
return result;
}
return replaceEach(result, searchList, replacementList, repeat, timeToLive - 1);
}
// Replace, character based
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Replaces all occurrences of a character in a String with another. This is a null-safe version
* of {@link String#replace(char, char)}.
*
*
* A {@code null} string input returns {@code null}. An empty ("") string input returns an empty
* string.
*
*
*
* Strings.replaceChars(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.replaceChars("", *, *) = ""
* Strings.replaceChars("abcba", 'b', 'y') = "aycya"
* Strings.replaceChars("abcba", 'z', 'y') = "abcba"
*
*
* @param str String to replace characters in, may be null
* @param searchChar the character to search for, may be null
* @param replaceChar the character to replace, may be null
* @return modified String, {@code null} if null string input
*/
public static String replaceChars(final String str, final char searchChar, final char replaceChar) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
return str.replace(searchChar, replaceChar);
}
/**
*
* Replaces multiple characters in a String in one go. This method can also be used to delete
* characters.
*
*
* For example:
* replaceChars("hello", "ho", "jy") = jelly.
*
*
* A {@code null} string input returns {@code null}. An empty ("") string input returns an empty
* string. A null or empty set of search characters returns the input string.
*
*
* The length of the search characters should normally equal the length of the replace
* characters. If the search characters is longer, then the extra search characters are deleted.
* If the search characters is shorter, then the extra replace characters are ignored.
*
*
*
* Strings.replaceChars(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.replaceChars("", *, *) = ""
* Strings.replaceChars("abc", null, *) = "abc"
* Strings.replaceChars("abc", "", *) = "abc"
* Strings.replaceChars("abc", "b", null) = "ac"
* Strings.replaceChars("abc", "b", 0) = "ac"
* Strings.replaceChars("abcba", "bc", 'y') = "ayyya"
*
*
* @param str String to replace characters in, may be null
* @param searchChars a set of characters to search for, may be null
* @param replaceChar a character to replace, may be zero
* @return modified String, {@code null} if null string input
*/
public static String replaceChars(final String str, final String searchChars, final char replaceChar) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(searchChars)) {
return str;
}
boolean modified = false;
final int strLength = str.length();
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(strLength);
for (int i = 0; i < strLength; i++) {
final char ch = str.charAt(i);
final int index = searchChars.indexOf(ch);
if (index >= 0) {
modified = true;
if (replaceChar > 0) {
buf.append(replaceChar);
}
}
else {
buf.append(ch);
}
}
if (modified) {
return buf.toString();
}
return str;
}
/**
*
* Escapes all occurrences of a character in a String with another.
*
*
* A {@code null} string input returns {@code null}. An empty ("") string input returns an empty
* string.
*
*
*
* Strings.escapeChars(null, *) = null
* Strings.escapeChars("", *) = ""
* Strings.escapeChars("abcba", 'b') = "a\\bc\\ba"
* Strings.escapeChars("abcba", 'z') = "abcba"
*
*
* @param str String to replace characters in, may be null
* @param searchChars the character to search for, may be null
* @return modified String, {@code null} if null string input
*/
public static String escapeChars(final String str, final String searchChars) {
return escapeChars(str, searchChars, '\'');
}
/**
*
* Escapes all occurrences of a character in a String with another.
*
*
* A {@code null} string input returns {@code null}. An empty ("") string input returns an empty
* string.
*
*
*
* Strings.escapeChars(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.escapeChars("", *, *) = ""
* Strings.escapeChars("abcba", 'b', '\\')= "a\\bc\\ba"
* Strings.escapeChars("abcba", 'z', '\\')= "abcba"
*
*
* @param str String to replace characters in, may be null
* @param searchChars the character to search for, may be null
* @param escapeChar a character for escape, may be zero
* @return modified String, {@code null} if null string input
*/
public static String escapeChars(final String str, final String searchChars, final char escapeChar) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(searchChars)) {
return str;
}
boolean modified = false;
final int strLength = str.length();
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(strLength);
for (int i = 0; i < strLength; i++) {
final char ch = str.charAt(i);
final int index = searchChars.indexOf(ch);
if (index >= 0) {
modified = true;
if (escapeChar > 0) {
buf.append(escapeChar);
}
}
buf.append(ch);
}
if (modified) {
return buf.toString();
}
return str;
}
/**
*
* Replaces multiple characters in a String in one go. This method can also be used to delete
* characters.
*
*
* For example:
* replaceChars("hello", "ho", "jy") = jelly.
*
*
* A {@code null} string input returns {@code null}. An empty ("") string input returns an empty
* string. A null or empty set of search characters returns the input string.
*
*
* The length of the search characters should normally equal the length of the replace
* characters. If the search characters is longer, then the extra search characters are deleted.
* If the search characters is shorter, then the extra replace characters are ignored.
*
*
*
* Strings.replaceChars(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.replaceChars("", *, *) = ""
* Strings.replaceChars("abc", null, *) = "abc"
* Strings.replaceChars("abc", "", *) = "abc"
* Strings.replaceChars("abc", "b", null) = "ac"
* Strings.replaceChars("abc", "b", "") = "ac"
* Strings.replaceChars("abcba", "bc", "yz") = "ayzya"
* Strings.replaceChars("abcba", "bc", "y") = "ayya"
* Strings.replaceChars("abcba", "bc", "yzx") = "ayzya"
*
*
* @param str String to replace characters in, may be null
* @param searchChars a set of characters to search for, may be null
* @param replaceChars a set of characters to replace, may be null
* @return modified String, {@code null} if null string input
*/
public static String replaceChars(final String str, final String searchChars, String replaceChars) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(searchChars)) {
return str;
}
if (replaceChars == null) {
replaceChars = EMPTY;
}
boolean modified = false;
final int replaceCharsLength = replaceChars.length();
final int strLength = str.length();
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(strLength);
for (int i = 0; i < strLength; i++) {
final char ch = str.charAt(i);
final int index = searchChars.indexOf(ch);
if (index >= 0) {
modified = true;
if (index < replaceCharsLength) {
buf.append(replaceChars.charAt(index));
}
}
else {
buf.append(ch);
}
}
if (modified) {
return buf.toString();
}
return str;
}
/**
* replace symbols `~!@#$%^&*()-_=+[]{}\|;:'",<.>/? with the specified char
* @param str the string
* @param ch replacement char
* @return string
*/
public static String replaceSymbols(final String str, final char ch) {
return replaceChars(str, SYMBOLS, ch);
}
// Overlay
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Overlays part of a String with another String.
*
*
* A {@code null} string input returns {@code null}. A negative index is treated as zero. An
* index greater than the string length is treated as the string length. The start index is
* always the smaller of the two indices.
*
*
*
* Strings.overlay(null, *, *, *) = null
* Strings.overlay("", "abc", 0, 0) = "abc"
* Strings.overlay("abcdef", null, 2, 4) = "abef"
* Strings.overlay("abcdef", "", 2, 4) = "abef"
* Strings.overlay("abcdef", "", 4, 2) = "abef"
* Strings.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 2, 4) = "abzzzzef"
* Strings.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 4, 2) = "abzzzzef"
* Strings.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", -1, 4) = "zzzzef"
* Strings.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 2, 8) = "abzzzz"
* Strings.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", -2, -3) = "zzzzabcdef"
* Strings.overlay("abcdef", "zzzz", 8, 10) = "abcdefzzzz"
*
*
* @param str the String to do overlaying in, may be null
* @param overlay the String to overlay, may be null
* @param start the position to start overlaying at
* @param end the position to stop overlaying before
* @return overlayed String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String overlay(final String str, String overlay, int start, int end) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
if (overlay == null) {
overlay = EMPTY;
}
final int len = str.length();
if (start < 0) {
start = 0;
}
if (start > len) {
start = len;
}
if (end < 0) {
end = 0;
}
if (end > len) {
end = len;
}
if (start > end) {
final int temp = start;
start = end;
end = temp;
}
return new StringBuilder(len + start - end + overlay.length() + 1).append(str.substring(0, start))
.append(overlay).append(str.substring(end)).toString();
}
// Chomping
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Removes one newline from end of a String if it's there, otherwise leave it alone. A newline
* is "{@code \n}", "{@code \r}", or "{@code \r\n}".
*
*
* NOTE: This method changed in 2.0. It now more closely matches Perl chomp.
*
*
*
* Strings.chomp(null) = null
* Strings.chomp("") = ""
* Strings.chomp("abc \r") = "abc "
* Strings.chomp("abc\n") = "abc"
* Strings.chomp("abc\r\n") = "abc"
* Strings.chomp("abc\r\n\r\n") = "abc\r\n"
* Strings.chomp("abc\n\r") = "abc\n"
* Strings.chomp("abc\n\rabc") = "abc\n\rabc"
* Strings.chomp("\r") = ""
* Strings.chomp("\n") = ""
* Strings.chomp("\r\n") = ""
*
*
* @param str the String to chomp a newline from, may be null
* @return String without newline, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String chomp(final String str) {
if (isEmpty(str)) {
return str;
}
if (str.length() == 1) {
final char ch = str.charAt(0);
if (ch == Chars.CR || ch == Chars.LF) {
return EMPTY;
}
return str;
}
int lastIdx = str.length() - 1;
final char last = str.charAt(lastIdx);
if (last == Chars.LF) {
if (str.charAt(lastIdx - 1) == Chars.CR) {
lastIdx--;
}
}
else if (last != Chars.CR) {
lastIdx++;
}
return str.substring(0, lastIdx);
}
// Chopping
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Remove the last character from a String.
*
*
* If the String ends in {@code \r\n}, then remove both of them.
*
*
*
* Strings.chop(null) = null
* Strings.chop("") = ""
* Strings.chop("abc \r") = "abc "
* Strings.chop("abc\n") = "abc"
* Strings.chop("abc\r\n") = "abc"
* Strings.chop("abc") = "ab"
* Strings.chop("abc\nabc") = "abc\nab"
* Strings.chop("a") = ""
* Strings.chop("\r") = ""
* Strings.chop("\n") = ""
* Strings.chop("\r\n") = ""
*
*
* @param str the String to chop last character from, may be null
* @return String without last character, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String chop(final String str) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
final int strLen = str.length();
if (strLen < 2) {
return EMPTY;
}
final int lastIdx = strLen - 1;
final String ret = str.substring(0, lastIdx);
final char last = str.charAt(lastIdx);
if (last == Chars.LF && ret.charAt(lastIdx - 1) == Chars.CR) {
return ret.substring(0, lastIdx - 1);
}
return ret;
}
// Conversion
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Padding
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Repeat a String {@code repeat} times to form a new String.
*
*
*
* Strings.repeat(null, 2) = null
* Strings.repeat("", 0) = ""
* Strings.repeat("", 2) = ""
* Strings.repeat("a", 3) = "aaa"
* Strings.repeat("ab", 2) = "abab"
* Strings.repeat("a", -2) = ""
*
*
* @param str the String to repeat, may be null
* @param repeat number of times to repeat str, negative treated as zero
* @return a new String consisting of the original String repeated, {@code null} if null String
* input
*/
public static String repeat(final CharSequence str, final int repeat) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
if (repeat <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final int inputLength = str.length();
if (repeat == 1 || inputLength == 0) {
return str.toString();
}
if (inputLength == 1 && repeat <= PAD_LIMIT) {
return repeat(str.charAt(0), repeat);
}
final int outputLength = inputLength * repeat;
switch (inputLength) {
case 1:
return repeat(str.charAt(0), repeat);
case 2:
final char ch0 = str.charAt(0);
final char ch1 = str.charAt(1);
final char[] output2 = new char[outputLength];
for (int i = repeat * 2 - 2; i >= 0; i--, i--) {
output2[i] = ch0;
output2[i + 1] = ch1;
}
return new String(output2);
default:
final StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(outputLength);
for (int i = 0; i < repeat; i++) {
buf.append(str);
}
return buf.toString();
}
}
/**
*
* Repeat a String {@code repeat} times to form a new String, with a String separator injected
* each time.
*
*
*
* Strings.repeat(null, null, 2) = null
* Strings.repeat(null, "x", 2) = null
* Strings.repeat("", null, 0) = ""
* Strings.repeat("", "", 2) = ""
* Strings.repeat("", "x", 3) = "xxx"
* Strings.repeat("?", ", ", 3) = "?, ?, ?"
*
*
* @param str the String to repeat, may be null
* @param separator the String to inject, may be null
* @param repeat number of times to repeat str, negative treated as zero
* @return a new String consisting of the original String repeated, {@code null} if null String
* input
*/
public static String repeat(final CharSequence str, final String separator, final int repeat) {
if (str == null || separator == null) {
return repeat(str, repeat);
}
// given that repeat(String, int) is quite optimized, better to rely on it than try and
// splice this into it
final String result = repeat(str.toString() + separator, repeat);
return removeEnd(result, separator);
}
/**
*
* Returns padding using the specified delimiter repeated to a given length.
*
*
*
* Strings.repeat('e', 0) = ""
* Strings.repeat('e', 3) = "eee"
* Strings.repeat('e', -2) = ""
*
*
* Note: this method doesn't not support padding with Unicode Supplementary
* Characters as they require a pair of {@code char}s to be represented. If you are needing
* to support full I18N of your applications consider using {@link #repeat(CharSequence, int)}
* instead.
*
*
* @param ch character to repeat
* @param repeat number of times to repeat char, negative treated as zero
* @return String with repeated character
* @see #repeat(CharSequence, int)
*/
public static String repeat(final char ch, final int repeat) {
final char[] buf = new char[repeat];
for (int i = repeat - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
buf[i] = ch;
}
return new String(buf);
}
/**
*
* Right pad a String with spaces (' ').
*
*
* The String is padded to the size of {@code size}.
*
*
*
* Strings.rightPad(null, *) = null
* Strings.rightPad("", 3) = " "
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 3) = "bat"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 5) = "bat "
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 1) = "bat"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", -1) = "bat"
*
*
* @param str the String to pad out, may be null
* @param size the size to pad to
* @return right padded String or original String if no padding is necessary, {@code null} if
* null String input
*/
public static String rightPad(final CharSequence str, final int size) {
return rightPad(str, size, ' ');
}
/**
*
* Right pad a String with a specified character.
*
*
* The String is padded to the size of {@code size}.
*
*
*
* Strings.rightPad(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.rightPad("", 3, 'z') = "zzz"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 3, 'z') = "bat"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 5, 'z') = "batzz"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 1, 'z') = "bat"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", -1, 'z') = "bat"
*
*
* @param str the String to pad out, may be null
* @param size the size to pad to
* @param padChar the character to pad with
* @return right padded String or original String if no padding is necessary, {@code null} if
* null String input
*/
public static String rightPad(final CharSequence str, final int size, final char padChar) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
final int pads = size - str.length();
if (pads <= 0) {
return str.toString(); // returns original String when possible
}
if (pads > PAD_LIMIT) {
return rightPad(str, size, String.valueOf(padChar));
}
return str.toString().concat(repeat(padChar, pads));
}
/**
*
* Right pad a String with a specified String.
*
*
* The String is padded to the size of {@code size}.
*
*
*
* Strings.rightPad(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.rightPad("", 3, "z") = "zzz"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 3, "yz") = "bat"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 5, "yz") = "batyz"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 8, "yz") = "batyzyzy"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 1, "yz") = "bat"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", -1, "yz") = "bat"
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 5, null) = "bat "
* Strings.rightPad("bat", 5, "") = "bat "
*
*
* @param str the String to pad out, may be null
* @param size the size to pad to
* @param padStr the String to pad with, null or empty treated as single space
* @return right padded String or original String if no padding is necessary, {@code null} if
* null String input
*/
public static String rightPad(final CharSequence str, final int size, String padStr) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
if (isEmpty(padStr)) {
padStr = SPACE;
}
final int padLen = padStr.length();
final int strLen = str.length();
final int pads = size - strLen;
if (pads <= 0) {
return str.toString(); // returns original String when possible
}
if (padLen == 1 && pads <= PAD_LIMIT) {
return rightPad(str, size, padStr.charAt(0));
}
if (pads == padLen) {
return ((String)str).concat(padStr);
}
else if (pads < padLen) {
return str.toString().concat(padStr.substring(0, pads));
}
else {
final char[] padding = new char[pads];
final char[] padChars = padStr.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < pads; i++) {
padding[i] = padChars[i % padLen];
}
return str.toString().concat(new String(padding));
}
}
/**
*
* Left pad a String with spaces (' ').
*
*
* The String is padded to the size of {@code size}.
*
*
*
* Strings.leftPad(null, *) = null
* Strings.leftPad("", 3) = " "
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 3) = "bat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 5) = " bat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 1) = "bat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", -1) = "bat"
*
*
* @param str the String to pad out, may be null
* @param size the size to pad to
* @return left padded String or original String if no padding is necessary, {@code null} if
* null String input
*/
public static String leftPad(final CharSequence str, final int size) {
return leftPad(str, size, ' ');
}
/**
*
* Left pad a String with a specified character.
*
*
* Pad to a size of {@code size}.
*
*
*
* Strings.leftPad(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.leftPad("", 3, 'z') = "zzz"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 3, 'z') = "bat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 5, 'z') = "zzbat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 1, 'z') = "bat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", -1, 'z') = "bat"
*
*
* @param str the String to pad out, may be null
* @param size the size to pad to
* @param padChar the character to pad with
* @return left padded String or original String if no padding is necessary, {@code null} if
* null String input
*/
public static String leftPad(final CharSequence str, final int size, final char padChar) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
final int pads = size - str.length();
if (pads <= 0) {
return str.toString(); // returns original String when possible
}
if (pads > PAD_LIMIT) {
return leftPad(str, size, String.valueOf(padChar));
}
return repeat(padChar, pads).concat(str.toString());
}
/**
*
* Left pad a String with a specified String.
*
*
* Pad to a size of {@code size}.
*
*
*
* Strings.leftPad(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.leftPad("", 3, "z") = "zzz"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 3, "yz") = "bat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 5, "yz") = "yzbat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 8, "yz") = "yzyzybat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 1, "yz") = "bat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", -1, "yz") = "bat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 5, null) = " bat"
* Strings.leftPad("bat", 5, "") = " bat"
*
*
* @param str the String to pad out, may be null
* @param size the size to pad to
* @param padStr the String to pad with, null or empty treated as single space
* @return left padded String or original String if no padding is necessary, {@code null} if
* null String input
*/
public static String leftPad(final CharSequence str, final int size, String padStr) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
if (isEmpty(padStr)) {
padStr = SPACE;
}
final int padLen = padStr.length();
final int strLen = str.length();
final int pads = size - strLen;
if (pads <= 0) {
return str.toString(); // returns original String when possible
}
if (padLen == 1 && pads <= PAD_LIMIT) {
return leftPad(str, size, padStr.charAt(0));
}
if (pads == padLen) {
return padStr.concat(str.toString());
}
else if (pads < padLen) {
return padStr.substring(0, pads).concat(str.toString());
}
else {
final char[] padding = new char[pads];
final char[] padChars = padStr.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < pads; i++) {
padding[i] = padChars[i % padLen];
}
return new StringBuilder(padding.length + str.length()).append(padding).append(str).toString();
}
}
/**
* Gets a CharSequence length or {@code 0} if the CharSequence is {@code null}.
*
* @param cs a CharSequence or {@code null}
* @return CharSequence length or {@code 0} if the CharSequence is {@code null}.
*/
public static int length(final CharSequence cs) {
return cs == null ? 0 : cs.length();
}
// Centering
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Centers a String in a larger String of size {@code size} using the space character (' ').
*
*
* If the size is less than the String length, the String is returned. A {@code null} String
* returns {@code null}. A negative size is treated as zero.
*
*
* Equivalent to {@code center(str, size, " ")}.
*
*
*
* Strings.center(null, *) = null
* Strings.center("", 4) = " "
* Strings.center("ab", -1) = "ab"
* Strings.center("ab", 4) = " ab "
* Strings.center("abcd", 2) = "abcd"
* Strings.center("a", 4) = " a "
*
*
* @param str the String to center, may be null
* @param size the int size of new String, negative treated as zero
* @return centered String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String center(final String str, final int size) {
return center(str, size, ' ');
}
/**
*
* Centers a String in a larger String of size {@code size}. Uses a supplied character as the
* value to pad the String with.
*
*
* If the size is less than the String length, the String is returned. A {@code null} String
* returns {@code null}. A negative size is treated as zero.
*
*
*
* Strings.center(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.center("", 4, ' ') = " "
* Strings.center("ab", -1, ' ') = "ab"
* Strings.center("ab", 4, ' ') = " ab "
* Strings.center("abcd", 2, ' ') = "abcd"
* Strings.center("a", 4, ' ') = " a "
* Strings.center("a", 4, 'y') = "yayy"
*
*
* @param str the String to center, may be null
* @param size the int size of new String, negative treated as zero
* @param padChar the character to pad the new String with
* @return centered String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String center(String str, final int size, final char padChar) {
if (str == null || size <= 0) {
return str;
}
final int strLen = str.length();
final int pads = size - strLen;
if (pads <= 0) {
return str;
}
str = leftPad(str, strLen + pads / 2, padChar);
str = rightPad(str, size, padChar);
return str;
}
/**
*
* Centers a String in a larger String of size {@code size}. Uses a supplied String as the value
* to pad the String with.
*
*
* If the size is less than the String length, the String is returned. A {@code null} String
* returns {@code null}. A negative size is treated as zero.
*
*
*
* Strings.center(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.center("", 4, " ") = " "
* Strings.center("ab", -1, " ") = "ab"
* Strings.center("ab", 4, " ") = " ab "
* Strings.center("abcd", 2, " ") = "abcd"
* Strings.center("a", 4, " ") = " a "
* Strings.center("a", 4, "yz") = "yayz"
* Strings.center("abc", 7, null) = " abc "
* Strings.center("abc", 7, "") = " abc "
*
*
* @param str the String to center, may be null
* @param size the int size of new String, negative treated as zero
* @param padStr the String to pad the new String with, must not be null or empty
* @return centered String, {@code null} if null String input
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if padStr is {@code null} or empty
*/
public static String center(String str, final int size, String padStr) {
if (str == null || size <= 0) {
return str;
}
if (isEmpty(padStr)) {
padStr = SPACE;
}
final int strLen = str.length();
final int pads = size - strLen;
if (pads <= 0) {
return str;
}
str = leftPad(str, strLen + pads / 2, padStr);
str = rightPad(str, size, padStr);
return str;
}
// Case conversion
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Converts a String to upper case as per {@link String#toUpperCase()}.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.upperCase(null) = null
* Strings.upperCase("") = ""
* Strings.upperCase("aBc") = "ABC"
*
*
* Note: As described in the documentation for {@link String#toUpperCase()},
* the result of this method is affected by the current locale. For platform-independent case
* transformations, the method {@link #lowerCase(String, Locale)} should be used with a specific
* locale (e.g. {@link Locale#ENGLISH}).
*
*
* @param str the String to upper case, may be null
* @return the upper cased String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String upperCase(final String str) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
return str.toUpperCase();
}
/**
*
* Converts a String to upper case as per {@link String#toUpperCase(Locale)}.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.upperCase(null, Locale.ENGLISH) = null
* Strings.upperCase("", Locale.ENGLISH) = ""
* Strings.upperCase("aBc", Locale.ENGLISH) = "ABC"
*
*
* @param str the String to upper case, may be null
* @param locale the locale that defines the case transformation rules, must not be null
* @return the upper cased String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String upperCase(final String str, final Locale locale) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
return str.toUpperCase(locale);
}
/**
*
* Converts a String to lower case as per {@link String#toLowerCase()}.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.lowerCase(null) = null
* Strings.lowerCase("") = ""
* Strings.lowerCase("aBc") = "abc"
*
*
* Note: As described in the documentation for {@link String#toLowerCase()},
* the result of this method is affected by the current locale. For platform-independent case
* transformations, the method {@link #lowerCase(String, Locale)} should be used with a specific
* locale (e.g. {@link Locale#ENGLISH}).
*
*
* @param str the String to lower case, may be null
* @return the lower cased String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String lowerCase(final String str) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
return str.toLowerCase();
}
/**
*
* Converts a String to lower case as per {@link String#toLowerCase(Locale)}.
*
*
* A {@code null} input String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.lowerCase(null, Locale.ENGLISH) = null
* Strings.lowerCase("", Locale.ENGLISH) = ""
* Strings.lowerCase("aBc", Locale.ENGLISH) = "abc"
*
*
* @param str the String to lower case, may be null
* @param locale the locale that defines the case transformation rules, must not be null
* @return the lower cased String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String lowerCase(final String str, final Locale locale) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
return str.toLowerCase(locale);
}
/**
*
* Capitalizes a String changing the first letter to title case as per
* {@link Character#toTitleCase(char)}. No other letters are changed.
*
*
* For a word based algorithm, see {@link panda.lang.Texts#capitalize(String)}. A {@code null}
* input String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.capitalize(null) = null
* Strings.capitalize("") = ""
* Strings.capitalize("cat") = "Cat"
* Strings.capitalize("cAt") = "CAt"
*
*
* @param str the String to capitalize, may be null
* @return the capitalized String, {@code null} if null String input
* @see Texts#capitalize(String)
* @see #uncapitalize(String)
*/
public static String capitalize(final String str) {
int strLen;
if (str == null || (strLen = str.length()) == 0) {
return str;
}
char firstChar = str.charAt(0);
if (Character.isTitleCase(firstChar)) {
// already capitalized
return str;
}
return new StringBuilder(strLen).append(Character.toTitleCase(firstChar)).append(str.substring(1)).toString();
}
/**
*
* Uncapitalizes a String changing the first letter to title case as per
* {@link Character#toLowerCase(char)}. No other letters are changed.
*
*
* For a word based algorithm, see {@link Texts#uncapitalize(String)}. A {@code null} input
* String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.uncapitalize(null) = null
* Strings.uncapitalize("") = ""
* Strings.uncapitalize("Cat") = "cat"
* Strings.uncapitalize("CAT") = "cAT"
*
*
* @param str the String to uncapitalize, may be null
* @return the uncapitalized String, {@code null} if null String input
* @see Texts#uncapitalize(String)
* @see #capitalize(String)
*/
public static String uncapitalize(final String str) {
int strLen;
if (str == null || (strLen = str.length()) == 0) {
return str;
}
char firstChar = str.charAt(0);
if (Character.isLowerCase(firstChar)) {
// already uncapitalized
return str;
}
return new StringBuilder(strLen).append(Character.toLowerCase(firstChar)).append(str.substring(1)).toString();
}
/**
*
* Swaps the case of a String changing upper and title case to lower case, and lower case to
* upper case.
*
*
* - Upper case character converts to Lower case
* - Title case character converts to Lower case
* - Lower case character converts to Upper case
*
*
* For a word based algorithm, see {@link Texts#swapCase(String)}. A {@code null} input String
* returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.swapCase(null) = null
* Strings.swapCase("") = ""
* Strings.swapCase("The dog has a BONE") = "tHE DOG HAS A bone"
*
*
* @param str the String to swap case, may be null
* @return the changed String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String swapCase(final String str) {
if (Strings.isEmpty(str)) {
return str;
}
final char[] buffer = str.toCharArray();
for (int i = 0; i < buffer.length; i++) {
final char ch = buffer[i];
if (Character.isUpperCase(ch)) {
buffer[i] = Character.toLowerCase(ch);
}
else if (Character.isTitleCase(ch)) {
buffer[i] = Character.toLowerCase(ch);
}
else if (Character.isLowerCase(ch)) {
buffer[i] = Character.toUpperCase(ch);
}
}
return new String(buffer);
}
// Count matches
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Counts how many times the substring appears in the larger string.
*
*
* A {@code null} or empty ("") String input returns {@code 0}.
*
*
*
* Strings.countMatches(null, *) = 0
* Strings.countMatches("", *) = 0
* Strings.countMatches("abba", null) = 0
* Strings.countMatches("abba", "") = 0
* Strings.countMatches("abba", "a") = 2
* Strings.countMatches("abba", "ab") = 1
* Strings.countMatches("abba", "xxx") = 0
*
*
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param sub the substring to count, may be null
* @return the number of occurrences, 0 if either CharSequence is {@code null}
*/
public static int countMatches(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence sub) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(sub)) {
return 0;
}
int count = 0;
int idx = 0;
while ((idx = CharSequences.indexOf(str, sub, idx)) != INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
count++;
idx += sub.length();
}
return count;
}
// Character Tests
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only Unicode letters.
*
*
* {@code null} will return {@code false}. An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return
* {@code false}.
*
*
*
* Strings.isAlpha(null) = false
* Strings.isAlpha("") = false
* Strings.isAlpha(" ") = false
* Strings.isAlpha("abc") = true
* Strings.isAlpha("ab2c") = false
* Strings.isAlpha("ab-c") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if only contains letters, and is non-null
*/
public static boolean isAlpha(final CharSequence cs) {
if (cs == null || cs.length() == 0) {
return false;
}
final int sz = cs.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (Character.isLetter(cs.charAt(i)) == false) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only Unicode letters and space (' ').
*
*
* {@code null} will return {@code false} An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return
* {@code true}.
*
*
*
* Strings.isAlphaSpace(null) = false
* Strings.isAlphaSpace("") = true
* Strings.isAlphaSpace(" ") = true
* Strings.isAlphaSpace("abc") = true
* Strings.isAlphaSpace("ab c") = true
* Strings.isAlphaSpace("ab2c") = false
* Strings.isAlphaSpace("ab-c") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if only contains letters and space, and is non-null
*/
public static boolean isAlphaSpace(final CharSequence cs) {
if (cs == null) {
return false;
}
final int sz = cs.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (Character.isLetter(cs.charAt(i)) == false && cs.charAt(i) != ' ') {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only Unicode letters or digits.
*
*
* {@code null} will return {@code false}. An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return
* {@code false}.
*
*
*
* Strings.isAlphanumeric(null) = false
* Strings.isAlphanumeric("") = false
* Strings.isAlphanumeric(" ") = false
* Strings.isAlphanumeric("abc") = true
* Strings.isAlphanumeric("ab c") = false
* Strings.isAlphanumeric("ab2c") = true
* Strings.isAlphanumeric("ab-c") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if only contains letters or digits, and is non-null
*/
public static boolean isAlphanumeric(final CharSequence cs) {
if (cs == null || cs.length() == 0) {
return false;
}
final int sz = cs.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (Character.isLetterOrDigit(cs.charAt(i)) == false) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only Unicode letters, digits or space ({@code ' '}).
*
*
* {@code null} will return {@code false}. An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return
* {@code true}.
*
*
*
* Strings.isAlphanumericSpace(null) = false
* Strings.isAlphanumericSpace("") = true
* Strings.isAlphanumericSpace(" ") = true
* Strings.isAlphanumericSpace("abc") = true
* Strings.isAlphanumericSpace("ab c") = true
* Strings.isAlphanumericSpace("ab2c") = true
* Strings.isAlphanumericSpace("ab-c") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if only contains letters, digits or space, and is non-null
*/
public static boolean isAlphanumericSpace(final CharSequence cs) {
if (cs == null) {
return false;
}
final int sz = cs.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (Character.isLetterOrDigit(cs.charAt(i)) == false && cs.charAt(i) != ' ') {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only ASCII printable characters.
*
*
* {@code null} will return {@code false}. An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return
* {@code true}.
*
*
*
* Strings.isAsciiPrintable(null) = false
* Strings.isAsciiPrintable("") = true
* Strings.isAsciiPrintable(" ") = true
* Strings.isAsciiPrintable("Ceki") = true
* Strings.isAsciiPrintable("ab2c") = true
* Strings.isAsciiPrintable("!ab-c~") = true
* Strings.isAsciiPrintable("\u0020") = true
* Strings.isAsciiPrintable("\u0021") = true
* Strings.isAsciiPrintable("\u007e") = true
* Strings.isAsciiPrintable("\u007f") = false
* Strings.isAsciiPrintable("Ceki G\u00fclc\u00fc") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if every character is in the range 32 thru 126
*/
public static boolean isAsciiPrintable(final CharSequence cs) {
if (cs == null) {
return false;
}
final int sz = cs.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (!Chars.isAsciiPrintable(cs.charAt(i))) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
public static boolean isAscii(final CharSequence cs) {
if (cs == null) {
return false;
}
final int sz = cs.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (!Chars.isAscii(cs.charAt(i))) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only Unicode digits. A decimal point is not a Unicode
* digit and returns false.
*
*
* {@code null} will return {@code false}. An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return
* {@code false}.
*
*
* Note that the method does not allow for a leading sign, either positive or negative. Also, if
* a String passes the numeric test, it may still generate a NumberFormatException when parsed
* by Integer.parseInt or Long.parseLong, e.g. if the value is outside the range for int or long
* respectively.
*
*
*
* Strings.isNumeric(null) = false
* Strings.isNumeric("") = false
* Strings.isNumeric(" ") = false
* Strings.isNumeric("123") = true
* Strings.isNumeric("12 3") = false
* Strings.isNumeric("ab2c") = false
* Strings.isNumeric("12-3") = false
* Strings.isNumeric("12.3") = false
* Strings.isNumeric("-123") = false
* Strings.isNumeric("+123") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if only contains digits, and is non-null
*/
public static boolean isNumeric(final CharSequence cs) {
if (cs == null || cs.length() == 0) {
return false;
}
final int sz = cs.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (Character.isDigit(cs.charAt(i)) == false) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only Unicode digits or space ({@code ' '}). A decimal
* point is not a Unicode digit and returns false.
*
*
* {@code null} will return {@code false}. An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return
* {@code true}.
*
*
*
* Strings.isNumericSpace(null) = false
* Strings.isNumericSpace("") = true
* Strings.isNumericSpace(" ") = true
* Strings.isNumericSpace("123") = true
* Strings.isNumericSpace("12 3") = true
* Strings.isNumericSpace("ab2c") = false
* Strings.isNumericSpace("12-3") = false
* Strings.isNumericSpace("12.3") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if only contains digits or space, and is non-null
*/
public static boolean isNumericSpace(final CharSequence cs) {
if (cs == null) {
return false;
}
final int sz = cs.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (Character.isDigit(cs.charAt(i)) == false && cs.charAt(i) != ' ') {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only whitespace.
*
*
* {@code null} will return {@code false}. An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return
* {@code true}.
*
*
*
* Strings.isWhitespace(null) = false
* Strings.isWhitespace("") = true
* Strings.isWhitespace(" ") = true
* Strings.isWhitespace("abc") = false
* Strings.isWhitespace("ab2c") = false
* Strings.isWhitespace("ab-c") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if only contains whitespace, and is non-null
*/
public static boolean isWhitespace(final CharSequence cs) {
if (cs == null) {
return false;
}
final int sz = cs.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (Character.isWhitespace(cs.charAt(i)) == false) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only lowercase characters.
*
*
* {@code null} will return {@code false}. An empty CharSequence (length()=0) will return
* {@code false}.
*
*
*
* Strings.isAllLowerCase(null) = false
* Strings.isAllLowerCase("") = false
* Strings.isAllLowerCase(" ") = false
* Strings.isAllLowerCase("abc") = true
* Strings.isAllLowerCase("abC") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if only contains lowercase characters, and is non-null
*/
public static boolean isAllLowerCase(final CharSequence cs) {
if (cs == null || isEmpty(cs)) {
return false;
}
final int sz = cs.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (Character.isLowerCase(cs.charAt(i)) == false) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks if the CharSequence contains only uppercase characters.
*
*
* {@code null} will return {@code false}. An empty String (length()=0) will return
* {@code false}.
*
*
*
* Strings.isAllUpperCase(null) = false
* Strings.isAllUpperCase("") = false
* Strings.isAllUpperCase(" ") = false
* Strings.isAllUpperCase("ABC") = true
* Strings.isAllUpperCase("aBC") = false
*
*
* @param cs the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @return {@code true} if only contains uppercase characters, and is non-null
*/
public static boolean isAllUpperCase(final CharSequence cs) {
if (cs == null || isEmpty(cs)) {
return false;
}
final int sz = cs.length();
for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
if (Character.isUpperCase(cs.charAt(i)) == false) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// Defaults
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Returns either the passed in String, or if the String is {@code null}, an empty String ("").
*
*
*
* Strings.defaultString(null) = ""
* Strings.defaultString("") = ""
* Strings.defaultString("bat") = "bat"
*
*
* @see Objects#toString(Object)
* @see String#valueOf(Object)
* @param str the String to check, may be null
* @return the passed in String, or the empty String if it was {@code null}
*/
public static String defaultString(Object str) {
return str == null ? EMPTY : str.toString();
}
/**
*
* Returns either the passed in String, or if the String is {@code null}, the value of
* {@code defaultStr}.
*
*
*
* Strings.defaultString(null, "NULL") = "NULL"
* Strings.defaultString("", "NULL") = ""
* Strings.defaultString("bat", "NULL") = "bat"
*
*
* @see Objects#toString(Object,String)
* @see String#valueOf(Object)
* @param str the String to check, may be null
* @param defaultStr the default String to return if the input is {@code null}, may be null
* @return the passed in String, or the default if it was {@code null}
*/
public static String defaultString(Object str, String defaultStr) {
return str == null ? defaultStr : str.toString();
}
/**
*
* Returns either the passed in String, or if the String is {@code null}, an empty String ("").
*
*
*
* Strings.defaultString(null) = ""
* Strings.defaultString("") = ""
* Strings.defaultString("bat") = "bat"
*
*
* @see Objects#toString(Object)
* @see String#valueOf(Object)
* @param str the String to check, may be null
* @return the passed in String, or the empty String if it was {@code null}
*/
public static String defaultString(final String str) {
return str == null ? EMPTY : str;
}
/**
*
* Returns either the passed in String, or if the String is {@code null}, the value of
* {@code defaultStr}.
*
*
*
* Strings.defaultString(null, "NULL") = "NULL"
* Strings.defaultString("", "NULL") = ""
* Strings.defaultString("bat", "NULL") = "bat"
*
*
* @see Objects#toString(Object,String)
* @see String#valueOf(Object)
* @param str the String to check, may be null
* @param defaultStr the default String to return if the input is {@code null}, may be null
* @return the passed in String, or the default if it was {@code null}
*/
public static String defaultString(final String str, final String defaultStr) {
return str == null ? defaultStr : str;
}
/**
*
* Returns either the passed in CharSequence, or if the CharSequence is whitespace, empty ("")
* or {@code null}, the value of {@code defaultStr}.
*
*
*
* Strings.defaultIfBlank(null, "NULL") = "NULL"
* Strings.defaultIfBlank("", "NULL") = "NULL"
* Strings.defaultIfBlank(" ", "NULL") = "NULL"
* Strings.defaultIfBlank("bat", "NULL") = "bat"
* Strings.defaultIfBlank("", null) = null
*
*
* @param the specific kind of CharSequence
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param defaultStr the default CharSequence to return if the input is whitespace, empty ("")
* or {@code null}, may be null
* @return the passed in CharSequence, or the default
* @see Strings#defaultString(String, String)
*/
public static T defaultIfBlank(final T str, final T defaultStr) {
return Strings.isBlank(str) ? defaultStr : str;
}
/**
*
* Returns either the passed in CharSequence, or if the CharSequence is empty or {@code null},
* the value of {@code defaultStr}.
*
*
*
* Strings.defaultIfEmpty(null, "NULL") = "NULL"
* Strings.defaultIfEmpty("", "NULL") = "NULL"
* Strings.defaultIfEmpty(" ", "NULL") = " "
* Strings.defaultIfEmpty("bat", "NULL") = "bat"
* Strings.defaultIfEmpty("", null) = null
*
*
* @param the specific kind of CharSequence
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param defaultStr the default CharSequence to return if the input is empty ("") or
* {@code null}, may be null
* @return the passed in CharSequence, or the default
* @see Strings#defaultString(String, String)
*/
public static T defaultIfEmpty(final T str, final T defaultStr) {
return Strings.isEmpty(str) ? defaultStr : str;
}
// Reversing
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Reverses a String as per {@link StringBuilder#reverse()}.
*
*
* A {@code null} String returns {@code null}.
*
*
*
* Strings.reverse(null) = null
* Strings.reverse("") = ""
* Strings.reverse("bat") = "tab"
*
*
* @param str the String to reverse, may be null
* @return the reversed String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String reverse(final String str) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
return new StringBuilder(str).reverse().toString();
}
/**
*
* Reverses a String that is delimited by a specific character.
*
*
* The Strings between the delimiters are not reversed. Thus java.lang.String becomes
* String.lang.java (if the delimiter is {@code '.'}).
*
*
*
* Strings.reverseDelimited(null, *) = null
* Strings.reverseDelimited("", *) = ""
* Strings.reverseDelimited("a.b.c", 'x') = "a.b.c"
* Strings.reverseDelimited("a.b.c", ".") = "c.b.a"
*
*
* @param str the String to reverse, may be null
* @param separatorChar the separator character to use
* @return the reversed String, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String reverseDelimited(final String str, final char separatorChar) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
// could implement manually, but simple way is to reuse other,
// probably slower, methods.
final String[] strs = split(str, separatorChar);
Arrays.reverse(strs);
return join(strs, separatorChar);
}
// Abbreviating
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Abbreviates a String using ellipses. This will turn "Now is the time for all good men" into
* "Now is the time for..."
*
*
* Specifically:
*
* - If {@code str} is less than {@code maxWidth} characters long, return it.
* - Else abbreviate it to {@code (substring(str, 0, max-3) + "...")}.
* - If {@code maxWidth} is less than {@code 4}, throw an {@code IllegalArgumentException}.
* - In no case will it return a String of length greater than {@code maxWidth}.
*
*
*
*
* Strings.abbreviate(null, *) = null
* Strings.abbreviate("", 4) = ""
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefg", 6) = "abc..."
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefg", 7) = "abcdefg"
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefg", 8) = "abcdefg"
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefg", 4) = "a..."
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefg", 3) = IllegalArgumentException
*
*
* @param str the String to check, may be null
* @param maxWidth maximum length of result String, must be at least 4
* @return abbreviated String, {@code null} if null String input
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width is too small
*/
public static String abbreviate(final String str, final int maxWidth) {
return abbreviate(str, 0, maxWidth);
}
/**
*
* Abbreviates a String using ellipses. This will turn "Now is the time for all good men" into
* "...is the time for..."
*
*
* Works like {@code abbreviate(String, int)}, but allows you to specify a "left edge" offset.
* Note that this left edge is not necessarily going to be the leftmost character in the result,
* or the first character following the ellipses, but it will appear somewhere in the result.
*
* In no case will it return a String of length greater than {@code maxWidth}.
*
*
*
* Strings.abbreviate(null, *, *) = null
* Strings.abbreviate("", 0, 4) = ""
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefghijklmno", -1, 10) = "abcdefg..."
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefghijklmno", 0, 10) = "abcdefg..."
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefghijklmno", 1, 10) = "abcdefg..."
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefghijklmno", 4, 10) = "abcdefg..."
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefghijklmno", 5, 10) = "...fghi..."
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefghijklmno", 6, 10) = "...ghij..."
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefghijklmno", 8, 10) = "...ijklmno"
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefghijklmno", 10, 10) = "...ijklmno"
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefghijklmno", 12, 10) = "...ijklmno"
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefghij", 0, 3) = IllegalArgumentException
* Strings.abbreviate("abcdefghij", 5, 6) = IllegalArgumentException
*
*
* @param str the String to check, may be null
* @param offset left edge of source String
* @param maxWidth maximum length of result String, must be at least 4
* @return abbreviated String, {@code null} if null String input
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the width is too small
*/
public static String abbreviate(final String str, int offset, final int maxWidth) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
if (maxWidth < 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Minimum abbreviation width is 4");
}
if (str.length() <= maxWidth) {
return str;
}
if (offset > str.length()) {
offset = str.length();
}
if (str.length() - offset < maxWidth - 3) {
offset = str.length() - (maxWidth - 3);
}
final String abrevMarker = "...";
if (offset <= 4) {
return str.substring(0, maxWidth - 3) + abrevMarker;
}
if (maxWidth < 7) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Minimum abbreviation width with offset is 7");
}
if (offset + maxWidth - 3 < str.length()) {
return abrevMarker + abbreviate(str.substring(offset), maxWidth - 3);
}
return abrevMarker + str.substring(str.length() - (maxWidth - 3));
}
/**
*
* Abbreviates a String to the length passed, replacing the middle characters with the supplied
* replacement String.
*
*
* This abbreviation only occurs if the following criteria is met:
*
* - Neither the String for abbreviation nor the replacement String are null or empty
* - The length to truncate to is less than the length of the supplied String
* - The length to truncate to is greater than 0
* - The abbreviated String will have enough room for the length supplied replacement String
* and the first and last characters of the supplied String for abbreviation
*
* Otherwise, the returned String will be the same as the supplied String for abbreviation.
*
*
*
* Strings.abbreviateMiddle(null, null, 0) = null
* Strings.abbreviateMiddle("abc", null, 0) = "abc"
* Strings.abbreviateMiddle("abc", ".", 0) = "abc"
* Strings.abbreviateMiddle("abc", ".", 3) = "abc"
* Strings.abbreviateMiddle("abcdef", ".", 4) = "ab.f"
*
*
* @param str the String to abbreviate, may be null
* @param middle the String to replace the middle characters with, may be null
* @param length the length to abbreviate {@code str} to.
* @return the abbreviated String if the above criteria is met, or the original String supplied
* for abbreviation.
*/
public static String abbreviateMiddle(final String str, final String middle, final int length) {
if (isEmpty(str) || isEmpty(middle)) {
return str;
}
if (length >= str.length() || length < middle.length() + 2) {
return str;
}
final int targetSting = length - middle.length();
final int startOffset = targetSting / 2 + targetSting % 2;
final int endOffset = str.length() - targetSting / 2;
final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(length);
builder.append(str.substring(0, startOffset));
builder.append(middle);
builder.append(str.substring(endOffset));
return builder.toString();
}
// Difference
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Compares two Strings, and returns the portion where they differ. More precisely, return the
* remainder of the second String, starting from where it's different from the first. This means
* that the difference between "abc" and "ab" is the empty String and not "c".
*
*
* For example, {@code difference("i am a machine", "i am a robot") -> "robot"}.
*
*
*
* Strings.difference(null, null) = null
* Strings.difference("", "") = ""
* Strings.difference("", "abc") = "abc"
* Strings.difference("abc", "") = ""
* Strings.difference("abc", "abc") = ""
* Strings.difference("abc", "ab") = ""
* Strings.difference("ab", "abxyz") = "xyz"
* Strings.difference("abcde", "abxyz") = "xyz"
* Strings.difference("abcde", "xyz") = "xyz"
*
*
* @param str1 the first String, may be null
* @param str2 the second String, may be null
* @return the portion of str2 where it differs from str1; returns the empty String if they are
* equal
* @see #indexOfDifference(CharSequence,CharSequence)
*/
public static String difference(final String str1, final String str2) {
if (str1 == null) {
return str2;
}
if (str2 == null) {
return str1;
}
final int at = indexOfDifference(str1, str2);
if (at == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return EMPTY;
}
return str2.substring(at);
}
/**
*
* Compares two CharSequences, and returns the index at which the CharSequences begin to differ.
*
*
* For example, {@code indexOfDifference("i am a machine", "i am a robot") -> 7}
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOfDifference(null, null) = -1
* Strings.indexOfDifference("", "") = -1
* Strings.indexOfDifference("", "abc") = 0
* Strings.indexOfDifference("abc", "") = 0
* Strings.indexOfDifference("abc", "abc") = -1
* Strings.indexOfDifference("ab", "abxyz") = 2
* Strings.indexOfDifference("abcde", "abxyz") = 2
* Strings.indexOfDifference("abcde", "xyz") = 0
*
*
* @param cs1 the first CharSequence, may be null
* @param cs2 the second CharSequence, may be null
* @return the index where cs1 and cs2 begin to differ; -1 if they are equal
*/
public static int indexOfDifference(final CharSequence cs1, final CharSequence cs2) {
if (cs1 == cs2) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
if (cs1 == null || cs2 == null) {
return 0;
}
int i;
for (i = 0; i < cs1.length() && i < cs2.length(); ++i) {
if (cs1.charAt(i) != cs2.charAt(i)) {
break;
}
}
if (i < cs2.length() || i < cs1.length()) {
return i;
}
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
/**
*
* Compares all CharSequences in an array and returns the index at which the CharSequences begin
* to differ.
*
*
* For example,
* indexOfDifference(new String[] {"i am a machine", "i am a robot"}) -> 7
*
*
*
* Strings.indexOfDifference(null) = -1
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {}) = -1
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abc"}) = -1
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {null, null}) = -1
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"", ""}) = -1
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"", null}) = 0
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abc", null, null}) = 0
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {null, null, "abc"}) = 0
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"", "abc"}) = 0
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abc", ""}) = 0
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abc", "abc"}) = -1
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abc", "a"}) = 1
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"ab", "abxyz"}) = 2
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abcde", "abxyz"}) = 2
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"abcde", "xyz"}) = 0
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"xyz", "abcde"}) = 0
* Strings.indexOfDifference(new String[] {"i am a machine", "i am a robot"}) = 7
*
*
* @param css array of CharSequences, entries may be null
* @return the index where the strings begin to differ; -1 if they are all equal
*/
public static int indexOfDifference(final CharSequence... css) {
if (css == null || css.length <= 1) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
boolean anyStringNull = false;
boolean allStringsNull = true;
final int arrayLen = css.length;
int shortestStrLen = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
int longestStrLen = 0;
// find the min and max string lengths; this avoids checking to make
// sure we are not exceeding the length of the string each time through
// the bottom loop.
for (int i = 0; i < arrayLen; i++) {
if (css[i] == null) {
anyStringNull = true;
shortestStrLen = 0;
}
else {
allStringsNull = false;
shortestStrLen = Math.min(css[i].length(), shortestStrLen);
longestStrLen = Math.max(css[i].length(), longestStrLen);
}
}
// handle lists containing all nulls or all empty strings
if (allStringsNull || longestStrLen == 0 && !anyStringNull) {
return INDEX_NOT_FOUND;
}
// handle lists containing some nulls or some empty strings
if (shortestStrLen == 0) {
return 0;
}
// find the position with the first difference across all strings
int firstDiff = -1;
for (int stringPos = 0; stringPos < shortestStrLen; stringPos++) {
final char comparisonChar = css[0].charAt(stringPos);
for (int arrayPos = 1; arrayPos < arrayLen; arrayPos++) {
if (css[arrayPos].charAt(stringPos) != comparisonChar) {
firstDiff = stringPos;
break;
}
}
if (firstDiff != -1) {
break;
}
}
if (firstDiff == -1 && shortestStrLen != longestStrLen) {
// we compared all of the characters up to the length of the
// shortest string and didn't find a match, but the string lengths
// vary, so return the length of the shortest string.
return shortestStrLen;
}
return firstDiff;
}
/**
*
* Compares all Strings in an array and returns the initial sequence of characters that is
* common to all of them.
*
*
* For example,
* getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"i am a machine", "i am a robot"}) -> "i am a "
*
*
*
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(null) = ""
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {}) = ""
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abc"}) = "abc"
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {null, null}) = ""
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"", ""}) = ""
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"", null}) = ""
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abc", null, null}) = ""
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {null, null, "abc"}) = ""
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"", "abc"}) = ""
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abc", ""}) = ""
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abc", "abc"}) = "abc"
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abc", "a"}) = "a"
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"ab", "abxyz"}) = "ab"
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abcde", "abxyz"}) = "ab"
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"abcde", "xyz"}) = ""
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"xyz", "abcde"}) = ""
* Strings.getCommonPrefix(new String[] {"i am a machine", "i am a robot"}) = "i am a "
*
*
* @param strs array of String objects, entries may be null
* @return the initial sequence of characters that are common to all Strings in the array; empty
* String if the array is null, the elements are all null or if there is no common
* prefix.
*/
public static String getCommonPrefix(final String... strs) {
if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
final int smallestIndexOfDiff = indexOfDifference(strs);
if (smallestIndexOfDiff == INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
// all strings were identical
if (strs[0] == null) {
return EMPTY;
}
return strs[0];
}
else if (smallestIndexOfDiff == 0) {
// there were no common initial characters
return EMPTY;
}
else {
// we found a common initial character sequence
return strs[0].substring(0, smallestIndexOfDiff);
}
}
// Misc
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Find the Levenshtein distance between two Strings.
*
*
* This is the number of changes needed to change one String into another, where each change is
* a single character modification (deletion, insertion or substitution).
*
*
* The previous implementation of the Levenshtein distance algorithm was from http://www.merriampark.com/ld.htm
*
*
* Chas Emerick has written an implementation in Java, which avoids an OutOfMemoryError which
* can occur when my Java implementation is used with very large strings.
* This implementation of the Levenshtein distance algorithm is from http://www.merriampark.com/ldjava.htm
*
*
*
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance(null, *) = IllegalArgumentException
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance(*, null) = IllegalArgumentException
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("","") = 0
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("","a") = 1
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("aaapppp", "") = 7
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("frog", "fog") = 1
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("fly", "ant") = 3
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("elephant", "hippo") = 7
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("hippo", "elephant") = 7
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("hippo", "zzzzzzzz") = 8
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("hello", "hallo") = 1
*
*
* @param s the first String, must not be null
* @param t the second String, must not be null
* @return result distance
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if either String input {@code null}
*/
public static int getLevenshteinDistance(CharSequence s, CharSequence t) {
if (s == null || t == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Strings must not be null");
}
/*
* The difference between this impl. and the previous is that, rather than creating and
* retaining a matrix of size s.length() + 1 by t.length() + 1, we maintain two
* single-dimensional arrays of length s.length() + 1. The first, d, is the 'current
* working' distance array that maintains the newest distance cost counts as we iterate
* through the characters of String s. Each time we increment the index of String t we are
* comparing, d is copied to p, the second int[]. Doing so allows us to retain the previous
* cost counts as required by the algorithm (taking the minimum of the cost count to the
* left, up one, and diagonally up and to the left of the current cost count being
* calculated). (Note that the arrays aren't really copied anymore, just switched...this is
* clearly much better than cloning an array or doing a System.arraycopy() each time through
* the outer loop.) Effectively, the difference between the two implementations is this one
* does not cause an out of memory condition when calculating the LD over two very large
* strings.
*/
int n = s.length(); // length of s
int m = t.length(); // length of t
if (n == 0) {
return m;
}
else if (m == 0) {
return n;
}
if (n > m) {
// swap the input strings to consume less memory
final CharSequence tmp = s;
s = t;
t = tmp;
n = m;
m = t.length();
}
int p[] = new int[n + 1]; // 'previous' cost array, horizontally
int d[] = new int[n + 1]; // cost array, horizontally
int _d[]; // placeholder to assist in swapping p and d
// indexes into strings s and t
int i; // iterates through s
int j; // iterates through t
char t_j; // jth character of t
int cost; // cost
for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
p[i] = i;
}
for (j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
t_j = t.charAt(j - 1);
d[0] = j;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
cost = s.charAt(i - 1) == t_j ? 0 : 1;
// minimum of cell to the left+1, to the top+1, diagonally left and up +cost
d[i] = Math.min(Math.min(d[i - 1] + 1, p[i] + 1), p[i - 1] + cost);
}
// copy current distance counts to 'previous row' distance counts
_d = p;
p = d;
d = _d;
}
// our last action in the above loop was to switch d and p, so p now
// actually has the most recent cost counts
return p[n];
}
/**
*
* Find the Levenshtein distance between two Strings if it's less than or equal to a given
* threshold.
*
*
* This is the number of changes needed to change one String into another, where each change is
* a single character modification (deletion, insertion or substitution).
*
*
* This implementation follows from Algorithms on Strings, Trees and Sequences by Dan Gusfield
* and Chas Emerick's implementation of the Levenshtein distance algorithm from http://www.merriampark.com/ld.htm
*
*
*
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance(null, *, *) = IllegalArgumentException
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance(*, null, *) = IllegalArgumentException
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance(*, *, -1) = IllegalArgumentException
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("","", 0) = 0
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("aaapppp", "", 8) = 7
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("aaapppp", "", 7) = 7
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("aaapppp", "", 6)) = -1
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("elephant", "hippo", 7) = 7
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("elephant", "hippo", 6) = -1
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("hippo", "elephant", 7) = 7
* Strings.getLevenshteinDistance("hippo", "elephant", 6) = -1
*
*
* @param s the first String, must not be null
* @param t the second String, must not be null
* @param threshold the target threshold, must not be negative
* @return result distance, or {@code -1} if the distance would be greater than the threshold
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if either String input {@code null} or negative threshold
*/
public static int getLevenshteinDistance(CharSequence s, CharSequence t, final int threshold) {
if (s == null || t == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Strings must not be null");
}
if (threshold < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Threshold must not be negative");
}
/*
* This implementation only computes the distance if it's less than or equal to the
* threshold value, returning -1 if it's greater. The advantage is performance: unbounded
* distance is O(nm), but a bound of k allows us to reduce it to O(km) time by only
* computing a diagonal stripe of width 2k + 1 of the cost table. It is also possible to use
* this to compute the unbounded Levenshtein distance by starting the threshold at 1 and
* doubling each time until the distance is found; this is O(dm), where d is the distance.
* One subtlety comes from needing to ignore entries on the border of our stripe eg. p[] =
* |#|#|#|* d[] = *|#|#|#| We must ignore the entry to the left of the leftmost member We
* must ignore the entry above the rightmost member Another subtlety comes from our stripe
* running off the matrix if the strings aren't of the same size. Since string s is always
* swapped to be the shorter of the two, the stripe will always run off to the upper right
* instead of the lower left of the matrix. As a concrete example, suppose s is of length 5,
* t is of length 7, and our threshold is 1. In this case we're going to walk a stripe of
* length 3. The matrix would look like so: 1 2 3 4 5 1 |#|#| | | | 2 |#|#|#| | | 3 |
* |#|#|#| | 4 | | |#|#|#| 5 | | | |#|#| 6 | | | | |#| 7 | | | | | | Note how the stripe
* leads off the table as there is no possible way to turn a string of length 5 into one of
* length 7 in edit distance of 1. Additionally, this implementation decreases memory usage
* by using two single-dimensional arrays and swapping them back and forth instead of
* allocating an entire n by m matrix. This requires a few minor changes, such as
* immediately returning when it's detected that the stripe has run off the matrix and
* initially filling the arrays with large values so that entries we don't compute are
* ignored. See Algorithms on Strings, Trees and Sequences by Dan Gusfield for some
* discussion.
*/
int n = s.length(); // length of s
int m = t.length(); // length of t
// if one string is empty, the edit distance is necessarily the length of the other
if (n == 0) {
return m <= threshold ? m : -1;
}
else if (m == 0) {
return n <= threshold ? n : -1;
}
if (n > m) {
// swap the two strings to consume less memory
final CharSequence tmp = s;
s = t;
t = tmp;
n = m;
m = t.length();
}
int p[] = new int[n + 1]; // 'previous' cost array, horizontally
int d[] = new int[n + 1]; // cost array, horizontally
int _d[]; // placeholder to assist in swapping p and d
// fill in starting table values
final int boundary = Math.min(n, threshold) + 1;
for (int i = 0; i < boundary; i++) {
p[i] = i;
}
// these fills ensure that the value above the rightmost entry of our
// stripe will be ignored in following loop iterations
Arrays.fill(p, boundary, p.length, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
Arrays.fill(d, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
// iterates through t
for (int j = 1; j <= m; j++) {
final char t_j = t.charAt(j - 1); // jth character of t
d[0] = j;
// compute stripe indices, constrain to array size
final int min = Math.max(1, j - threshold);
final int max = Math.min(n, j + threshold);
// the stripe may lead off of the table if s and t are of different sizes
if (min > max) {
return -1;
}
// ignore entry left of leftmost
if (min > 1) {
d[min - 1] = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
}
// iterates through [min, max] in s
for (int i = min; i <= max; i++) {
if (s.charAt(i - 1) == t_j) {
// diagonally left and up
d[i] = p[i - 1];
}
else {
// 1 + minimum of cell to the left, to the top, diagonally left and up
d[i] = 1 + Math.min(Math.min(d[i - 1], p[i]), p[i - 1]);
}
}
// copy current distance counts to 'previous row' distance counts
_d = p;
p = d;
d = _d;
}
// if p[n] is greater than the threshold, there's no guarantee on it being the correct
// distance
if (p[n] <= threshold) {
return p[n];
}
return -1;
}
// startsWith
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Check if a CharSequence starts with a specified prefix.
*
*
* {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null} references are considered to
* be equal. The comparison is case sensitive.
*
*
*
* Strings.startsWith(null, null) = true
* Strings.startsWith(null, "abc") = false
* Strings.startsWith("abcdef", null) = false
* Strings.startsWith("abcdef", "abc") = true
* Strings.startsWith("ABCDEF", "abc") = false
*
*
* @see java.lang.String#startsWith(String)
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param prefix the prefix to find, may be null
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence starts with the prefix, case sensitive, or both
* {@code null}
*/
public static boolean startsWith(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence prefix) {
return startsWith(str, prefix, false);
}
/**
*
* Case insensitive check if a CharSequence starts with a specified prefix.
*
*
* {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null} references are considered to
* be equal. The comparison is case insensitive.
*
*
*
* Strings.startsWithIgnoreCase(null, null) = true
* Strings.startsWithIgnoreCase(null, "abc") = false
* Strings.startsWithIgnoreCase("abcdef", null) = false
* Strings.startsWithIgnoreCase("abcdef", "abc") = true
* Strings.startsWithIgnoreCase("ABCDEF", "abc") = true
*
*
* @see java.lang.String#startsWith(String)
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param prefix the prefix to find, may be null
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence starts with the prefix, case insensitive, or both
* {@code null}
*/
public static boolean startsWithIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence prefix) {
return startsWith(str, prefix, true);
}
/**
*
* Check if a CharSequence starts with a specified prefix (optionally case insensitive).
*
*
* @see java.lang.String#startsWith(String)
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param prefix the prefix to find, may be null
* @param ignoreCase indicates whether the compare should ignore case (case insensitive) or not.
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence starts with the prefix or both {@code null}
*/
private static boolean startsWith(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence prefix, final boolean ignoreCase) {
if (str == null || prefix == null) {
return str == null && prefix == null;
}
if (prefix.length() > str.length()) {
return false;
}
return CharSequences.regionMatches(str, ignoreCase, 0, prefix, 0, prefix.length());
}
/**
*
* Check if a CharSequence starts with any of an array of specified strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.startsWithAny(null, null) = false
* Strings.startsWithAny(null, new String[] {"abc"}) = false
* Strings.startsWithAny("abcxyz", null) = false
* Strings.startsWithAny("abcxyz", new String[] {""}) = false
* Strings.startsWithAny("abcxyz", new String[] {"abc"}) = true
* Strings.startsWithAny("abcxyz", new String[] {null, "xyz", "abc"}) = true
*
*
* @param string the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStrings the CharSequences to find, may be null or empty
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence starts with any of the the prefixes, case
* insensitive, or both {@code null}
*/
public static boolean startsWithAny(final CharSequence string, final CharSequence... searchStrings) {
if (isEmpty(string) || Arrays.isEmpty(searchStrings)) {
return false;
}
for (final CharSequence searchString : searchStrings) {
if (Strings.startsWith(string, searchString)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
// endsWith
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Check if a CharSequence ends with a specified suffix.
*
*
* {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null} references are considered to
* be equal. The comparison is case sensitive.
*
*
*
* Strings.endsWith(null, null) = true
* Strings.endsWith(null, "def") = false
* Strings.endsWith("abcdef", null) = false
* Strings.endsWith("abcdef", "def") = true
* Strings.endsWith("ABCDEF", "def") = false
* Strings.endsWith("ABCDEF", "cde") = false
*
*
* @see java.lang.String#endsWith(String)
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param suffix the suffix to find, may be null
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence ends with the suffix, case sensitive, or both
* {@code null}
*/
public static boolean endsWith(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence suffix) {
return endsWith(str, suffix, false);
}
/**
*
* Case insensitive check if a CharSequence ends with a specified suffix.
*
*
* {@code null}s are handled without exceptions. Two {@code null} references are considered to
* be equal. The comparison is case insensitive.
*
*
*
* Strings.endsWithIgnoreCase(null, null) = true
* Strings.endsWithIgnoreCase(null, "def") = false
* Strings.endsWithIgnoreCase("abcdef", null) = false
* Strings.endsWithIgnoreCase("abcdef", "def") = true
* Strings.endsWithIgnoreCase("ABCDEF", "def") = true
* Strings.endsWithIgnoreCase("ABCDEF", "cde") = false
*
*
* @see java.lang.String#endsWith(String)
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param suffix the suffix to find, may be null
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence ends with the suffix, case insensitive, or both
* {@code null}
*/
public static boolean endsWithIgnoreCase(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence suffix) {
return endsWith(str, suffix, true);
}
/**
*
* Check if a CharSequence ends with a specified suffix (optionally case insensitive).
*
*
* @see java.lang.String#endsWith(String)
* @param str the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param suffix the suffix to find, may be null
* @param ignoreCase indicates whether the compare should ignore case (case insensitive) or not.
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence starts with the prefix or both {@code null}
*/
private static boolean endsWith(final CharSequence str, final CharSequence suffix, final boolean ignoreCase) {
if (str == null || suffix == null) {
return str == null && suffix == null;
}
if (suffix.length() > str.length()) {
return false;
}
final int strOffset = str.length() - suffix.length();
return CharSequences.regionMatches(str, ignoreCase, strOffset, suffix, 0, suffix.length());
}
/**
*
* Similar to http://www.w3.org/TR
* /xpath/#function-normalize -space
*
*
* The function returns the argument string with whitespace normalized by using
* {@link #trim(CharSequence)} to remove leading and trailing whitespace and then
* replacing sequences of whitespace characters by a single space.
*
* In XML Whitespace characters are the same as those allowed by the S production, which is S ::= (#x20 | #x9 | #xD
* | #xA)+
*
* Java's regexp pattern \s defines whitespace as [ \t\n\x0B\f\r]
*
* For reference:
*
* - \x0B = vertical tab
* - \f = #xC = form feed
* - #x20 = space
* - #x9 = \t
* - #xA = \n
* - #xD = \r
*
*
*
* The difference is that Java's whitespace includes vertical tab and form feed, which this
* functional will also normalize. Additionally {@link #trim(CharSequence)} removes
* control characters (char <= 32) from both ends of this String.
*
*
* @see Pattern
* @see #trim(CharSequence)
* @see http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/#function-normalize-space
* @param str the source String to normalize whitespaces from, may be null
* @return the modified string with whitespace normalized, {@code null} if null String input
*/
public static String normalizeSpace(final String str) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
return WHITESPACE_PATTERN.matcher(trim(str)).replaceAll(SPACE);
}
/**
*
* Check if a CharSequence ends with any of an array of specified strings.
*
*
*
* Strings.endsWithAny(null, null) = false
* Strings.endsWithAny(null, new String[] {"abc"}) = false
* Strings.endsWithAny("abcxyz", null) = false
* Strings.endsWithAny("abcxyz", new String[] {""}) = true
* Strings.endsWithAny("abcxyz", new String[] {"xyz"}) = true
* Strings.endsWithAny("abcxyz", new String[] {null, "xyz", "abc"}) = true
*
*
* @param string the CharSequence to check, may be null
* @param searchStrings the CharSequences to find, may be null or empty
* @return {@code true} if the CharSequence ends with any of the the prefixes, case insensitive,
* or both {@code null}
*/
public static boolean endsWithAny(final CharSequence string, final CharSequence... searchStrings) {
if (isEmpty(string) || Arrays.isEmpty(searchStrings)) {
return false;
}
for (final CharSequence searchString : searchStrings) {
if (Strings.endsWith(string, searchString)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Appends the suffix to the end of the string if the string does not already end in the suffix.
*
* @param str The string.
* @param suffix The suffix to append to the end of the string.
* @param ignoreCase Indicates whether the compare should ignore case.
* @param suffixes Additional suffixes that are valid terminators (optional).
* @return A new String if suffix was appened, the same string otherwise.
*/
private static String appendIfMissing(final String str, final CharSequence suffix, final boolean ignoreCase,
final CharSequence... suffixes) {
if (str == null || isEmpty(suffix) || endsWith(str, suffix, ignoreCase)) {
return str;
}
if (suffixes != null && suffixes.length > 0) {
for (final CharSequence s : suffixes) {
if (endsWith(str, s, ignoreCase)) {
return str;
}
}
}
return str + suffix.toString();
}
/**
* Appends the suffix to the end of the string if the string does not already end with any the
* suffixes.
*
*
* Strings.appendIfMissing(null, null) = null
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abc", null) = "abc"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("", "xyz") = "xyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abc", "xyz") = "abcxyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abcxyz", "xyz") = "abcxyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abcXYZ", "xyz") = "abcXYZxyz"
*
*
* With additional suffixes,
*
*
*
* Strings.appendIfMissing(null, null, null) = null
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abc", null, null) = "abc"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("", "xyz", null) = "xyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abc", "xyz", new CharSequence[]{null}) = "abcxyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abc", "xyz", "") = "abc"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abc", "xyz", "mno") = "abcxyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abcxyz", "xyz", "mno") = "abcxyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abcmno", "xyz", "mno") = "abcmno"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abcXYZ", "xyz", "mno") = "abcXYZxyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissing("abcMNO", "xyz", "mno") = "abcMNOxyz"
*
*
* @param str The string.
* @param suffix The suffix to append to the end of the string.
* @param suffixes Additional suffixes that are valid terminators.
* @return A new String if suffix was appened, the same string otherwise.
*/
public static String appendIfMissing(final String str, final CharSequence suffix, final CharSequence... suffixes) {
return appendIfMissing(str, suffix, false, suffixes);
}
/**
* Appends the suffix to the end of the string if the string does not already end, case
* insensitive, with any of the suffixes.
*
*
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase(null, null) = null
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", null) = "abc"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("", "xyz") = "xyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", "xyz") = "abcxyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abcxyz", "xyz") = "abcxyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abcXYZ", "xyz") = "abcXYZ"
*
*
* With additional suffixes,
*
*
*
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase(null, null, null) = null
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", null, null) = "abc"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("", "xyz", null) = "xyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", "xyz", new CharSequence[]{null}) = "abcxyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", "xyz", "") = "abc"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", "xyz", "mno") = "axyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abcxyz", "xyz", "mno") = "abcxyz"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abcmno", "xyz", "mno") = "abcmno"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abcXYZ", "xyz", "mno") = "abcXYZ"
* Strings.appendIfMissingIgnoreCase("abcMNO", "xyz", "mno") = "abcMNO"
*
*
* @param str The string.
* @param suffix The suffix to append to the end of the string.
* @param suffixes Additional suffixes that are valid terminators.
* @return A new String if suffix was appened, the same string otherwise.
*/
public static String appendIfMissingIgnoreCase(final String str, final CharSequence suffix,
final CharSequence... suffixes) {
return appendIfMissing(str, suffix, true, suffixes);
}
/**
* Prepends the prefix to the start of the string if the string does not already start with any
* of the prefixes.
*
* @param str The string.
* @param prefix The prefix to prepend to the start of the string.
* @param ignoreCase Indicates whether the compare should ignore case.
* @param prefixes Additional prefixes that are valid (optional).
* @return A new String if prefix was prepended, the same string otherwise.
*/
private static String prependIfMissing(final String str, final CharSequence prefix, final boolean ignoreCase,
final CharSequence... prefixes) {
if (str == null || isEmpty(prefix) || startsWith(str, prefix, ignoreCase)) {
return str;
}
if (prefixes != null && prefixes.length > 0) {
for (final CharSequence p : prefixes) {
if (startsWith(str, p, ignoreCase)) {
return str;
}
}
}
return prefix.toString() + str;
}
/**
* Prepends the prefix to the start of the string if the string does not already start with any
* of the prefixes.
*
*
* Strings.prependIfMissing(null, null) = null
* Strings.prependIfMissing("abc", null) = "abc"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("", "xyz") = "xyz"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("abc", "xyz") = "xyzabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("xyzabc", "xyz") = "xyzabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("XYZabc", "xyz") = "xyzXYZabc"
*
*
* With additional prefixes,
*
*
*
* Strings.prependIfMissing(null, null, null) = null
* Strings.prependIfMissing("abc", null, null) = "abc"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("", "xyz", null) = "xyz"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("abc", "xyz", new CharSequence[]{null}) = "xyzabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("abc", "xyz", "") = "abc"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("abc", "xyz", "mno") = "xyzabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("xyzabc", "xyz", "mno") = "xyzabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("mnoabc", "xyz", "mno") = "mnoabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("XYZabc", "xyz", "mno") = "xyzXYZabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissing("MNOabc", "xyz", "mno") = "xyzMNOabc"
*
*
* @param str The string.
* @param prefix The prefix to prepend to the start of the string.
* @param prefixes Additional prefixes that are valid.
* @return A new String if prefix was prepended, the same string otherwise.
*/
public static String prependIfMissing(final String str, final CharSequence prefix, final CharSequence... prefixes) {
return prependIfMissing(str, prefix, false, prefixes);
}
/**
* Prepends the prefix to the start of the string if the string does not already start, case
* insensitive, with any of the prefixes.
*
*
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase(null, null) = null
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", null) = "abc"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("", "xyz") = "xyz"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", "xyz") = "xyzabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("xyzabc", "xyz") = "xyzabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("XYZabc", "xyz") = "XYZabc"
*
*
* With additional prefixes,
*
*
*
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase(null, null, null) = null
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", null, null) = "abc"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("", "xyz", null) = "xyz"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", "xyz", new CharSequence[]{null}) = "xyzabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", "xyz", "") = "abc"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("abc", "xyz", "mno") = "xyzabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("xyzabc", "xyz", "mno") = "xyzabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("mnoabc", "xyz", "mno") = "mnoabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("XYZabc", "xyz", "mno") = "XYZabc"
* Strings.prependIfMissingIgnoreCase("MNOabc", "xyz", "mno") = "MNOabc"
*
*
* @param str The string.
* @param prefix The prefix to prepend to the start of the string.
* @param prefixes Additional prefixes that are valid (optional).
* @return A new String if prefix was prepended, the same string otherwise.
*/
public static String prependIfMissingIgnoreCase(final String str, final CharSequence prefix,
final CharSequence... prefixes) {
return prependIfMissing(str, prefix, true, prefixes);
}
/**
* Converts a byte[] to a String using the specified character encoding.
*
* @param bytes the byte array to read from
* @param charsetName the encoding to use, if null then use the platform default
* @return a new String
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException If the named charset is not supported
* @throws NullPointerException if the input is null
*/
public static String toString(byte[] bytes, String charsetName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
return charsetName == null ? new String(bytes) : new String(bytes, charsetName);
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// General convenience methods for working with Strings
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
*
* Checks if a String is a control character(c < 0x20 && c != '\t' && c != '\r' &&& c != '\n')
* text.
*
*
* @param str the String to check, may be null
* @return true if the String is a control string
*/
public static boolean isControl(CharSequence str) {
int strLen;
if (str == null || (strLen = str.length()) == 0) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < strLen; i++) {
char c = str.charAt(i);
if (c >= 0x20 || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n') {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
*
* Checks if a String is a printable text.
*
*
*
* Strings.isPrintable(null) = false
* Strings.isPrintable("") = false
* Strings.isPrintable(" ") = false
* Strings.isPrintable("bob") = true
* Strings.isPrintable("\u0003 \r\n") = false
*
*
* @param str the String to check, may be null
* @return true if the String is a printable string
*/
public static boolean isPrintable(CharSequence str) {
int strLen;
if (str == null || (strLen = str.length()) == 0) {
return false;
}
for (int i = 0; i < strLen; i++) {
char c = str.charAt(i);
if (c > 0x20 && !Chars.isSpace(c)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Trim all occurences of the leading/trailing space character from the given String[].
*
* @param strs the String[] to trim
* @return the trimmed String[]
*/
public static String[] trimAll(String[] strs) {
if (strs == null) {
return null;
}
for (int i = 0; i < strs.length; i++) {
strs[i] = trim(strs[i]);
}
return strs;
}
/**
*
* Strips whitespace from the start of every String in an array. Whitespace is defined by
* {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
*
*
* A new array is returned each time, except for length zero. A null array will
* return null. An empty array will return itself. A null array entry
* will be ignored.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripAll(null) = null
* Strings.stripAll([]) = []
* Strings.stripAll(["abc", " abc"]) = ["abc", "abc"]
* Strings.stripAll([" abc", null]) = ["abc", null]
* Strings.stripAll([" abc ", null]) = ["abc ", null]
*
*
* @param strs the array to remove whitespace from, may be null
* @return the stripped Strings, null if null array input
*/
public static String[] stripAllStart(CharSequence[] strs) {
return stripAllStart(strs, null);
}
/**
*
* Strips any of a set of characters from the start of every String in an array.
*
* Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
*
* A new array is returned each time, except for length zero. A null array will
* return null. An empty array will return itself. A null array entry
* will be ignored. A null stripChars will strip whitespace as defined by
* {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripAll(null, *) = null
* Strings.stripAll([], *) = []
* Strings.stripAll(["abc", " abc"], null) = ["abc", "abc"]
* Strings.stripAll([" abc", null], null) = ["abc", null]
* Strings.stripAll([" abc ", null], null) = [" abc", null]
* Strings.stripAll([" abc ", null], "yz")= [" abc ", null]
* Strings.stripAll(["yabcz", null], "yz") = ["abcz", null]
*
*
* @param strs the array to remove characters from, may be null
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return the stripped Strings, null if null array input
*/
public static String[] stripAllStart(CharSequence[] strs, String stripChars) {
if (strs == null) {
return null;
}
int strsLen = strs.length;
if (strsLen == 0) {
return EMPTY_ARRAY;
}
String[] newArr = new String[strsLen];
for (int i = 0; i < strsLen; i++) {
newArr[i] = stripStart(strs[i], stripChars);
}
return newArr;
}
/**
*
* Strips whitespace from the end of every String in an array. Whitespace is defined by
* {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
*
*
* A new array is returned each time, except for length zero. A null array will
* return null. An empty array will return itself. A null array entry
* will be ignored.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripAll(null) = null
* Strings.stripAll([]) = []
* Strings.stripAll(["abc", " abc"]) = ["abc", "abc"]
* Strings.stripAll(["abc ", null]) = ["abc", null]
* Strings.stripAll([" abc ", null]) = [" abc", null]
*
*
* @param strs the array to remove whitespace from, may be null
* @return the stripped Strings, null if null array input
*/
public static String[] stripAllEnd(CharSequence[] strs) {
return stripAllEnd(strs, null);
}
/**
*
* Strips any of a set of characters from the end of every String in an array.
*
* Whitespace is defined by {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
*
* A new array is returned each time, except for length zero. A null array will
* return null. An empty array will return itself. A null array entry
* will be ignored. A null stripChars will strip whitespace as defined by
* {@link Character#isWhitespace(char)}.
*
*
*
* Strings.stripAll(null, *) = null
* Strings.stripAll([], *) = []
* Strings.stripAll(["abc", " abc"], null) = ["abc", "abc"]
* Strings.stripAll(["abc ", null], null) = ["abc", null]
* Strings.stripAll([" abc ", null], null) = [" abc", null]
* Strings.stripAll([" abc ", null], "yz")= [" abc ", null]
* Strings.stripAll(["yabcz", null], "yz") = ["yabc", null]
*
*
* @param strs the array to remove characters from, may be null
* @param stripChars the characters to remove, null treated as whitespace
* @return the stripped Strings, null if null array input
*/
public static String[] stripAllEnd(CharSequence[] strs, String stripChars) {
if (strs == null) {
return null;
}
int strsLen = strs.length;
if (strsLen == 0) {
return EMPTY_ARRAY;
}
String[] newArr = new String[strsLen];
for (int i = 0; i < strsLen; i++) {
newArr[i] = stripEnd(strs[i], stripChars);
}
return newArr;
}
/**
*
* Splits the provided text into an array.
*
*
* Strings.splitChars(null) = null
* Strings.splitChars("") = []
* Strings.splitChars("a d") = ["a", " ", "d"]
*
*
* @param str the String to parse, may be null
* @return an array of parsed Strings, null if null String input
*/
public static String[] splitChars(String str) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
int len = str.length();
String[] ss = new String[len];
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
ss[i] = str.substring(i, i + 1);
}
return ss;
}
/**
*
* Check if a String starts with any char of the specified chars.
*
*
*
* Strings.startsWithChars(null, null) = false
* Strings.startsWithChars(null, "abc") = false
* Strings.startsWithChars("abcxyz", null) = false
* Strings.startsWithChars("abcxyz", "") = false
* Strings.startsWithChars("abcxyz", "abc") = true
*
*
* @param string the String to check, may be null
* @param chars the chars to find, may be null or empty
* @return true if the String starts with any of the chars
*/
public static boolean startsWithChars(CharSequence string, String chars) {
if (isEmpty(string) || isEmpty(chars)) {
return false;
}
char s = string.charAt(0);
for (int i = 0; i < chars.length(); i++) {
char c = chars.charAt(i);
if (s == c) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
*
* Check if a String starts with any char of the specified chars (case insensitive).
*
*
*
* Strings.startsWithChars(null, null) = false
* Strings.startsWithChars(null, "abc") = false
* Strings.startsWithChars("abcxyz", null) = false
* Strings.startsWithChars("abcxyz", "") = false
* Strings.startsWithChars("abcxyz", "abc") = true
*
*
* @param string the String to check, may be null
* @param chars the chars to find, may be null or empty
* @return true if the String starts with any of the the prefixes
*/
public static boolean startsWithCharsIgnoreCase(CharSequence string, String chars) {
if (isEmpty(string) || isEmpty(chars)) {
return false;
}
char s = string.charAt(0);
s = Character.toLowerCase(s);
for (int i = 0; i < chars.length(); i++) {
char c = chars.charAt(i);
c = Character.toLowerCase(c);
if (s == c) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
*
* Check if a String starts with any char of the specified chars.
*
*
*
* Strings.startsWithChar(null, 'a') = false
* Strings.startsWithChar("abcxyz", 'a') = true
*
*
* @param string the String to check, may be null
* @param find the char to find, may be null
* @return true if the String starts with the char
*/
public static boolean startsWithChar(CharSequence string, char find) {
if (isEmpty(string)) {
return false;
}
return find == string.charAt(0);
}
/**
*
* Check if a String starts with any char of the specified chars (case insensitive).
*
*
*
* Strings.startsWithChar(null, 'a') = false
* Strings.startsWithChar("abcxyz", 'a') = true
*
*
* @param string the String to check, may be null
* @param find the char to find, may be null
* @return true if the String starts with the char
*/
public static boolean startsWithCharIgnoreCase(CharSequence string, char find) {
if (isEmpty(string)) {
return false;
}
char c = string.charAt(0);
c = Character.toLowerCase(c);
find = Character.toLowerCase(find);
return c == find;
}
/**
*
* Check if a String starts with any char of the specified chars.
*
*
*
* Strings.endsWithChars(null, null) = false
* Strings.endsWithChars(null, "abc") = false
* Strings.endsWithChars("abcxyz", null) = false
* Strings.endsWithChars("abcxyz", "") = false
* Strings.endsWithChars("abcxyz", "abc") = true
*
*
* @param string the String to check, may be null
* @param chars the chars to find, may be null or empty
* @return true if the String ends with any of the chars
*/
public static boolean endsWithChars(CharSequence string, CharSequence chars) {
if (isEmpty(string) || isEmpty(chars)) {
return false;
}
char e = string.charAt(string.length() - 1);
for (int i = 0; i < chars.length(); i++) {
char c = chars.charAt(i);
if (e == c) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
*
* Check if a String starts with any char of the specified chars (case insensitive).
*
*
*
* Strings.endsWithChars(null, null) = false
* Strings.endsWithChars(null, "abc") = false
* Strings.endsWithChars("abcxyz", null) = false
* Strings.endsWithChars("abcxyz", "") = false
* Strings.endsWithChars("abcxyz", "abc") = true
*
*
* @param string the String to check, may be null
* @param chars the chars to find, may be null or empty
* @return true if the String ends with any of the the prefixes
*/
public static boolean endsWithCharsIgnoreCase(CharSequence string, CharSequence chars) {
if (isEmpty(string) || isEmpty(chars)) {
return false;
}
char e = string.charAt(string.length() - 1);
e = Character.toLowerCase(e);
for (int i = 0; i < chars.length(); i++) {
char c = chars.charAt(i);
c = Character.toLowerCase(c);
if (e == c) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
*
* Check if a String starts with any char of the specified chars.
*
*
*
* Strings.endsWithChar(null, 'a') = false
* Strings.endsWithChar("abcxyz", 'a') = true
*
*
* @param string the String to check, may be null
* @param find the char to find, may be null
* @return true if the String starts with the char
*/
public static boolean endsWithChar(CharSequence string, char find) {
if (isEmpty(string)) {
return false;
}
return find == string.charAt(string.length() - 1);
}
/**
*
* Check if a String ends with any char of the specified chars (case insensitive).
*
*
*
* Strings.endsWithChar(null, 'a') = false
* Strings.endsWithChar("abcxyz", 'z') = true
*
*
* @param string the String to check, may be null
* @param find the char to find, may be null
* @return true if the String ends with the char
*/
public static boolean endsWithCharIgnoreCase(CharSequence string, char find) {
if (isEmpty(string)) {
return false;
}
char c = string.charAt(string.length() - 1);
c = Character.toLowerCase(c);
find = Character.toLowerCase(find);
return c == find;
}
/**
* Test whether the given string matches the given substring at the given index.
*
* @param str the original string (or StringBuffer)
* @param index the index in the original string to start matching against
* @param substring the substring to match at the given index
* @return true if the given string matches the given substring at the given index
*/
public static boolean substringMatch(CharSequence str, int index, CharSequence substring) {
for (int j = 0; j < substring.length(); j++) {
int i = index + j;
if (i >= str.length() || str.charAt(i) != substring.charAt(j)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Count the occurrences of the substring in string s.
*
* @param str string to search in. Return 0 if this is null.
* @param sub string to search for. Return 0 if this is null.
* @return count
*/
public static int countOccurrencesOf(String str, String sub) {
if (str == null || sub == null || str.length() == 0 || sub.length() == 0) {
return 0;
}
int count = 0, pos = 0, idx = 0;
while ((idx = str.indexOf(sub, pos)) != -1) {
++count;
pos = idx + sub.length();
}
return count;
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Convenience methods for working with formatted Strings
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Quote the given String with single quotes.
*
* @param str the input String (e.g. "myString")
* @return the quoted String (e.g. "'myString'"), or
* null if the input was null
*/
public static String quote(String str) {
return (str != null ? "'" + str + "'" : null);
}
/**
* Turn the given Object into a String with single quotes if it is a String; keeping the Object
* as-is else.
*
* @param obj the input Object (e.g. "myString")
* @return the quoted String (e.g. "'myString'"), or the input object as-is if not a String
*/
public static Object quoteIfString(Object obj) {
return (obj instanceof String ? quote((String)obj) : obj);
}
/**
* Unqualify a string qualified by a '.' dot character. For example, "this.name.is.qualified",
* returns "qualified".
*
* @param qualifiedName the qualified name
* @return unqualified string
*/
public static String unqualify(String qualifiedName) {
return unqualify(qualifiedName, '.');
}
/**
* Unqualify a string qualified by a separator character. For example, "this:name:is:qualified"
* returns "qualified" if using a ':' separator.
*
* @param qualifiedName the qualified name
* @param separator the separator
* @return unqualified string
*/
public static String unqualify(String qualifiedName, char separator) {
return qualifiedName.substring(qualifiedName.lastIndexOf(separator) + 1);
}
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
// Convenience methods for working with String arrays
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Convenience method to return a Collection as a delimited (e.g. CSV) String. E.g. useful for
* toString() implementations.
*
* @param coll the Collection to display
* @return the delimited String
*/
public static String join(Collection coll) {
return join(coll, EMPTY);
}
/**
* Convenience method to return a Collection as a delimited (e.g. CSV) String. E.g. useful for
* toString() implementations.
*
* @param coll the Collection to display
* @param delimiter the delimiter to use (probably a ",")
* @return the delimited String
*/
public static String join(Collection coll, String delimiter) {
return join(coll, delimiter, EMPTY, EMPTY);
}
/**
* Convenience method to return a Collection as a delimited (e.g. CSV) String. E.g. useful for
* toString() implementations.
*
* @param coll the Collection to display
* @param delimiter the delimiter to use (probably a ",")
* @param prefix the String to start each element with
* @param suffix the String to end each element with
* @return the delimited String
*/
public static String join(Collection coll, String delimiter, String prefix, String suffix) {
if (coll == null || coll.isEmpty()) {
return "";
}
return join(coll.iterator(), delimiter, prefix, suffix);
}
/**
* Convenience method to return a Iterator as a delimited (e.g. CSV) String. E.g. useful for
* toString() implementations.
*
* @param it the iterator to display
* @param delimiter the delimiter to use (probably a ",")
* @return the delimited String
*/
public static String join(Iterator it, String delimiter) {
return join(it, delimiter, EMPTY, EMPTY);
}
/**
* Convenience method to return a Iterator as a delimited (e.g. CSV) String. E.g. useful for
* toString() implementations.
*
* @param it the iterator to display
* @param delimiter the delimiter to use (probably a ",")
* @param prefix the String to start each element with
* @param suffix the String to end each element with
* @return the delimited String
*/
public static String join(Iterator it, String delimiter, String prefix, String suffix) {
if (it == null) {
return null;
}
if (delimiter == null) {
delimiter = EMPTY;
}
if (prefix == null) {
prefix = EMPTY;
}
if (suffix == null) {
suffix = EMPTY;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
while (it.hasNext()) {
sb.append(prefix).append(defaultString(it.next())).append(suffix);
if (it.hasNext()) {
sb.append(delimiter);
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(boolean[] array) {
return join(array, EMPTY);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(boolean[] array, String separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(boolean[] array, String separator, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
if (separator == null) {
separator = EMPTY;
}
// endIndex - startIndex > 0: Len = NofStrings *(len(firstString) + len(separator))
// (Assuming that all Strings are roughly equally long)
int bufSize = (endIndex - startIndex);
if (bufSize <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
sb.append(separator);
}
sb.append(array[i]);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(byte[] array, String separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(byte[] array) {
return join(array, EMPTY);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(byte[] array, String separator, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
if (separator == null) {
separator = EMPTY;
}
// endIndex - startIndex > 0: Len = NofStrings *(len(firstString) + len(separator))
// (Assuming that all Strings are roughly equally long)
int bufSize = (endIndex - startIndex);
if (bufSize <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
sb.append(separator);
}
sb.append(array[i]);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(char[] array) {
return join(array);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(char[] array, String separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(char[] array, String separator, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
if (separator == null) {
separator = EMPTY;
}
// endIndex - startIndex > 0: Len = NofStrings *(len(firstString) + len(separator))
// (Assuming that all Strings are roughly equally long)
int bufSize = (endIndex - startIndex);
if (bufSize <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
sb.append(separator);
}
sb.append(array[i]);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(double[] array) {
return join(array, EMPTY);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(double[] array, String separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(double[] array, String separator, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
if (separator == null) {
separator = EMPTY;
}
// endIndex - startIndex > 0: Len = NofStrings *(len(firstString) + len(separator))
// (Assuming that all Strings are roughly equally long)
int bufSize = (endIndex - startIndex);
if (bufSize <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
sb.append(separator);
}
sb.append(array[i]);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(float[] array) {
return join(array, EMPTY);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(float[] array, String separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(float[] array, String separator, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
if (separator == null) {
separator = EMPTY;
}
// endIndex - startIndex > 0: Len = NofStrings *(len(firstString) + len(separator))
// (Assuming that all Strings are roughly equally long)
int bufSize = (endIndex - startIndex);
if (bufSize <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
sb.append(separator);
}
sb.append(array[i]);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(short[] array) {
return join(array, EMPTY);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(short[] array, String separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(short[] array, String separator, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
if (separator == null) {
separator = EMPTY;
}
// endIndex - startIndex > 0: Len = NofStrings *(len(firstString) + len(separator))
// (Assuming that all Strings are roughly equally long)
int bufSize = (endIndex - startIndex);
if (bufSize <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
sb.append(separator);
}
sb.append(array[i]);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(int[] array) {
return join(array, EMPTY);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(int[] array, String separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(int[] array, String separator, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
if (separator == null) {
separator = EMPTY;
}
// endIndex - startIndex > 0: Len = NofStrings *(len(firstString) + len(separator))
// (Assuming that all Strings are roughly equally long)
int bufSize = (endIndex - startIndex);
if (bufSize <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
sb.append(separator);
}
sb.append(array[i]);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(long[] array) {
return join(array, EMPTY);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(long[] array, String separator) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
return join(array, separator, 0, array.length);
}
/**
*
* Joins the elements of the provided array into a single String containing the provided list of
* elements.
*
*
* No delimiter is added before or after the list. A null separator is the same as
* an empty String (""). Null objects or empty strings within the array are represented by empty
* strings.
*
*
* @param array the array of values to join together, may be null
* @param separator the separator character to use, null treated as ""
* @param startIndex the first index to start joining from. It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @param endIndex the index to stop joining from (exclusive). It is an error to pass in an end
* index past the end of the array
* @return the joined String, null if null array input
*/
public static String join(long[] array, String separator, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
if (array == null) {
return null;
}
if (separator == null) {
separator = EMPTY;
}
// endIndex - startIndex > 0: Len = NofStrings *(len(firstString) + len(separator))
// (Assuming that all Strings are roughly equally long)
int bufSize = (endIndex - startIndex);
if (bufSize <= 0) {
return EMPTY;
}
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (i > startIndex) {
sb.append(separator);
}
sb.append(array[i]);
}
return sb.toString();
}
/**
* Copy the given Collection into a String array. The Collection must contain String elements
* only.
*
* @param collection the Collection to copy
* @return the String array (null if the passed-in Collection was null
* )
*/
public static String[] toStringArray(Collection collection) {
if (collection == null) {
return null;
}
return collection.toArray(new String[collection.size()]);
}
/**
* Copy the given arguments into a String array.
*
* @param args arguments
* @return the String array (null if the passed-in args was null
* )
*/
public static String[] toStringArray(Object... args) {
if (args == null) {
return null;
}
String[] ss = new String[args.length];
for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
if (args[i] == null) {
ss[i] = null;
}
else {
ss[i] = args.toString();
}
}
return ss;
}
/**
* Copy the given Enumeration into a String array. The Enumeration must contain String elements
* only.
*
* @param enumeration the Enumeration to copy
* @return the String array (null if the passed-in Enumeration was
* null)
*/
public static String[] toStringArray(Enumeration enumeration) {
if (enumeration == null) {
return null;
}
List list = Collections.list(enumeration);
return list.toArray(new String[list.size()]);
}
/**
* Take an array Strings and split each element based on the given delimiter. A
* Properties instance is then generated, with the left of the delimiter providing
* the key, and the right of the delimiter providing the value.
*
* Will trim both the key and value before adding them to the Properties instance.
*
* @param array the array to process
* @param delimiter to split each element using (typically the equals symbol)
* @return a Properties instance representing the array contents, or
* null if the array to process was null or empty
*/
public static Properties splitArrayElementsIntoProperties(String[] array, String delimiter) {
return splitArrayElementsIntoProperties(array, delimiter, null);
}
/**
* Take an array Strings and split each element based on the given delimiter. A
* Properties instance is then generated, with the left of the delimiter providing
* the key, and the right of the delimiter providing the value.
*
* Will trim both the key and value before adding them to the Properties instance.
*
* @param array the array to process
* @param delimiter to split each element using (typically the equals symbol)
* @param charsToDelete one or more characters to remove from each element prior to attempting
* the split operation (typically the quotation mark symbol), or null if
* no removal should occur
* @return a Properties instance representing the array contents, or
* null if the array to process was null or empty
*/
public static Properties splitArrayElementsIntoProperties(String[] array, String delimiter, String charsToDelete) {
if (Arrays.isEmpty(array)) {
return null;
}
Properties result = new Properties();
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
String element = array[i];
if (charsToDelete != null) {
element = remove(array[i], charsToDelete);
}
String[] splittedElement = split(element, delimiter);
if (splittedElement == null) {
continue;
}
result.setProperty(splittedElement[0].trim(), splittedElement[1].trim());
}
return result;
}
/**
* Tokenize the given String into a String array via a StringTokenizer. Trims tokens and omits
* empty tokens.
*
* The given delimiters string is supposed to consist of any number of delimiter characters.
* Each of those characters can be used to separate tokens. A delimiter is always a single
* character; for multi-character delimiters, consider using
* delimitedListToStringArray
*
* @param str the String to tokenize
* @param delimiters the delimiter characters, assembled as String (each of those characters is
* individually considered as delimiter).
* @return an array of the tokens
* @see java.util.StringTokenizer
* @see java.lang.String#trim()
* @see #toStringArray
*/
public static String[] tokenizeToStringArray(String str, String delimiters) {
return tokenizeToStringArray(str, delimiters, true, true);
}
/**
* Tokenize the given String into a String array via a StringTokenizer.
*
* The given delimiters string is supposed to consist of any number of delimiter characters.
* Each of those characters can be used to separate tokens. A delimiter is always a single
* character; for multi-character delimiters, consider using
* delimitedListToStringArray
*
* @param str the String to tokenize
* @param delimiters the delimiter characters, assembled as String (each of those characters is
* individually considered as delimiter)
* @param trimTokens trim the tokens via String's trim
* @param ignoreEmptyTokens omit empty tokens from the result array (only applies to tokens that
* are empty after trimming; StringTokenizer will not consider subsequent delimiters
* as token in the first place).
* @return an array of the tokens (null if the input String was null)
* @see java.util.StringTokenizer
* @see java.lang.String#trim()
* @see #toStringArray
*/
public static String[] tokenizeToStringArray(String str, String delimiters, boolean trimTokens,
boolean ignoreEmptyTokens) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(str, delimiters);
List tokens = new ArrayList();
while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
String token = st.nextToken();
if (trimTokens) {
token = token.trim();
}
if (!ignoreEmptyTokens || token.length() > 0) {
tokens.add(token);
}
}
return toStringArray(tokens);
}
/**
* getByteLength
*
* @param str string
* @return byte length
*/
public static int getByteLength(String str) {
if (isEmpty(str)) {
return 0;
}
byte bytes[] = str.getBytes();
return bytes != null ? bytes.length : 0;
}
/**
* getByteLength
*
* @param str string
* @param encode encode
* @return string byte array length
* @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if the encode is not supported
*/
public static int getByteLength(String str, String encode) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (isEmpty(str)) {
return 0;
}
byte bytes[] = null;
if (isEmpty(encode)) {
bytes = str.getBytes();
}
else {
bytes = str.getBytes(encode);
}
return bytes != null ? bytes.length : 0;
}
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// encodings
//
/**
* Encodes the given string into a sequence of bytes using the ISO-8859-1 charset, storing the
* result into a new byte array.
*
* @param string the String to encode
* @return encoded bytes
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when the charset is missing, which should be never
* according the the Java specification.
* @see Standard
* charsets
* @see #getBytes(String, String)
*/
public static byte[] getBytesIso8859_1(String string) {
return getBytes(string, Charsets.ISO_8859_1);
}
/**
* Encodes the given string into a sequence of bytes using the US-ASCII charset, storing the
* result into a new byte array.
*
* @param string the String to encode
* @return encoded bytes
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when the charset is missing, which should be never
* according the the Java specification.
* @see Standard
* charsets
* @see #getBytes(String, String)
*/
public static byte[] getBytesUsAscii(String string) {
return getBytes(string, Charsets.US_ASCII);
}
/**
* Encodes the given string into a sequence of bytes using the UTF-16 charset, storing the
* result into a new byte array.
*
* @param string the String to encode
* @return encoded bytes
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when the charset is missing, which should be never
* according the the Java specification.
* @see Standard
* charsets
* @see #getBytes(String, String)
*/
public static byte[] getBytesUtf16(String string) {
return getBytes(string, Charsets.UTF_16);
}
/**
* Encodes the given string into a sequence of bytes using the UTF-16BE charset, storing the
* result into a new byte array.
*
* @param string the String to encode
* @return encoded bytes
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when the charset is missing, which should be never
* according the the Java specification.
* @see Standard
* charsets
* @see #getBytes(String, String)
*/
public static byte[] getBytesUtf16Be(String string) {
return getBytes(string, Charsets.UTF_16BE);
}
/**
* Encodes the given string into a sequence of bytes using the UTF-16LE charset, storing the
* result into a new byte array.
*
* @param string the String to encode
* @return encoded bytes
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when the charset is missing, which should be never
* according the the Java specification.
* @see Standard
* charsets
* @see #getBytes(String, String)
*/
public static byte[] getBytesUtf16Le(String string) {
return getBytes(string, Charsets.UTF_16LE);
}
/**
* Encodes the given string into a sequence of bytes using the UTF-8 charset, storing the result
* into a new byte array.
*
* @param string the String to encode
* @return encoded bytes
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when the charset is missing, which should be never
* according the the Java specification.
* @see Standard
* charsets
* @see #getBytes(String, String)
*/
public static byte[] getBytesUtf8(String string) {
return getBytes(string, Charsets.UTF_8);
}
/**
* Encodes the given string into a sequence of bytes using the named charset, storing the result
* into a new byte array.
*
* This method catches {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} and rethrows it as
* {@link IllegalStateException}, which should never happen for a required charset name. Use
* this method when the encoding is required to be in the JRE.
*
*
* @param string the String to encode
* @param charsetName The name of a required {@link java.nio.charset.Charset}
* @return encoded bytes
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when a {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} is caught,
* which should never happen for a required charset name.
* @see Charsets
* @see String#getBytes(String)
*/
public static byte[] getBytes(String string, String charsetName) {
if (string == null) {
return null;
}
try {
return string.getBytes(charsetName);
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw newIllegalStateException(charsetName, e);
}
}
/**
* Encodes the given string into a sequence of bytes using the default charset, storing the result
* into a new byte array.
*
* @param string the String to encode
* @return encoded bytes
* @see String#getBytes()
*/
public static byte[] getBytes(String string) {
if (string == null) {
return null;
}
return string.getBytes();
}
/**
* Calls {@link String#getBytes(String)}
*
* @param string The string to encode (if null, return null).
* @param charset The {@link Charset} to encode the String
* @return the encoded bytes
*/
private static ByteBuffer getByteBuffer(final String string, final String charset) {
if (string == null) {
return null;
}
try {
return ByteBuffer.wrap(string.getBytes(charset));
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw newIllegalStateException(charset, e);
}
}
/**
* Encodes the given string into a byte buffer using the UTF-8 charset, storing the result into
* a new byte array.
*
* @param string the String to encode, may be null
* @return encoded bytes, or null if the input string was null
* @throws NullPointerException Thrown if {@link Charsets#UTF_8} is not initialized, which
* should never happen since it is required by the Java platform specification.
* @see Standard
* charsets
*/
public static ByteBuffer getByteBufferUtf8(final String string) {
return getByteBuffer(string, Charsets.UTF_8);
}
private static IllegalStateException newIllegalStateException(String charsetName, UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return new IllegalStateException(charsetName + ": " + e);
}
/**
* Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the given
* charset.
*
* This method catches {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} and re-throws it as
* {@link IllegalStateException}, which should never happen for a required charset name. Use
* this method when the encoding is required to be in the JRE.
*
*
* @param bytes The bytes to be decoded into characters
* @param charsetName The name of a required {@link java.nio.charset.Charset}
* @return A new String decoded from the specified array of bytes using the given
* charset.
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when a {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} is caught,
* which should never happen for a required charset name.
* @see Charsets
* @see String#String(byte[], String)
*/
public static String newString(byte[] bytes, String charsetName) {
if (bytes == null) {
return null;
}
try {
return new String(bytes, charsetName);
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw newIllegalStateException(charsetName, e);
}
}
/**
* Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the given
* charset.
*
* This method catches {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} and re-throws it as
* {@link IllegalStateException}, which should never happen for a required charset name. Use
* this method when the encoding is required to be in the JRE.
*
*
* @param bytes The bytes to be decoded into characters
* @param offset The index of the first byte to decode
* @param length The number of bytes to decode
* @param charsetName The name of a required {@link java.nio.charset.Charset}
* @return A new String decoded from the specified array of bytes using the given
* charset.
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when a {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} is caught,
* which should never happen for a required charset name.
* @see Charsets
* @see String#String(byte[], String)
*/
public static String newString(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length, String charsetName) {
if (bytes == null) {
return null;
}
try {
return new String(bytes, offset, length, charsetName);
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw newIllegalStateException(charsetName, e);
}
}
/**
* Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the
* ISO-8859-1 charset.
*
* @param bytes The bytes to be decoded into characters
* @return A new String decoded from the specified array of bytes using the given
* charset.
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when a {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} is caught,
* which should never happen since the charset is required.
*/
public static String newStringIso8859_1(byte[] bytes) {
return newString(bytes, Charsets.ISO_8859_1);
}
/**
* Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the
* US-ASCII charset.
*
* @param bytes The bytes to be decoded into characters
* @return A new String decoded from the specified array of bytes using the given
* charset.
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when a {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} is caught,
* which should never happen since the charset is required.
*/
public static String newStringUsAscii(byte[] bytes) {
return newString(bytes, Charsets.US_ASCII);
}
/**
* Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the
* UTF-16 charset.
*
* @param bytes The bytes to be decoded into characters
* @return A new String decoded from the specified array of bytes using the given
* charset.
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when a {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} is caught,
* which should never happen since the charset is required.
*/
public static String newStringUtf16(byte[] bytes) {
return newString(bytes, Charsets.UTF_16);
}
/**
* Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the
* UTF-16BE charset.
*
* @param bytes The bytes to be decoded into characters
* @return A new String decoded from the specified array of bytes using the given
* charset.
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when a {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} is caught,
* which should never happen since the charset is required.
*/
public static String newStringUtf16Be(byte[] bytes) {
return newString(bytes, Charsets.UTF_16BE);
}
/**
* Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the
* UTF-16LE charset.
*
* @param bytes The bytes to be decoded into characters
* @return A new String decoded from the specified array of bytes using the given
* charset.
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when a {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} is caught,
* which should never happen since the charset is required.
*/
public static String newStringUtf16Le(byte[] bytes) {
return newString(bytes, Charsets.UTF_16LE);
}
/**
* Constructs a new String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the UTF-8
* charset.
*
* @param bytes The bytes to be decoded into characters
* @return A new String decoded from the specified array of bytes using the given
* charset.
* @throws IllegalStateException Thrown when a {@link UnsupportedEncodingException} is caught,
* which should never happen since the charset is required.
*/
public static String newStringUtf8(byte[] bytes) {
return newString(bytes, Charsets.UTF_8);
}
/**
* Find the position of the first non-whitespace character
*
* @param str string
* @return the position of the first non-whitespace character
*/
public static int firstNonWhitespace(CharSequence str) {
int i = 0;
while (Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(i))) {
i++;
}
return i;
}
}