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com.github.sviperll.cli.CLISpecification Maven / Gradle / Ivy

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012, Victor Nazarov 
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of the Victor Nazarov nor the
 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL  BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 * LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
package com.github.sviperll.cli;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;

/**
 * Facade class to provide command line argument parsing functionality
 *
 *  * `CLISpecification` instance is set up with `add` methods
 *  * `run` method is called and all handlers are called with right arguments as a result
 *
 * If some of handlers throws an exception then `CLIException` is thrown with correct error message
 *
 * @see CLISpecification#add
 * @see CLISpecification#run
 * @see CLIParameterFormatException
 *
 * @author Victor Nazarov 
 */
public class CLISpecification {
    private static final ParameterDescriptionFormatter DEFAULT_FORMATTER = new DefaultParameterDescriptionFormatter();

    private final Map usage = new TreeMap();
    private final Map shortFlagHandlers = new TreeMap();
    private final Map longFlagHandlers = new TreeMap();
    private final Map shortParameterHandlers = new TreeMap();
    private final Map longParameterHandlers = new TreeMap();
    private final Appendable usageWriter;
    private final ParameterDescriptionFormatter formatter;

    /**
     * Constucts a new instance of CLISpecification
     *
     * When you call `usage` method a usage-message is written into `usageWriter`
     *
     * @param usageWriter an `Appendable`, usually `System.out`
     * @param formatter to combine description with notice about default value in usage-message
     *
     * @see #usage
     * @see ParameterDescriptionFormatter
     */
    public CLISpecification(Appendable usageWriter, ParameterDescriptionFormatter formatter) {
        this.usageWriter = usageWriter;
        this.formatter = new ParameterDescriptionFormatterNullWrapper(formatter);
    }

    /**
     * Constucts a new instance of CLISpecification
     *
     * When you call `usage` method a usage-message is written into `usageWriter`
     *
     * @param usageWriter an `Appendable`, usually `System.out`
     * @see #usage
     */
    public CLISpecification(Appendable usageWriter) {
        this(usageWriter, DEFAULT_FORMATTER);
    }

    /**
     * Add a command line key with short and long form and without arguments
     *
     * @param c short, i. e. single-letter form of a key
     * @param s lone, i. e. any string form of a key
     * @param description description for usage-message
     * @param handler key handler
     *
     * @see CLIFlagHandler
     */
    public void add(char c, String s, String description, CLIFlagHandler handler) {
        addFlagUsageEntry(c, description);
        addFlagUsageEntry(s, description);
        shortFlagHandlers.put(c, handler);
        longFlagHandlers.put(s, handler);
    }

    /**
     * Add a command line key without short form and without arguments
     *
     * @param s lone, i. e. any string form of a key
     * @param description description for usage-message
     * @param handler key handler
     *
     * @see CLIFlagHandler
     */
    public void add(String s, String description, CLIFlagHandler handler) {
        addFlagUsageEntry(s, description);
        longFlagHandlers.put(s, handler);
    }

    /**
     * Add a command line key with short and long form and with argument
     *
     * @param c short, i. e. single-letter form of a key
     * @param s lone, i. e. any string form of a key
     * @param description description for usage-message
     * @param handler key handler
     *
     * @see CLIFlagHandler
     */
    public void add(char c, String s, String description, CLIParameterHandler handler) {
        addParameterUsageEntry(c, formatter.formatParameterDescription(description, handler.getDefaultValue()));
        addParameterUsageEntry(s, formatter.formatParameterDescription(description, handler.getDefaultValue()));
        shortParameterHandlers.put(c, handler);
        longParameterHandlers.put(s, handler);
    }

    /**
     * Add a command line key with only long form and with argument
     *
     * @param s lone, i. e. any string form of a key
     * @param description description for usage-message
     * @param handler key handler
     *
     * @see CLIFlagHandler
     */
    public void add(String s, String description, CLIParameterHandler handler) {
        addParameterUsageEntry(s, formatter.formatParameterDescription(description, handler.getDefaultValue()));
        longParameterHandlers.put(s, handler);
    }

    private void addFlagUsageEntry(char c, String description) {
        String s = new String(new char[] {c});
        if (usage.put(s, "\t\t -" + s + "\t\t" + description) != null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Option " + s + " already defined!");
    }

    private void addFlagUsageEntry(String s, String description) {
        if (usage.put(s, "\t\t--" + s + "\t\t" + description) != null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Option " + s + " already defined!");
    }

    private void addParameterUsageEntry(char c, String description) {
        String s = new String(new char[] {c});
        if (usage.put(s, "\t\t -" + s + " OPTION\t" + description) != null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Option " + s + " already defined!");
    }

    private void addParameterUsageEntry(String s, String description) {
        if (usage.put(s, "\t\t--" + s + "=OPTION\t" + description) != null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Option " + s + " already defined!");
    }

    public String[] run(String[] args) throws CLIException {
        List unprocessed = new ArrayList();
        Processor p = new Processor(new Parser(args));
        for (;;) {
            if (p.isEndOfArgs()) {
                break;
            } else if (p.isLongOption()) {
                p.processLongOption();
            } else if (p.isShortOptions()) {
                p.processShortOptions();
            } else {
                unprocessed.add(p.current());
                p.next();
            }
        }
        String[] res = new String[unprocessed.size()];
        return unprocessed.toArray(res);
    }

    /**
     * Write usage-message to a writer given when constructing CLISpecification instance
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public void usage() throws IOException {
        for (Map.Entry e: usage.entrySet()) {
            usageWriter.append(e.getValue());
            usageWriter.append("\n");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Interface to specify how to write default value of some command line key in usage-message
     * 
     * @see ParameterDescriptionFormatter#formatParameterDescription
     */
    public interface ParameterDescriptionFormatter {
        /**
         * Defines how to write default value of some command line key in usage-message
         *
         * For example, a call to
         *
         *     formatParameterDescription("number of pages", "2")
         *
         * may result in
         *
         *     "number of pages (default 2)"
         *
         * string to be written in usage-message
         *
         * @param description a description of command line key provided with CLISpecification#add method
         * @param defaultValue a default value of given comman line parameter
         * @return a compond message with the original description and an notice abount default value
         */
        String formatParameterDescription(String description, String defaultValue);
    }

    private static class DefaultParameterDescriptionFormatter implements ParameterDescriptionFormatter {
        @Override
        public String formatParameterDescription(String description, String defaultValue) {
            return defaultValue == null ? description : description + " (default " + defaultValue + ")";
        }
    }

    private static class ParameterDescriptionFormatterNullWrapper implements ParameterDescriptionFormatter {
        private final ParameterDescriptionFormatter formatter;
        ParameterDescriptionFormatterNullWrapper(ParameterDescriptionFormatter formatter) {
            this.formatter = formatter;
        }

        @Override
        public String formatParameterDescription(String description, String defaultValue) {
            return defaultValue == null ? description : formatter.formatParameterDescription(description, defaultValue);
        }
    }

    private class Processor {
        private final Parser parser;
        Processor(Parser parser) {
            this.parser = parser;
        }

        private boolean isEndOfArgs() {
            return parser.isEndOfArgs();
        }

        private String current() throws CLIException {
            return parser.current();
        }

        private void next() {
            parser.next();
        }

        private boolean isLongOption() throws CLIException {
            return current().startsWith("--");
        }

        private boolean isShortOptions() throws CLIException {
            return current().startsWith("-") && !current().equals("-") && !isLongOption();
        }

        private void processLongOption() throws CLIException {
            for (Map.Entry e: longFlagHandlers.entrySet()) {
                if (parser.current().equals("--" + e.getKey())) {
                    e.getValue().handleCLIFlag();
                    parser.next();
                    return;
                }
            }
            for (Map.Entry e: longParameterHandlers.entrySet()) {
                String option = "--" + e.getKey();
                String prefix = option + "=";
                if (parser.current().startsWith(prefix)) {
                    try {
                        e.getValue().handleCLIParameter(parser.current().substring(prefix.length()));
                    } catch (CLIParameterFormatException ex) {
                        throw new CLIException("Error reading option: " + option + ": " + ex.getMessage(), ex);
                    }
                    parser.next();
                    return;
                } else if (parser.current().equals(option)) {
                    parser.next();
                    try {
                        e.getValue().handleCLIParameter(parser.readParameter(e.getKey()));
                    } catch (CLIParameterFormatException ex) {
                        throw new CLIException("Error reading option: " + option + ": " + ex.getMessage(), ex);
                    }
                    return;
                }
            }
            throw new CLIException("Unknown option " + parser.current());
        }

        private void processShortOptions() throws CLIException {
            char[] c = parser.current().toCharArray();
            Map.Entry handler = null;
            for (int i = 1; i < c.length; i++) {
                boolean found = false;
                for (Map.Entry e: shortFlagHandlers.entrySet()) {
                    if (e.getKey().equals(c[i])) {
                        e.getValue().handleCLIFlag();
                        found = true;
                    }
                }
                for (Map.Entry e: shortParameterHandlers.entrySet()) {
                    if (e.getKey().equals(c[i])) {
                        if (handler != null)
                            throw new CLIException("Expecting parameter for -" + handler.getKey());
                        else
                            handler = e;
                        found = true;
                    }
                }
                if (!found)
                    throw new CLIException("Unknown option -" + c[i]);
            }
            if (handler != null) {
                parser.next();
                try {
                    handler.getValue().handleCLIParameter(parser.readParameter(handler.getKey()));
                } catch (CLIParameterFormatException ex) {
                    throw new CLIException("Error reading option: -" + handler.getKey() + ": " + ex.getMessage(), ex);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private class Parser {

        private final String[] args;
        private int i;

        public Parser(String[] args) {
            this.args = args;
            i = 0;
        }

        public boolean isEndOfArgs() {
            return i == args.length;
        }

        public String current() throws CLIException {
            if (!(i < args.length))
                throw new CLIException("Expecting argument, got end of line");
            return args[i];
        }

        public String readParameter(char option) throws CLIException {
            if (!current().equals("-") && current().startsWith("-"))
                throw new CLIException("Expecting parameter for -" + option);
            String res = current();
            next();
            return res;
        }

        public String readParameter(String option) throws CLIException {
            if (!current().equals("-") && current().startsWith("-"))
                throw new CLIException("Expecting parameter for --" + option);
            String res = current();
            next();
            return res;
        }

        public void next() {
            i++;
        }
    }
}




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