com.google.appengine.api.datastore.CompositeIndexManager Maven / Gradle / Ivy
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/*
* Copyright 2021 Google LLC
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.google.appengine.api.datastore;
import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
import com.google.apphosting.datastore.DatastoreV3Pb;
import com.google.apphosting.datastore.DatastoreV3Pb.Query.Filter;
import com.google.apphosting.datastore.DatastoreV3Pb.Query.Order;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import com.google.common.collect.FluentIterable;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.collect.Sets;
import com.google.storage.onestore.v3.OnestoreEntity.Index;
import com.google.storage.onestore.v3.OnestoreEntity.Index.Property;
import com.google.storage.onestore.v3.OnestoreEntity.Index.Property.Direction;
import com.google.storage.onestore.v3.OnestoreEntity.Index.Property.Mode;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;
// CAUTION: this is one of several files that implement parsing and
// validation of the index definition schema; they all must be kept in
// sync. Please refer to java/com/google/appengine/tools/development/datastore-indexes.xsd
// for the list of these files.
/** Composite index management operations needed by the datastore api. */
// This class is public because the dev appserver needs access to it.
public class CompositeIndexManager {
// Apologies for the lowercase literals, but the whole point of these enums
// is to represent constants in an xml document, and it's silly to have
// the code literals not match the xml literals - you end up with a bunch
// of case conversion just support the java naming conversion.
/**
* The source of an index in the index file. These are used as literals in an xml document that we
* read and write.
*/
protected enum IndexSource {
auto,
manual
}
/**
* Generate an xml representation of the provided {@link Index}.
*
*
*
*
* @param index The index for which we want an xml representation.
* @param source The source of the provided index.
* @return The xml representation of the provided index.
*/
protected String generateXmlForIndex(Index index, IndexSource source) {
return CompositeIndexUtils.generateXmlForIndex(index, source);
}
/**
* Given a {@link IndexComponentsOnlyQuery}, return the {@link Index} needed to fulfill the query,
* or {@code null} if no index is needed.
*
*
This code needs to remain in sync with its counterparts in other languages. If you modify
* this code please make sure you make the same update in the local datastore for other languages.
*
* @param indexOnlyQuery The query.
* @return The index that must be present in order to fulfill the query, or {@code null} if no
* index is needed.
*/
protected @Nullable Index compositeIndexForQuery(final IndexComponentsOnlyQuery indexOnlyQuery) {
DatastoreV3Pb.Query query = indexOnlyQuery.getQuery();
boolean hasKind = query.hasKind();
boolean isAncestor = query.hasAncestor();
List filters = query.filters();
List orders = query.orders();
if (filters.isEmpty() && orders.isEmpty()) {
// If there are no filters or sorts no composite index is needed; the
// built-in primary key or kind index can handle this.
return null;
}
// Group the filters by operator.
List eqProps = indexOnlyQuery.getPrefix();
List indexProperties =
indexOnlyQuery.isGeo()
? getNeededSearchProps(eqProps, indexOnlyQuery.getGeoProperties())
: getRecommendedIndexProps(indexOnlyQuery);
if (hasKind
&& !eqProps.isEmpty()
&& eqProps.size() == filters.size()
&& !indexOnlyQuery.hasKeyProperty()
&& orders.isEmpty()) {
// No sort orders, all filters (if any) are equals filters, and none of
// the filters are on the key - the
// datastore can merge join this, with or without an ancestor. No index
// needed. Non-empty equality filters is a critical part of this check
// because without it we would capture queries with only kind and ancestor
// specified, and those queries can _not_ be satisfied by merge-join.
return null;
}
if (hasKind
&& !isAncestor
&& indexProperties.size() <= 1
&& !indexOnlyQuery.isGeo()
&& (!indexOnlyQuery.hasKeyProperty()
|| indexProperties.get(0).getDirectionEnum() == Property.Direction.ASCENDING)) {
// For traditional indexes, we never need kind-only or
// single-property composite indexes unless it's a single
// property, descending index on key. The built-in primary key
// and single property indexes are good enough. (But for geo
// (a.k.a. Search) indexes, we might.)
return null;
}
Index index = new Index();
index.setEntityType(query.getKind());
index.setAncestor(isAncestor);
index.mutablePropertys().addAll(indexProperties);
return index;
}
/** We compare {@link Property Properties} by comparing their names. */
private static final Comparator PROPERTY_NAME_COMPARATOR =
new Comparator() {
@Override
public int compare(Property o1, Property o2) {
return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
};
private List getRecommendedIndexProps(IndexComponentsOnlyQuery query) {
// Construct the list of index properties
List indexProps = new ArrayList();
// This converts our Set prefix to be a list of {@link Property}s with ascending
// direction. The list will be ordered lexicographically.
indexProps.addAll(
new UnorderedIndexComponent(Sets.newHashSet(query.getPrefix())).preferredIndexProperties());
for (IndexComponent component : query.getPostfix()) {
indexProps.addAll(component.preferredIndexProperties());
}
return indexProps;
}
/**
* Function which can transform a property name into a Property pb object, optionally including a
* Mode setting, suitable for use in defining a Search index in normalized order.
*/
static class SearchPropertyTransform implements Function {
private final @Nullable Mode mode;
SearchPropertyTransform(@Nullable Mode mode) {
this.mode = mode;
}
@Override
public Property apply(String name) {
Property p = new Property();
p.setName(name);
if (mode != null) {
p.setMode(mode);
}
return p;
}
}
private static final SearchPropertyTransform TO_MODELESS_PROPERTY =
new SearchPropertyTransform(null);
private static final SearchPropertyTransform TO_GEOSPATIAL_PROPERTY =
new SearchPropertyTransform(Mode.GEOSPATIAL);
/**
* Produces the list of Property objects needed for a Search index, properly normalized: all
* pre-intersection (i.e., modeless) properties come first, followed by all geo-spatial
* properties. Within type the properties appear in lexicographical order by name.
*/
private List getNeededSearchProps(List eqProps, List searchProps) {
List result = new ArrayList<>();
result.addAll(
FluentIterable.from(eqProps)
.transform(TO_MODELESS_PROPERTY)
.toSortedList(PROPERTY_NAME_COMPARATOR));
result.addAll(
FluentIterable.from(searchProps)
.transform(TO_GEOSPATIAL_PROPERTY)
.toSortedList(PROPERTY_NAME_COMPARATOR));
return result;
}
/**
* Given a {@link IndexComponentsOnlyQuery} and a collection of existing {@link Index}s, return
* the minimum {@link Index} needed to fulfill the query, or {@code null} if no index is needed.
*
* This code needs to remain in sync with its counterparts in other languages. If you modify
* this code please make sure you make the same update in the local datastore for other languages.
*
* @param indexOnlyQuery The query.
* @param indexes The existing indexes.
* @return The minimum index that must be present in order to fulfill the query, or {@code null}
* if no index is needed.
*/
protected @Nullable Index minimumCompositeIndexForQuery(
IndexComponentsOnlyQuery indexOnlyQuery, Collection indexes) {
Index suggestedIndex = compositeIndexForQuery(indexOnlyQuery);
if (suggestedIndex == null) {
return null;
}
if (indexOnlyQuery.isGeo()) {
// None of the shortcuts/optimizations below are applicable for Search indexes.
return suggestedIndex;
}
class EqPropsAndAncestorConstraint {
final Set equalityProperties;
final boolean ancestorConstraint;
EqPropsAndAncestorConstraint(Set equalityProperties, boolean ancestorConstraint) {
this.equalityProperties = equalityProperties;
this.ancestorConstraint = ancestorConstraint;
}
}
// Map from postfix to the remaining equality properties and ancestor constraints.
Map, EqPropsAndAncestorConstraint> remainingMap =
new HashMap, EqPropsAndAncestorConstraint>();
index_for:
for (Index index : indexes) {
if ( // Kind must match.
!indexOnlyQuery.getQuery().getKind().equals(index.getEntityType())
||
// Ancestor indexes can only be used on ancestor queries.
(!indexOnlyQuery.getQuery().hasAncestor() && index.isAncestor())) {
continue;
}
// Matching the postfix.
int postfixSplit = index.propertySize();
for (IndexComponent component : Lists.reverse(indexOnlyQuery.getPostfix())) {
if (!component.matches(
index
.propertys()
.subList(Math.max(postfixSplit - component.size(), 0), postfixSplit))) {
continue index_for;
}
postfixSplit -= component.size();
}
// Postfix matches! Now checking the prefix.
Set indexEqProps = Sets.newHashSetWithExpectedSize(postfixSplit);
for (Property prop : index.propertys().subList(0, postfixSplit)) {
// Index must not contain extra properties in the prefix.
if (!indexOnlyQuery.getPrefix().contains(prop.getName())) {
continue index_for;
}
indexEqProps.add(prop.getName());
}
// Index matches!
// Find the matching remaining requirements.
List indexPostfix = index.propertys().subList(postfixSplit, index.propertySize());
Set remainingEqProps;
boolean remainingAncestor;
{
EqPropsAndAncestorConstraint remaining = remainingMap.get(indexPostfix);
if (remaining == null) {
remainingEqProps = Sets.newHashSet(indexOnlyQuery.getPrefix());
remainingAncestor = indexOnlyQuery.getQuery().hasAncestor();
} else {
remainingEqProps = remaining.equalityProperties;
remainingAncestor = remaining.ancestorConstraint;
}
}
// Remove any remaining requirements handled by this index.
boolean modified = remainingEqProps.removeAll(indexEqProps);
if (remainingAncestor && index.isAncestor()) {
modified = true;
remainingAncestor = false;
}
if (remainingEqProps.isEmpty() && !remainingAncestor) {
return null; // No new index needed!
}
if (!modified) {
// Index made no contribution, don't update the map.
continue;
}
// Save indexes contribution
remainingMap.put(
indexPostfix, new EqPropsAndAncestorConstraint(remainingEqProps, remainingAncestor));
}
if (remainingMap.isEmpty()) {
return suggestedIndex; // suggested index is the minimum index
}
int minimumCost = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
List minimumPostfix = null;
EqPropsAndAncestorConstraint minimumRemaining = null;
for (Map.Entry, EqPropsAndAncestorConstraint> entry : remainingMap.entrySet()) {
int cost = entry.getValue().equalityProperties.size();
if (entry.getValue().ancestorConstraint) {
cost += 2; // Arbitrary value picked because ancestor are multi-valued.
}
if (cost < minimumCost) {
minimumCost = cost;
minimumPostfix = entry.getKey();
minimumRemaining = entry.getValue();
}
}
requireNonNull(minimumRemaining); // map not empty so we should have found cost < MAX_VALUE.
requireNonNull(minimumPostfix);
// Populating suggesting the minimal index instead.
suggestedIndex.clearProperty();
suggestedIndex.setAncestor(minimumRemaining.ancestorConstraint);
for (String name : minimumRemaining.equalityProperties) {
suggestedIndex.addProperty().setName(name).setDirection(Direction.ASCENDING);
}
Collections.sort(suggestedIndex.mutablePropertys(), PROPERTY_NAME_COMPARATOR);
suggestedIndex.mutablePropertys().addAll(minimumPostfix);
return suggestedIndex;
}
/**
* Protected alias that allows us to make this class available to the local datastore without
* publicly exposing it in the api.
*/
protected static class IndexComponentsOnlyQuery
extends com.google.appengine.api.datastore.IndexComponentsOnlyQuery {
public IndexComponentsOnlyQuery(DatastoreV3Pb.Query query) {
super(query);
}
}
/**
* Protected alias that allows us to make this class available to the local datastore without
* publicly exposing it in the api.
*/
protected static class ValidatedQuery extends com.google.appengine.api.datastore.ValidatedQuery {
public ValidatedQuery(DatastoreV3Pb.Query query) {
super(query);
}
}
/**
* Protected alias that allows us to make this class available to the local datastore without
* publicly exposing it in the api.
*/
protected static class KeyTranslator extends com.google.appengine.api.datastore.KeyTranslator {
protected KeyTranslator() {}
}
}