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/*
* Copyright 2008 Google Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
* use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
* the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
* the License.
*/
package java.util;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* Implements a TreeMap using a red-black tree. This guarantees O(log n)
* performance on lookups, inserts, and deletes while maintaining linear
* in-order traversal time. Null keys and values are fully supported if the
* comparator supports them (the default comparator does not).
*
* @param key type
* @param value type
*/
public class TreeMap extends AbstractMap implements
SortedMap, Serializable {
/*
* Implementation derived from public domain C implementation as of 5
* September 2007 at:
* http://eternallyconfuzzled.com/tuts/datastructures/jsw_tut_rbtree.aspx
* written by Julienne Walker.
*
* This version does not require a parent pointer kept in each node.
*/
/**
* Iterator for EntrySet.
*/
private final class EntryIterator implements Iterator> {
private final Iterator> iter;
private Map.Entry last = null;
/**
* Constructor for EntrySetIterator.
*/
public EntryIterator() {
this(SubMapType.All, null, null);
}
/**
* Create an iterator which may return only a restricted range.
*
* @param fromKey the first key to return in the iterator.
* @param toKey the upper bound of keys to return.
*/
public EntryIterator(SubMapType type, K fromKey, K toKey) {
List> list = new ArrayList>();
inOrderAdd(list, type, TreeMap.this.root, fromKey, toKey);
this.iter = list.iterator();
}
public boolean hasNext() {
return iter.hasNext();
}
public Map.Entry next() {
return last = iter.next();
}
public void remove() {
iter.remove();
TreeMap.this.remove(last.getKey());
}
private void inOrderAdd(List> list, SubMapType type,
Node current, K fromKey, K toKey) {
if (current == null) {
return;
}
if (current.child[LEFT] != null) {
inOrderAdd(list, type, current.child[LEFT], fromKey, toKey);
}
if (inRange(type, current.getKey(), fromKey, toKey)) {
list.add(current);
}
if (current.child[RIGHT] != null) {
inOrderAdd(list, type, current.child[RIGHT], fromKey, toKey);
}
}
private boolean inRange(SubMapType type, K key, K fromKey, K toKey) {
if (type.toKeyValid()) {
if (cmp.compare(key, toKey) >= 0) {
return false;
}
}
if (type.fromKeyValid()) {
if (cmp.compare(key, fromKey) < 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
private final class EntrySet extends AbstractSet> {
@Override
public void clear() {
TreeMap.this.clear();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public boolean contains(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) {
return false;
}
Map.Entry entry = (Entry) o; // suppress unchecked
Entry lookupEntry = getEntry(entry.getKey());
return lookupEntry != null
&& Utility.equalsWithNullCheck(lookupEntry.getValue(),
entry.getValue());
}
@Override
public Iterator> iterator() {
return new EntryIterator();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public boolean remove(Object o) {
/*
* TODO(jat): is this safe since we can copy a predecessor's data to an
* interior node when it is deleted? I think so since we can only go
* through the iterator in ascending order, so we will have passed the one
* that was copied by the time we can delete a node that will make that
* copy.
*/
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) {
return false;
}
Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) o; // suppress unchecked
State state = new State();
state.matchValue = true;
state.value = entry.getValue();
return removeWithState(entry.getKey(), state);
}
@Override
public int size() {
return TreeMap.this.size();
}
}
/**
* Tree node.
*
* @param key type
* @param value type
*/
private static class Node implements Entry {
/*
* The children are kept in an array to minimize the normal duplication of
* code.
*/
protected Node[] child;
protected boolean isRed;
protected K key;
protected V value;
/**
* Create a red node.
*
* @param key
* @param value
*/
public Node(K key, V value) {
this(key, value, true);
}
/**
* Create a node of the specified color.
*
* @param key
* @param value
* @param isRed true if this should be a red node, false for black
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
// create array of generic elements
public Node(K key, V value, boolean isRed) {
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
child = new Node[2]; // suppress unchecked
this.isRed = isRed;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
// generic cast
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Node)) {
return false;
}
Node other = (Node) o; // suppress unchecked
return Utility.equalsWithNullCheck(key, other.key)
&& Utility.equalsWithNullCheck(value, other.value);
}
public K getKey() {
return key;
}
public V getValue() {
return value;
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
int keyHash = (key != null ? key.hashCode() : 0);
int valueHash = (value != null ? value.hashCode() : 0);
return keyHash ^ valueHash;
}
public V setValue(V value) {
V old = this.value;
this.value = value;
return old;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
// for compatibility with the real Jre: issue 3422
return key + "=" + value;
}
}
/**
* A state object which is passed down the tree for both insert and remove.
* All uses make use of the done flag to indicate when no further rebalancing
* of the tree is required. Remove methods use the found flag to indicate when
* the desired key has been found. value is used both to return the value of a
* removed node as well as to pass in a value which must match (used for
* entrySet().remove(entry)), and the matchValue flag is used to request this
* behavior.
*
* @param value type
*/
private static class State {
public boolean done;
public boolean found;
public boolean matchValue;
public V value;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "State: mv=" + matchValue + " value=" + value + " done=" + done
+ " found=" + found;
}
}
private class SubMap extends AbstractMap implements SortedMap {
// valid only if type is Range or Tail
public final K fromKey;
// valid only if type is Range or Head
public final K toKey;
public final SubMapType type;
SubMap(SubMapType type, K fromKey, K toKey) {
switch (type) {
case Range:
if (cmp.compare(toKey, fromKey) < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("subMap: " + toKey
+ " less than " + fromKey);
}
break;
case Head:
// check key for compatibility with comparator
cmp.compare(toKey, toKey);
break;
case Tail:
// check key for compatibility with comparator
cmp.compare(fromKey, fromKey);
break;
case All:
// no checks are needed
break;
}
this.type = type;
this.fromKey = fromKey;
this.toKey = toKey;
}
public Comparator comparator() {
return TreeMap.this.comparator();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public boolean containsKey(Object k) {
K key = (K) k; // suppress unchecked
if (!inRange(key)) {
return false;
}
return TreeMap.this.containsKey(k);
}
@Override
public Set> entrySet() {
return new AbstractSet>() {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public boolean contains(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) {
return false;
}
Map.Entry entry = (Entry) o; // suppress unchecked
K key = entry.getKey();
if (!inRange(key)) {
return false;
}
Entry lookupEntry = getEntry(key);
return lookupEntry != null
&& Utility.equalsWithNullCheck(lookupEntry.getValue(),
entry.getValue());
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return SubMap.this.isEmpty();
}
@Override
public Iterator> iterator() {
return new EntryIterator(type, fromKey, toKey);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry)) {
return false;
}
Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) o; // suppress unchecked
if (!inRange(entry.getKey())) {
return false;
}
State state = new State();
state.matchValue = true;
state.value = entry.getValue();
return removeWithState(entry.getKey(), state);
}
@Override
public int size() {
// TODO(jat): more efficient way to do this?
int n = 0;
Iterator> it = iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
it.next();
n++;
}
return n;
}
};
}
public K firstKey() {
Node node = throwNSE(getFirstSubmapNode());
if (type.toKeyValid() && cmp.compare(node.key, toKey) > 0) {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
return node.key;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public V get(Object k) {
K key = (K) k; // suppress unchecked
if (!inRange(key)) {
return null;
}
return TreeMap.this.get(key);
}
public SortedMap headMap(K toKey) {
if (type.toKeyValid() && cmp.compare(toKey, this.toKey) > 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("subMap: " + toKey
+ " greater than " + this.toKey);
}
if (type.fromKeyValid()) {
return TreeMap.this.subMap(fromKey, toKey);
} else {
return TreeMap.this.headMap(toKey);
}
}
@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return getFirstSubmapNode() == null;
}
public K lastKey() {
Node node = throwNSE(getLastSubmapNode());
if (type.fromKeyValid() && cmp.compare(node.key, fromKey) < 0) {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
return node.key;
}
@Override
public V put(K key, V value) {
if (!inRange(key)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(key + " outside the range "
+ fromKey + " to " + toKey);
}
return TreeMap.this.put(key, value);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public V remove(Object k) {
K key = (K) k; // suppress unchecked
if (!inRange(key)) {
return null;
}
return TreeMap.this.remove(key);
}
public SortedMap subMap(K newFromKey, K newToKey) {
if (type.fromKeyValid() && cmp.compare(newFromKey, fromKey) < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("subMap: " + newFromKey
+ " less than " + fromKey);
}
if (type.toKeyValid() && cmp.compare(newToKey, toKey) > 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("subMap: " + newToKey
+ " greater than " + toKey);
}
return TreeMap.this.subMap(newFromKey, newToKey);
}
public SortedMap tailMap(K fromKey) {
if (type.fromKeyValid() && cmp.compare(fromKey, this.fromKey) < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("subMap: " + fromKey + " less than "
+ this.fromKey);
}
if (type.toKeyValid()) {
return TreeMap.this.subMap(fromKey, toKey);
} else {
return TreeMap.this.tailMap(fromKey);
}
}
private Node getFirstSubmapNode() {
Node node;
if (type.fromKeyValid()) {
node = getNodeAtOrAfter(fromKey);
} else {
node = getFirstNode();
}
// The map is empty if the first key after fromKey is out of range.
return node != null && inRange(node.getKey()) ? node : null;
}
private Node getLastSubmapNode() {
Node node;
if (type.toKeyValid()) {
node = getNodeBefore(toKey);
} else {
node = getLastNode();
}
// The map is empty if the last key before toKey is out of range.
return node != null && inRange(node.getKey()) ? node : null;
}
private boolean inRange(K key) {
if (type.toKeyValid()) {
if (cmp.compare(key, toKey) >= 0) {
return false;
}
}
if (type.fromKeyValid()) {
if (cmp.compare(key, fromKey) < 0) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
}
private enum SubMapType {
All,
Head {
@Override
public boolean toKeyValid() {
return true;
}
},
Range {
@Override
public boolean fromKeyValid() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean toKeyValid() {
return true;
}
},
Tail {
@Override
public boolean fromKeyValid() {
return true;
}
};
/**
* Returns true if this submap type uses a from-key.
*/
public boolean fromKeyValid() {
return false;
}
/**
* Returns true if this submap type uses a to-key.
*/
public boolean toKeyValid() {
return false;
}
}
/**
* Default comparator, requires the key type implement Comparable. Will fail
* on null values.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private static Comparator DEFAULT_COMPARATOR = new Comparator() {
public int compare(Comparable a, Comparable b) {
// Explicit null check to match JRE specs
if (a == null || b == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
return a.compareTo(b);
}
};
private static final int LEFT = 0;
private static final int RIGHT = 1;
private static int otherChild(int child) {
assert (child == 0 || child == 1);
return 1 - child;
}
/**
* Throw a NoSuchElementException if the specified node is null.
*
* Used to clean up error checking at use sites.
*
* @param node node to check
* @param key type
* @param value type
* @return node, guaranteed to be non-null
* @throws NoSuchElementException if node is null
*/
private static Node throwNSE(Node node) {
if (node == null) {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
return node;
}
// The comparator to use.
private Comparator cmp;
/*
* These two fields are just hints to STOB so that it generates serializers
* for K and V
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private K exposeKeyType;
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private V exposeValueType;
// The root of the tree.
private transient Node root;
// The number of nodes in the tree.
private int size = 0;
public TreeMap() {
this((Comparator) null);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public TreeMap(Comparator c) {
root = null;
if (c == null) {
c = (Comparator) DEFAULT_COMPARATOR;
}
cmp = c;
}
public TreeMap(Map map) {
this();
putAll(map);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public TreeMap(SortedMap map) {
this(map.comparator());
putAll(map); // TODO(jat): more efficient init from sorted map
}
@Override
public void clear() {
root = null;
size = 0;
}
public Comparator comparator() {
if (cmp == DEFAULT_COMPARATOR) {
return null;
}
return cmp;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
return getEntry((K) key) != null; // suppress unchecked cast
}
@Override
public Set> entrySet() {
return new EntrySet();
}
public K firstKey() {
return throwNSE(getFirstNode()).key;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public V get(Object k) {
K key = (K) k; // suppress unchecked
/*
* Don't bother validating the key as getEntry does that internally if the
* map is non-empty. This is against the spec but matches JRE 1.5 behavior.
*/
Node entry = getEntry(key);
return entry != null ? entry.getValue() : null;
}
public SortedMap headMap(K toKey) {
return new SubMap(SubMapType.Head, null, toKey);
}
public K lastKey() {
return throwNSE(getLastNode()).key;
}
@Override
public V put(K key, V value) {
Node node = new Node(key, value);
State state = new State();
root = insert(root, node, state);
if (!state.found) {
++size;
}
root.isRed = false;
return state.value;
}
@Override
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public V remove(Object keyObj) {
K key = (K) keyObj; // suppress unchecked cast
State state = new State();
removeWithState(key, state);
return state.value;
}
@Override
public int size() {
return size;
}
public SortedMap subMap(final K fromKey, final K toKey) {
return new SubMap(SubMapType.Range, fromKey, toKey);
}
public SortedMap tailMap(K fromKey) {
return new SubMap(SubMapType.Tail, fromKey, null);
}
/**
* Returns the first node which compares equal to or greater than the given
* key.
*
* @param key the key to search for
* @return the next node, or null if there is none
*/
protected Node getNodeAtOrAfter(K key) {
Node foundNode = null;
Node node = root;
while (node != null) {
int c = cmp.compare(key, node.key);
if (c == 0) {
return node;
} else if (c > 0) {
node = node.child[RIGHT];
} else {
foundNode = node;
node = node.child[LEFT];
}
}
return foundNode;
}
/**
* Returns the last node which is strictly less than the given key.
*
* @param key the key to search for
* @return the previous node, or null if there is none
*/
protected Node getNodeBefore(K key) {
Node foundNode = null;
Node node = root;
while (node != null) {
int c = cmp.compare(key, node.key);
if (c <= 0) {
node = node.child[LEFT];
} else {
foundNode = node;
node = node.child[RIGHT];
}
}
return foundNode;
}
/**
* Used for testing. Validate that the tree meets all red-black correctness
* requirements. These include:
*
*
* - root is black
* - no children of a red node may be red
* - the black height of every path through the three to a leaf is exactly the same
*
*
* @throws RuntimeException if any correctness errors are detected.
*/
void assertCorrectness() {
assertCorrectness(root, true);
}
/**
* Internal helper function for public {@link #assertCorrectness()}.
*
* @param tree the subtree to validate.
* @param isRed true if the parent of this node is red.
* @return the black height of this subtree.
* @throws RuntimeException if this RB-tree is not valid.
*/
private int assertCorrectness(Node tree, boolean isRed) {
if (tree == null) {
return 0;
}
if (isRed && tree.isRed) {
throw new RuntimeException("Two red nodes adjacent");
}
if (tree.child[LEFT] != null
&& cmp.compare(tree.child[LEFT].key, tree.key) > 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("Left child " + tree.child[LEFT]
+ " larger than " + tree);
}
if (tree.child[RIGHT] != null
&& cmp.compare(tree.child[RIGHT].key, tree.key) < 0) {
throw new RuntimeException("Right child " + tree.child[RIGHT]
+ " smaller than " + tree);
}
int leftHeight = assertCorrectness(tree.child[LEFT], tree.isRed);
int rightHeight = assertCorrectness(tree.child[RIGHT], tree.isRed);
if (leftHeight != 0 && rightHeight != 0 && leftHeight != rightHeight) {
throw new RuntimeException("Black heights don't match");
}
return tree.isRed ? leftHeight : leftHeight + 1;
}
/**
* Finds an entry given a key and returns the node.
*
* @param key the search key
* @return the node matching the key or null
*/
private Node getEntry(K key) {
Node tree = root;
while (tree != null) {
int c = cmp.compare(key, tree.key);
if (c == 0) {
return tree;
}
if (c < 0) {
tree = tree.child[LEFT];
} else {
tree = tree.child[RIGHT];
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Returns the left-most node of the tree, or null if empty.
*/
private Node getFirstNode() {
if (root == null) {
return null;
}
Node node = root;
while (node.child[LEFT] != null) {
node = node.child[LEFT];
}
return node;
}
/**
* Returns the right-most node of the tree, or null if empty.
*/
private Node getLastNode() {
if (root == null) {
return null;
}
Node node = root;
while (node.child[RIGHT] != null) {
node = node.child[RIGHT];
}
return node;
}
/**
* Insert a node into a subtree, collecting state about the insertion.
*
* If the same key already exists, the value of the node is overwritten with
* the value from the new node instead.
*
* @param tree subtree to insert into
* @param newNode new node to insert
* @param state result of the insertion: state.found true if the key already
* existed in the tree state.value the old value if the key existed
* @return the new subtree root
*/
private Node insert(Node tree, Node newNode, State state) {
if (tree == null) {
return newNode;
} else {
int c = cmp.compare(tree.key, newNode.key);
if (c == 0) {
state.value = tree.value;
state.found = true;
tree.value = newNode.value;
return tree;
}
int childNum = (c > 0) ? LEFT : RIGHT;
tree.child[childNum] = insert(tree.child[childNum], newNode, state);
if (isRed(tree.child[childNum])) {
if (isRed(tree.child[otherChild(childNum)])) {
// both children are red (nulls are black), make both black and me red
tree.isRed = true;
tree.child[LEFT].isRed = false;
tree.child[RIGHT].isRed = false;
} else {
//
if (isRed(tree.child[childNum].child[childNum])) {
tree = rotateSingle(tree, otherChild(childNum));
} else if (isRed(tree.child[childNum].child[otherChild(childNum)])) {
tree = rotateDouble(tree, otherChild(childNum));
}
}
}
}
return tree;
}
/**
* Returns true if node is red. Note that null pointers are
* considered black.
*/
private boolean isRed(Node node) {
return node != null && node.isRed;
}
/**
* Remove a key from the tree, returning whether it was found and its value.
*
* @param key key to remove
* @param state return state, not null
* @return true if the value was found
*/
private boolean removeWithState(K key, State state) {
if (root == null) {
return false;
}
Node node;
Node found = null;
Node parent = null;
Node grandparent = null;
// create a fake tree root to minimize special cases for changing the root
Node head = new Node(null, null);
int dir = 1;
head.child[RIGHT] = root;
node = head;
while (node.child[dir] != null) {
int last = dir;
grandparent = parent;
parent = node;
node = node.child[dir];
int c = cmp.compare(node.key, key);
dir = c < 0 ? RIGHT : LEFT;
if (c == 0 && (!state.matchValue || node.value.equals(state.value))) {
found = node;
}
if (!isRed(node) && !isRed(node.child[dir])) {
if (isRed(node.child[otherChild(dir)])) {
parent = parent.child[last] = rotateSingle(node, dir);
} else if (!isRed(node.child[otherChild(dir)])) {
Node sibling = parent.child[otherChild(last)];
if (sibling != null) {
if (!isRed(sibling.child[otherChild(last)])
&& !isRed(sibling.child[last])) {
parent.isRed = false;
sibling.isRed = true;
node.isRed = true;
} else {
int dir2 = grandparent.child[RIGHT] == parent ? RIGHT : LEFT;
if (isRed(sibling.child[last])) {
grandparent.child[dir2] = rotateDouble(parent, last);
} else if (isRed(sibling.child[otherChild(last)])) {
grandparent.child[dir2] = rotateSingle(parent, last);
}
node.isRed = grandparent.child[dir2].isRed = true;
grandparent.child[dir2].child[LEFT].isRed = false;
grandparent.child[dir2].child[RIGHT].isRed = false;
}
}
}
}
}
if (found != null) {
state.found = true;
state.value = found.value;
/**
* put the "node" values in "found" (the node with key K) and cut "node"
* out. However, we do not want to corrupt "found" -- issue 3423. So
* create a new node "newNode" to replace the "found" node.
*
* TODO: (jat's suggestion) Consider using rebalance to move the deleted
* node to a leaf to avoid the extra traversal in replaceNode.
*/
if (node != found) {
Node newNode = new Node(node.key, node.value);
replaceNode(head, found, newNode);
if (parent == found) {
parent = newNode;
}
}
// cut "node" out
parent.child[parent.child[RIGHT] == node ? RIGHT : LEFT] = node.child[node.child[LEFT] == null
? RIGHT : LEFT];
size--;
}
root = head.child[RIGHT];
if (root != null) {
root.isRed = false;
}
return state.found;
}
/**
* replace 'node' with 'newNode' in the tree rooted at 'head'. Could have
* avoided this traversal if each node maintained a parent pointer.
*/
private void replaceNode(Node head, Node node, Node newNode) {
Node parent = head;
int direction = (parent.key == null || cmp.compare(node.key, parent.key) > 0)
? RIGHT : LEFT; // parent.key == null handles the fake root node
while (parent.child[direction] != node) {
parent = parent.child[direction];
assert parent != null;
direction = cmp.compare(node.key, parent.key) > 0 ? RIGHT : LEFT;
}
// replace node with newNode
parent.child[direction] = newNode;
newNode.isRed = node.isRed;
newNode.child[LEFT] = node.child[LEFT];
newNode.child[RIGHT] = node.child[RIGHT];
node.child[LEFT] = null;
node.child[RIGHT] = null;
}
/**
* Perform a double rotation, first rotating the child which will become the
* root in the opposite direction, then rotating the root in the specified
* direction.
*
*
* A F
* B C becomes (with rotateDirection=0) A C
* D E F G B E G
* D
*
*
* @param tree root of the subtree to rotate
* @param rotateDirection the direction to rotate: 0=left, 1=right
* @return the new root of the rotated subtree
*/
private Node rotateDouble(Node tree, int rotateDirection) {
// free the pointer of the new root
tree.child[otherChild(rotateDirection)] = rotateSingle(
tree.child[otherChild(rotateDirection)], otherChild(rotateDirection));
return rotateSingle(tree, rotateDirection);
}
/**
* Perform a single rotation, pushing the root of the subtree to the specified
* direction.
*
*
* A B
* B C becomes (with rotateDirection=1) D A
* D E E C
*
*
* @param tree the root of the subtree to rotate
* @param rotateDirection the direction to rotate: 0=left rotation, 1=right
* @return the new root of the rotated subtree
*/
private Node rotateSingle(Node tree, int rotateDirection) {
Node save = tree.child[otherChild(rotateDirection)];
tree.child[otherChild(rotateDirection)] = save.child[rotateDirection];
save.child[rotateDirection] = tree;
tree.isRed = true;
save.isRed = false;
return save;
}
}
