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/*
 * Hibernate, Relational Persistence for Idiomatic Java
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2010, Red Hat Inc. or third-party contributors as
 * indicated by the @author tags or express copyright attribution
 * statements applied by the authors.  All third-party contributions are
 * distributed under license by Red Hat Inc.
 *
 * This copyrighted material is made available to anyone wishing to use, modify,
 * copy, or redistribute it subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
 * or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * along with this distribution; if not, write to:
 * Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor
 * Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 */
package org.hibernate.dialect;

import java.sql.CallableStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Types;

import org.hibernate.JDBCException;
import org.hibernate.LockOptions;
import org.hibernate.PessimisticLockException;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Environment;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.NoArgSQLFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.PositionSubstringFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.SQLFunctionTemplate;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.StandardSQLFunction;
import org.hibernate.dialect.function.VarArgsSQLFunction;
import org.hibernate.exception.LockAcquisitionException;
import org.hibernate.exception.spi.SQLExceptionConversionDelegate;
import org.hibernate.exception.spi.TemplatedViolatedConstraintNameExtracter;
import org.hibernate.exception.spi.ViolatedConstraintNameExtracter;
import org.hibernate.id.SequenceGenerator;
import org.hibernate.internal.util.JdbcExceptionHelper;
import org.hibernate.type.StandardBasicTypes;
import org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.BlobTypeDescriptor;
import org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.ClobTypeDescriptor;
import org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.SqlTypeDescriptor;

/**
 * An SQL dialect for Postgres
 * 

* For discussion of BLOB support in Postgres, as of 8.4, have a peek at * http://jdbc.postgresql.org/documentation/84/binary-data.html. * For the effects in regards to Hibernate see http://in.relation.to/15492.lace * * @author Gavin King */ public class PostgreSQL81Dialect extends Dialect { public PostgreSQL81Dialect() { super(); registerColumnType( Types.BIT, "bool" ); registerColumnType( Types.BIGINT, "int8" ); registerColumnType( Types.SMALLINT, "int2" ); registerColumnType( Types.TINYINT, "int2" ); registerColumnType( Types.INTEGER, "int4" ); registerColumnType( Types.CHAR, "char(1)" ); registerColumnType( Types.VARCHAR, "varchar($l)" ); registerColumnType( Types.FLOAT, "float4" ); registerColumnType( Types.DOUBLE, "float8" ); registerColumnType( Types.DATE, "date" ); registerColumnType( Types.TIME, "time" ); registerColumnType( Types.TIMESTAMP, "timestamp" ); registerColumnType( Types.VARBINARY, "bytea" ); registerColumnType( Types.BINARY, "bytea" ); registerColumnType( Types.LONGVARCHAR, "text" ); registerColumnType( Types.LONGVARBINARY, "bytea" ); registerColumnType( Types.CLOB, "text" ); registerColumnType( Types.BLOB, "oid" ); registerColumnType( Types.NUMERIC, "numeric($p, $s)" ); registerColumnType( Types.OTHER, "uuid" ); registerFunction( "abs", new StandardSQLFunction("abs") ); registerFunction( "sign", new StandardSQLFunction("sign", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER) ); registerFunction( "acos", new StandardSQLFunction("acos", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "asin", new StandardSQLFunction("asin", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "atan", new StandardSQLFunction("atan", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "cos", new StandardSQLFunction("cos", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "cot", new StandardSQLFunction("cot", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "exp", new StandardSQLFunction("exp", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "ln", new StandardSQLFunction("ln", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "log", new StandardSQLFunction("log", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "sin", new StandardSQLFunction("sin", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "sqrt", new StandardSQLFunction("sqrt", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "cbrt", new StandardSQLFunction("cbrt", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "tan", new StandardSQLFunction("tan", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "radians", new StandardSQLFunction("radians", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "degrees", new StandardSQLFunction("degrees", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "stddev", new StandardSQLFunction("stddev", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "variance", new StandardSQLFunction("variance", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "random", new NoArgSQLFunction("random", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "rand", new NoArgSQLFunction("random", StandardBasicTypes.DOUBLE) ); registerFunction( "round", new StandardSQLFunction("round") ); registerFunction( "trunc", new StandardSQLFunction("trunc") ); registerFunction( "ceil", new StandardSQLFunction("ceil") ); registerFunction( "floor", new StandardSQLFunction("floor") ); registerFunction( "chr", new StandardSQLFunction("chr", StandardBasicTypes.CHARACTER) ); registerFunction( "lower", new StandardSQLFunction("lower") ); registerFunction( "upper", new StandardSQLFunction("upper") ); registerFunction( "substr", new StandardSQLFunction("substr", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) ); registerFunction( "initcap", new StandardSQLFunction("initcap") ); registerFunction( "to_ascii", new StandardSQLFunction("to_ascii") ); registerFunction( "quote_ident", new StandardSQLFunction("quote_ident", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) ); registerFunction( "quote_literal", new StandardSQLFunction("quote_literal", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) ); registerFunction( "md5", new StandardSQLFunction("md5", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) ); registerFunction( "ascii", new StandardSQLFunction("ascii", StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER) ); registerFunction( "char_length", new StandardSQLFunction("char_length", StandardBasicTypes.LONG) ); registerFunction( "bit_length", new StandardSQLFunction("bit_length", StandardBasicTypes.LONG) ); registerFunction( "octet_length", new StandardSQLFunction("octet_length", StandardBasicTypes.LONG) ); registerFunction( "age", new StandardSQLFunction("age") ); registerFunction( "current_date", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_date", StandardBasicTypes.DATE, false) ); registerFunction( "current_time", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_time", StandardBasicTypes.TIME, false) ); registerFunction( "current_timestamp", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_timestamp", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP, false) ); registerFunction( "date_trunc", new StandardSQLFunction( "date_trunc", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP ) ); registerFunction( "localtime", new NoArgSQLFunction("localtime", StandardBasicTypes.TIME, false) ); registerFunction( "localtimestamp", new NoArgSQLFunction("localtimestamp", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP, false) ); registerFunction( "now", new NoArgSQLFunction("now", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP) ); registerFunction( "timeofday", new NoArgSQLFunction("timeofday", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) ); registerFunction( "current_user", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_user", StandardBasicTypes.STRING, false) ); registerFunction( "session_user", new NoArgSQLFunction("session_user", StandardBasicTypes.STRING, false) ); registerFunction( "user", new NoArgSQLFunction("user", StandardBasicTypes.STRING, false) ); registerFunction( "current_database", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_database", StandardBasicTypes.STRING, true) ); registerFunction( "current_schema", new NoArgSQLFunction("current_schema", StandardBasicTypes.STRING, true) ); registerFunction( "to_char", new StandardSQLFunction("to_char", StandardBasicTypes.STRING) ); registerFunction( "to_date", new StandardSQLFunction("to_date", StandardBasicTypes.DATE) ); registerFunction( "to_timestamp", new StandardSQLFunction("to_timestamp", StandardBasicTypes.TIMESTAMP) ); registerFunction( "to_number", new StandardSQLFunction("to_number", StandardBasicTypes.BIG_DECIMAL) ); registerFunction( "concat", new VarArgsSQLFunction( StandardBasicTypes.STRING, "(","||",")" ) ); registerFunction( "locate", new PositionSubstringFunction() ); registerFunction( "str", new SQLFunctionTemplate(StandardBasicTypes.STRING, "cast(?1 as varchar)") ); getDefaultProperties().setProperty(Environment.STATEMENT_BATCH_SIZE, DEFAULT_BATCH_SIZE); getDefaultProperties().setProperty( Environment.NON_CONTEXTUAL_LOB_CREATION, "true" ); } /** * {@inheritDoc} */ @Override public SqlTypeDescriptor getSqlTypeDescriptorOverride(int sqlCode) { SqlTypeDescriptor descriptor; switch ( sqlCode ) { case Types.BLOB: { // Force BLOB binding. Otherwise, byte[] fields annotated // with @Lob will attempt to use // BlobTypeDescriptor.PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_BINDING. Since the // dialect uses oid for Blobs, byte arrays cannot be used. descriptor = BlobTypeDescriptor.BLOB_BINDING; break; } case Types.CLOB: { descriptor = ClobTypeDescriptor.CLOB_BINDING; break; } default: { descriptor = super.getSqlTypeDescriptorOverride( sqlCode ); break; } } return descriptor; } public String getAddColumnString() { return "add column"; } public String getSequenceNextValString(String sequenceName) { return "select " + getSelectSequenceNextValString( sequenceName ); } public String getSelectSequenceNextValString(String sequenceName) { return "nextval ('" + sequenceName + "')"; } public String getCreateSequenceString(String sequenceName) { return "create sequence " + sequenceName; //starts with 1, implicitly } public String getDropSequenceString(String sequenceName) { return "drop sequence " + sequenceName; } public String getCascadeConstraintsString() { return " cascade"; } public boolean dropConstraints() { return true; } public boolean supportsSequences() { return true; } public String getQuerySequencesString() { return "select relname from pg_class where relkind='S'"; } public boolean supportsLimit() { return true; } public String getLimitString(String sql, boolean hasOffset) { return new StringBuilder( sql.length()+20 ) .append( sql ) .append( hasOffset ? " limit ? offset ?" : " limit ?" ) .toString(); } public boolean bindLimitParametersInReverseOrder() { return true; } public boolean supportsIdentityColumns() { return true; } public String getForUpdateString(String aliases) { return getForUpdateString() + " of " + aliases; } public String getIdentitySelectString(String table, String column, int type) { return new StringBuilder().append("select currval('") .append(table) .append('_') .append(column) .append("_seq')") .toString(); } public String getIdentityColumnString(int type) { return type==Types.BIGINT ? "bigserial not null" : "serial not null"; } public boolean hasDataTypeInIdentityColumn() { return false; } public String getNoColumnsInsertString() { return "default values"; } public String getCaseInsensitiveLike(){ return "ilike"; } @Override public boolean supportsCaseInsensitiveLike() { return true; } public Class getNativeIdentifierGeneratorClass() { return SequenceGenerator.class; } public boolean supportsOuterJoinForUpdate() { return false; } public boolean useInputStreamToInsertBlob() { return false; } public boolean supportsUnionAll() { return true; } /** * Workaround for postgres bug #1453 */ public String getSelectClauseNullString(int sqlType) { String typeName = getTypeName(sqlType, 1, 1, 0); //trim off the length/precision/scale int loc = typeName.indexOf('('); if (loc>-1) { typeName = typeName.substring(0, loc); } return "null::" + typeName; } public boolean supportsCommentOn() { return true; } public boolean supportsTemporaryTables() { return true; } public String getCreateTemporaryTableString() { return "create temporary table"; } public String getCreateTemporaryTablePostfix() { return "on commit drop"; } /*public boolean dropTemporaryTableAfterUse() { //we have to, because postgres sets current tx //to rollback only after a failed create table return true; }*/ public boolean supportsCurrentTimestampSelection() { return true; } public boolean isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable() { return false; } public String getCurrentTimestampSelectString() { return "select now()"; } public boolean requiresParensForTupleDistinctCounts() { return true; } public String toBooleanValueString(boolean bool) { return bool ? "true" : "false"; } public ViolatedConstraintNameExtracter getViolatedConstraintNameExtracter() { return EXTRACTER; } /** * Constraint-name extractor for Postgres constraint violation exceptions. * Orginally contributed by Denny Bartelt. */ private static ViolatedConstraintNameExtracter EXTRACTER = new TemplatedViolatedConstraintNameExtracter() { public String extractConstraintName(SQLException sqle) { try { int sqlState = Integer.valueOf( JdbcExceptionHelper.extractSqlState( sqle )).intValue(); switch (sqlState) { // CHECK VIOLATION case 23514: return extractUsingTemplate("violates check constraint \"","\"", sqle.getMessage()); // UNIQUE VIOLATION case 23505: return extractUsingTemplate("violates unique constraint \"","\"", sqle.getMessage()); // FOREIGN KEY VIOLATION case 23503: return extractUsingTemplate("violates foreign key constraint \"","\"", sqle.getMessage()); // NOT NULL VIOLATION case 23502: return extractUsingTemplate("null value in column \"","\" violates not-null constraint", sqle.getMessage()); // TODO: RESTRICT VIOLATION case 23001: return null; // ALL OTHER default: return null; } } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) { return null; } } }; @Override public SQLExceptionConversionDelegate buildSQLExceptionConversionDelegate() { return new SQLExceptionConversionDelegate() { @Override public JDBCException convert(SQLException sqlException, String message, String sql) { final String sqlState = JdbcExceptionHelper.extractSqlState( sqlException ); if ( "40P01".equals( sqlState ) ) { // DEADLOCK DETECTED return new LockAcquisitionException( message, sqlException, sql ); } if ( "55P03".equals( sqlState ) ) { // LOCK NOT AVAILABLE return new PessimisticLockException( message, sqlException, sql ); } // returning null allows other delegates to operate return null; } }; } public int registerResultSetOutParameter(CallableStatement statement, int col) throws SQLException { // Register the type of the out param - PostgreSQL uses Types.OTHER statement.registerOutParameter(col++, Types.OTHER); return col; } public ResultSet getResultSet(CallableStatement ps) throws SQLException { ps.execute(); return (ResultSet) ps.getObject(1); } public boolean supportsPooledSequences() { return true; } //only necessary for postgre < 7.4 //http://anoncvs.postgresql.org/cvsweb.cgi/pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_sequence.sgml protected String getCreateSequenceString(String sequenceName, int initialValue, int incrementSize) { return getCreateSequenceString( sequenceName ) + " start " + initialValue + " increment " + incrementSize; } // Overridden informational metadata ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ // seems to not really... // public boolean supportsRowValueConstructorSyntax() { // return true; // } public boolean supportsEmptyInList() { return false; } @Override public boolean supportsExpectedLobUsagePattern() { return true; } @Override public boolean supportsLobValueChangePropogation() { return false; } @Override public boolean supportsUnboundedLobLocatorMaterialization() { return false; } // locking support public String getForUpdateString() { return " for update"; } public String getWriteLockString(int timeout) { if ( timeout == LockOptions.NO_WAIT ) return " for update nowait"; else return " for update"; } public String getReadLockString(int timeout) { if ( timeout == LockOptions.NO_WAIT ) return " for share nowait"; else return " for share"; } public boolean supportsRowValueConstructorSyntax() { return true; } @Override public String getForUpdateNowaitString() { return getForUpdateString() + " nowait "; } @Override public String getForUpdateNowaitString(String aliases) { return getForUpdateString(aliases) + " nowait "; } }





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