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Closure Compiler is a JavaScript optimizing compiler. It parses your JavaScript, analyzes it, removes dead code and rewrites and minimizes what's left. It also checks syntax, variable references, and types, and warns about common JavaScript pitfalls. It is used in many of Google's JavaScript apps, including Gmail, Google Web Search, Google Maps, and Google Docs.

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/*
 * Copyright 2006 The Closure Compiler Authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.javascript.jscomp;

import static com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSTypeNative.GLOBAL_THIS;

import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.JSDocInfo;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.TokenStream;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.JSType;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.StaticReference;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.StaticScope;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.StaticSlot;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.StaticSourceFile;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.jstype.StaticSymbolTable;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Builds a global namespace of all the objects and their properties in
 * the global scope. Also builds an index of all the references to those names.
 *
 */
class GlobalNamespace
    implements StaticScope,
    StaticSymbolTable {

  private AbstractCompiler compiler;
  private final Node root;
  private final Node externsRoot;
  private boolean inExterns;
  private Scope externsScope;
  private boolean generated = false;

  /**
   * Each reference has an index in post-order.
   * Notice that some nodes are represented by 2 Ref objects, so
   * this index is not necessarily unique.
   */
  private int currentPreOrderIndex = 0;

  /** Global namespace tree */
  private List globalNames = new ArrayList();

  /** Maps names (e.g. "a.b.c") to nodes in the global namespace tree */
  private Map nameMap = new HashMap();

  /**
   * Creates an instance that may emit warnings when building the namespace.
   *
   * @param compiler The AbstractCompiler, for reporting code changes
   * @param root The root of the rest of the code to build a namespace for.
   */
  GlobalNamespace(AbstractCompiler compiler, Node root) {
    this(compiler, null, root);
  }

  /**
   * Creates an instance that may emit warnings when building the namespace.
   *
   * @param compiler The AbstractCompiler, for reporting code changes
   * @param externsRoot The root of the externs to build a namespace for. If
   *     this is null, externs and properties defined on extern types will not
   *     be included in the global namespace.  If non-null, it allows
   *     user-defined function on extern types to be included in the global
   *     namespace.  E.g. String.foo.
   * @param root The root of the rest of the code to build a namespace for.
   */
  GlobalNamespace(AbstractCompiler compiler, Node externsRoot, Node root) {
    this.compiler = compiler;
    this.externsRoot = externsRoot;
    this.root = root;
  }

  @Override
  public Node getRootNode() {
    return root.getParent();
  }

  @Override
  public StaticScope getParentScope() {
    return null;
  }

  @Override
  public StaticSlot getSlot(String name) {
    return getOwnSlot(name);
  }

  @Override
  public StaticSlot getOwnSlot(String name) {
    return nameMap.get(name);
  }

  @Override
  public JSType getTypeOfThis() {
    return compiler.getTypeRegistry().getNativeObjectType(GLOBAL_THIS);
  }

  @Override
  public Iterable getReferences(Name slot) {
    ensureGenerated();
    return Collections.unmodifiableList(slot.getRefs());
  }

  @Override
  public StaticScope getScope(Name slot) {
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  public Iterable getAllSymbols() {
    ensureGenerated();
    return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(getNameIndex().values());
  }

  private void ensureGenerated() {
    if (!generated) {
      process();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Gets a list of the roots of the forest of the global names, where the
   * roots are the top-level names.
   */
  List getNameForest() {
    ensureGenerated();
    return globalNames;
  }

  /**
   * Gets an index of all the global names, indexed by full qualified name
   * (as in "a", "a.b.c", etc.).
   */
  Map getNameIndex() {
    ensureGenerated();
    return nameMap;
  }

  /**
   * If the client adds new nodes to the AST, scan these new nodes
   * to see if they've added any references to the global namespace.
   * @param scope The scope to scan.
   * @param newNodes New nodes to check.
   */
  void scanNewNodes(Scope scope, Set newNodes) {
    NodeTraversal t = new NodeTraversal(compiler,
        new BuildGlobalNamespace(new NodeFilter(newNodes)));
    t.traverseAtScope(scope);
  }

  /**
   * A filter that looks for qualified names that contain one of the nodes
   * in the given set.
   */
  private static class NodeFilter implements Predicate {
    private final Set newNodes;

    NodeFilter(Set newNodes) {
      this.newNodes = newNodes;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean apply(Node n) {
      if (!n.isQualifiedName()) {
        return false;
      }

      Node current;
      for (current = n;
           current.getType() == Token.GETPROP;
           current = current.getFirstChild()) {
        if (newNodes.contains(current)) {
          return true;
        }
      }

      return current.getType() == Token.NAME && newNodes.contains(current);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Builds the namespace lazily.
   */
  private void process() {
    if (externsRoot != null) {
      inExterns = true;
      NodeTraversal.traverse(compiler, externsRoot, new BuildGlobalNamespace());
    }
    inExterns = false;

    NodeTraversal.traverse(compiler, root, new BuildGlobalNamespace());
    generated = true;
  }

  /**
   * Determines whether a name reference in a particular scope is a global name
   * reference.
   *
   * @param name A variable or property name (e.g. "a" or "a.b.c.d")
   * @param s The scope in which the name is referenced
   * @return Whether the name reference is a global name reference
   */
  private boolean isGlobalNameReference(String name, Scope s) {
    String topVarName = getTopVarName(name);
    return isGlobalVarReference(topVarName, s);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the top variable name from a possibly namespaced name.
   *
   * @param name A variable or qualified property name (e.g. "a" or "a.b.c.d")
   * @return The top variable name (e.g. "a")
   */
  private String getTopVarName(String name) {
    int firstDotIndex = name.indexOf('.');
    return firstDotIndex == -1 ? name : name.substring(0, firstDotIndex);
  }

  /**
   * Determines whether a variable name reference in a particular scope is a
   * global variable reference.
   *
   * @param name A variable name (e.g. "a")
   * @param s The scope in which the name is referenced
   * @return Whether the name reference is a global variable reference
   */
  private boolean isGlobalVarReference(String name, Scope s) {
    Scope.Var v = s.getVar(name);
    if (v == null && externsScope != null) {
      v = externsScope.getVar(name);
    }
    return v != null && !v.isLocal();
  }

  /**
   * Gets whether a scope is the global scope.
   *
   * @param s A scope
   * @return Whether the scope is the global scope
   */
  private boolean isGlobalScope(Scope s) {
    return s.getParent() == null;
  }

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

  /**
   * Builds a tree representation of the global namespace. Omits prototypes.
   */
  private class BuildGlobalNamespace implements NodeTraversal.Callback {

    private final Predicate nodeFilter;

    BuildGlobalNamespace() {
      this(null);
    }

    /**
     * Builds a global namepsace, but only visits nodes that match the
     * given filter.
     */
    BuildGlobalNamespace(Predicate nodeFilter) {
      this.nodeFilter = nodeFilter;
    }

    @Override
    public void visit(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {}

    /** Collect the references in pre-order. */
    @Override
    public boolean shouldTraverse(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
      collect(t, n, parent);
      return true;
    }

    public void collect(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
      if (nodeFilter != null && !nodeFilter.apply(n)) {
        return;
      }

      // If we are traversing the externs, then we save a pointer to the scope
      // generated by them, so that we can do lookups in it later.
      if (externsRoot != null && n == externsRoot) {
        externsScope = t.getScope();
      }

      String name;
      boolean isSet = false;
      Name.Type type = Name.Type.OTHER;
      boolean isPropAssign = false;

      switch (n.getType()) {
        case Token.GET:
        case Token.SET:
        case Token.STRING:
          // This may be a key in an object literal declaration.
          name = null;
          if (parent != null && parent.getType() == Token.OBJECTLIT) {
            name = getNameForObjLitKey(n);
          }
          if (name == null) return;
          isSet = true;
          switch (n.getType()) {
            case Token.STRING:
              type = getValueType(n.getFirstChild());
              break;
            case Token.GET:
              type = Name.Type.GET;
              break;
            case Token.SET:
              type = Name.Type.SET;
              break;
            default:
              throw new IllegalStateException("unexpected:" + n);
          }
          break;
        case Token.NAME:
          // This may be a variable get or set.
          if (parent != null) {
            switch (parent.getType()) {
              case Token.VAR:
                isSet = true;
                Node rvalue = n.getFirstChild();
                type = rvalue == null ? Name.Type.OTHER : getValueType(rvalue);
                break;
              case Token.ASSIGN:
                if (parent.getFirstChild() == n) {
                  isSet = true;
                  type = getValueType(n.getNext());
                }
                break;
              case Token.GETPROP:
                return;
              case Token.FUNCTION:
                Node gramps = parent.getParent();
                if (gramps == null ||
                    NodeUtil.isFunctionExpression(parent)) return;
                isSet = true;
                type = Name.Type.FUNCTION;
                break;
              case Token.INC:
              case Token.DEC:
                isSet = true;
                type = Name.Type.OTHER;
                break;
              default:
                if (NodeUtil.isAssignmentOp(parent) &&
                    parent.getFirstChild() == n) {
                  isSet = true;
                  type = Name.Type.OTHER;
                }
            }
          }
          name = n.getString();
          break;
        case Token.GETPROP:
          // This may be a namespaced name get or set.
          if (parent != null) {
            switch (parent.getType()) {
              case Token.ASSIGN:
                if (parent.getFirstChild() == n) {
                  isSet = true;
                  type = getValueType(n.getNext());
                  isPropAssign = true;
                }
                break;
              case Token.INC:
              case Token.DEC:
                isSet = true;
                type = Name.Type.OTHER;
                break;
              case Token.GETPROP:
                return;
              default:
                if (NodeUtil.isAssignmentOp(parent) &&
                    parent.getFirstChild() == n) {
                  isSet = true;
                  type = Name.Type.OTHER;
                }
            }
          }
          name = n.getQualifiedName();
          if (name == null) return;
          break;
        default:
          return;
      }

      // We are only interested in global names.
      Scope scope = t.getScope();
      if (!isGlobalNameReference(name, scope)) {
        return;
      }

      if (isSet) {
        if (isGlobalScope(scope)) {
          handleSetFromGlobal(t, n, parent, name, isPropAssign, type);
        } else {
          handleSetFromLocal(t, n, parent, name);
        }
      } else {
        handleGet(t, n, parent, name);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the fully qualified name corresponding to an object literal key,
     * as long as it and its prefix property names are valid JavaScript
     * identifiers. The object literal may be nested inside of other object
     * literals.
     *
     * For example, if called with node {@code n} representing "z" in any of
     * the following expressions, the result would be "w.x.y.z":
     *  var w = {x: {y: {z: 0}}}; 
     *  w.x = {y: {z: 0}}; 
     *  w.x.y = {'a': 0, 'z': 0}; 
     *
     * @param n A child of an OBJLIT node
     * @return The global name, or null if {@code n} doesn't correspond to the
     *   key of an object literal that can be named
     */
    String getNameForObjLitKey(Node n) {
      Node parent = n.getParent();
      Preconditions.checkState(parent.getType() == Token.OBJECTLIT);

      Node gramps = parent.getParent();
      if (gramps == null) {
        return null;
      }

      Node greatGramps = gramps.getParent();
      String name;
      switch (gramps.getType()) {
        case Token.NAME:
          // VAR
          //   NAME (gramps)
          //     OBJLIT (parent)
          //       STRING (n)
          if (greatGramps == null ||
              greatGramps.getType() != Token.VAR) {
            return null;
          }
          name = gramps.getString();
          break;
        case Token.ASSIGN:
          // ASSIGN (gramps)
          //   NAME|GETPROP
          //   OBJLIT (parent)
          //     STRING (n)
          Node lvalue = gramps.getFirstChild();
          name = lvalue.getQualifiedName();
          break;
        case Token.STRING:
          // OBJLIT
          //   STRING (gramps)
          //     OBJLIT (parent)
          //       STRING (n)
          if (greatGramps != null &&
              greatGramps.getType() == Token.OBJECTLIT) {
            name = getNameForObjLitKey(gramps);
          } else {
            return null;
          }
          break;
        default:
          return null;
      }
      if (name != null) {
        String key = n.getString();
        if (TokenStream.isJSIdentifier(key)) {
          return name + '.' + key;
        }
      }
      return null;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the type of a value or simple expression.
     *
     * @param n An rvalue in an assignment or variable declaration (not null)
     * @return A {@link Name.Type}
     */
    Name.Type getValueType(Node n) {
      switch (n.getType()) {
        case Token.OBJECTLIT:
          return Name.Type.OBJECTLIT;
        case Token.FUNCTION:
          return Name.Type.FUNCTION;
        case Token.OR:
          // Recurse on the second value. If the first value were an object
          // literal or function, then the OR would be meaningless and the
          // second value would be dead code. Assume that if the second value
          // is an object literal or function, then the first value will also
          // evaluate to one when it doesn't evaluate to false.
          return getValueType(n.getLastChild());
        case Token.HOOK:
          // The same line of reasoning used for the OR case applies here.
          Node second = n.getFirstChild().getNext();
          Name.Type t = getValueType(second);
          if (t != Name.Type.OTHER) return t;
          Node third = second.getNext();
          return getValueType(third);
      }
      return Name.Type.OTHER;
    }

    /**
     * Updates our respresentation of the global namespace to reflect an
     * assignment to a global name in global scope.
     *
     * @param t The traversal
     * @param n The node currently being visited
     * @param parent {@code n}'s parent
     * @param name The global name (e.g. "a" or "a.b.c.d")
     * @param isPropAssign Whether this set corresponds to a property
     *     assignment of the form a.b.c = ...;
     * @param type The type of the value that the name is being assigned
     */
    void handleSetFromGlobal(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent, String name,
                             boolean isPropAssign, Name.Type type) {
      if (maybeHandlePrototypePrefix(t, n, parent, name)) return;

      Name nameObj = getOrCreateName(name);
      nameObj.type = type;

      Ref set = new Ref(t, n, nameObj, Ref.Type.SET_FROM_GLOBAL,
          currentPreOrderIndex++);
      nameObj.addRef(set);

      if (isNestedAssign(parent)) {
        // This assignment is both a set and a get that creates an alias.
        Ref get = new Ref(t, n, nameObj, Ref.Type.ALIASING_GET,
            currentPreOrderIndex++);
        nameObj.addRef(get);
        Ref.markTwins(set, get);
      } else if (isConstructorOrEnumDeclaration(n, parent)) {
        // Names with a @constructor or @enum annotation are always collapsed
        nameObj.setIsClassOrEnum();
      }
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether a set operation is a constructor or enumeration
     * declaration. The set operation may either be an assignment to a name,
     * a variable declaration, or an object literal key mapping.
     *
     * @param n The node that represents the name being set
     * @param parent Parent node of {@code n} (an ASSIGN, VAR, or OBJLIT node)
     * @return Whether the set operation is either a constructor or enum
     *     declaration
     */
    private boolean isConstructorOrEnumDeclaration(Node n, Node parent) {
      JSDocInfo info;
      int valueNodeType;
      switch (parent.getType()) {
        case Token.ASSIGN:
          info = parent.getJSDocInfo();
          valueNodeType = n.getNext().getType();
          break;
        case Token.VAR:
          info = n.getJSDocInfo();
          if (info == null) {
            info = parent.getJSDocInfo();
          }
          Node valueNode = n.getFirstChild();
          valueNodeType = valueNode != null ? valueNode.getType() : Token.VOID;
          break;
        default:
          if (NodeUtil.isFunctionDeclaration(parent)) {
            info = parent.getJSDocInfo();
            valueNodeType = Token.FUNCTION;
            break;
          }
          return false;
      }
      // Heed the annotations only if they're sensibly used.
      return info != null &&
             (info.isConstructor() && valueNodeType == Token.FUNCTION ||
              info.hasEnumParameterType() && valueNodeType == Token.OBJECTLIT);
    }

    /**
     * Updates our respresentation of the global namespace to reflect an
     * assignment to a global name in a local scope.
     *
     * @param t The traversal
     * @param n The node currently being visited
     * @param parent {@code n}'s parent
     * @param name The global name (e.g. "a" or "a.b.c.d")
     */
    void handleSetFromLocal(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent,
                            String name) {
      if (maybeHandlePrototypePrefix(t, n, parent, name)) return;

      Name nameObj = getOrCreateName(name);
      Ref set = new Ref(t, n, nameObj,
          Ref.Type.SET_FROM_LOCAL, currentPreOrderIndex++);
      nameObj.addRef(set);

      if (isNestedAssign(parent)) {
        // This assignment is both a set and a get that creates an alias.
        Ref get = new Ref(t, n, nameObj,
            Ref.Type.ALIASING_GET, currentPreOrderIndex++);
        nameObj.addRef(get);
        Ref.markTwins(set, get);
      }
    }

    /**
     * Updates our respresentation of the global namespace to reflect a read
     * of a global name.
     *
     * @param t The traversal
     * @param n The node currently being visited
     * @param parent {@code n}'s parent
     * @param name The global name (e.g. "a" or "a.b.c.d")
     */
    void handleGet(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent, String name) {
      if (maybeHandlePrototypePrefix(t, n, parent, name)) return;

      Ref.Type type = Ref.Type.DIRECT_GET;
      if (parent != null) {
        switch (parent.getType()) {
          case Token.IF:
          case Token.TYPEOF:
          case Token.VOID:
          case Token.NOT:
          case Token.BITNOT:
          case Token.POS:
          case Token.NEG:
            break;
          case Token.CALL:
            type = n == parent.getFirstChild()
                   ? Ref.Type.CALL_GET
                   : Ref.Type.ALIASING_GET;
            break;
          case Token.NEW:
            type = n == parent.getFirstChild()
                   ? Ref.Type.DIRECT_GET
                   : Ref.Type.ALIASING_GET;
            break;
          case Token.OR:
          case Token.AND:
            // This node is x or y in (x||y) or (x&&y). We only know that an
            // alias is not getting created for this name if the result is used
            // in a boolean context or assigned to the same name
            // (e.g. var a = a || {}).
            type = determineGetTypeForHookOrBooleanExpr(t, parent, name);
            break;
          case Token.HOOK:
            if (n != parent.getFirstChild()) {
              // This node is y or z in (x?y:z). We only know that an alias is
              // not getting created for this name if the result is assigned to
              // the same name (e.g. var a = a ? a : {}).
              type = determineGetTypeForHookOrBooleanExpr(t, parent, name);
            }
            break;
          case Token.DELPROP:
            type = Ref.Type.DELETE_PROP;
            break;
          default:
            type = Ref.Type.ALIASING_GET;
            break;
        }
      }

      handleGet(t, n, parent, name, type);
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether the result of a hook (x?y:z) or boolean expression
     * (x||y) or (x&&y) is assigned to a specific global name.
     *
     * @param t The traversal
     * @param parent The parent of the current node in the traversal. This node
     *     should already be known to be a HOOK, AND, or OR node.
     * @param name A name that is already known to be global in the current
     *     scope (e.g. "a" or "a.b.c.d")
     * @return The expression's get type, either {@link Ref.Type#DIRECT_GET} or
     *     {@link Ref.Type#ALIASING_GET}
     */
    Ref.Type determineGetTypeForHookOrBooleanExpr(
        NodeTraversal t, Node parent, String name) {
      Node prev = parent;
      for (Node anc : parent.getAncestors()) {
        switch (anc.getType()) {
          case Token.EXPR_RESULT:
          case Token.VAR:
          case Token.IF:
          case Token.WHILE:
          case Token.FOR:
          case Token.TYPEOF:
          case Token.VOID:
          case Token.NOT:
          case Token.BITNOT:
          case Token.POS:
          case Token.NEG:
            return Ref.Type.DIRECT_GET;
          case Token.HOOK:
            if (anc.getFirstChild() == prev) {
              return Ref.Type.DIRECT_GET;
            }
            break;
          case Token.ASSIGN:
            if (!name.equals(anc.getFirstChild().getQualifiedName())) {
              return Ref.Type.ALIASING_GET;
            }
            break;
          case Token.NAME:  // a variable declaration
            if (!name.equals(anc.getString())) {
              return Ref.Type.ALIASING_GET;
            }
            break;
          case Token.CALL:
            if (anc.getFirstChild() != prev) {
              return Ref.Type.ALIASING_GET;
            }
            break;
          case Token.DELPROP:
            return Ref.Type.DELETE_PROP;
        }
        prev = anc;
      }
      return Ref.Type.ALIASING_GET;
    }

    /**
     * Updates our respresentation of the global namespace to reflect a read
     * of a global name.
     *
     * @param t The current node traversal
     * @param n The node currently being visited
     * @param parent {@code n}'s parent
     * @param name The global name (e.g. "a" or "a.b.c.d")
     * @param type The reference type
     */
    void handleGet(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent,
        String name, Ref.Type type) {
      Name nameObj = getOrCreateName(name);

      // No need to look up additional ancestors, since they won't be used.
      nameObj.addRef(new Ref(t, n, nameObj, type, currentPreOrderIndex++));
    }

    /**
     * Updates our respresentation of the global namespace to reflect a read
     * of a global name's longest prefix before the "prototype" property if the
     * name includes the "prototype" property. Does nothing otherwise.
     *
     * @param t The current node traversal
     * @param n The node currently being visited
     * @param parent {@code n}'s parent
     * @param name The global name (e.g. "a" or "a.b.c.d")
     * @return Whether the name was handled
     */
    boolean maybeHandlePrototypePrefix(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent,
        String name) {
      // We use a string-based approach instead of inspecting the parse tree
      // to avoid complexities with object literals, possibly nested, beneath
      // assignments.

      int numLevelsToRemove;
      String prefix;
      if (name.endsWith(".prototype")) {
        numLevelsToRemove = 1;
        prefix = name.substring(0, name.length() - 10);
      } else {
        int i = name.indexOf(".prototype.");
        if (i == -1) {
          return false;
        }
        prefix = name.substring(0, i);
        numLevelsToRemove = 2;
        i = name.indexOf('.', i + 11);
        while (i >= 0) {
          numLevelsToRemove++;
          i = name.indexOf('.', i + 1);
        }
      }

      if (parent != null && NodeUtil.isObjectLitKey(n, parent)) {
        // Object literal keys have no prefix that's referenced directly per
        // key, so we're done.
        return true;
      }

      for (int i = 0; i < numLevelsToRemove; i++) {
        parent = n;
        n = n.getFirstChild();
      }

      handleGet(t, n, parent, prefix, Ref.Type.PROTOTYPE_GET);
      return true;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether an assignment is nested (i.e. whether its return
     * value is used).
     *
     * @param parent The parent of the current traversal node (not null)
     * @return Whether it appears that the return value of the assignment is
     *     used
     */
    boolean isNestedAssign(Node parent) {
      return parent.getType() == Token.ASSIGN &&
             !NodeUtil.isExpressionNode(parent.getParent());
    }

    /**
     * Gets a {@link Name} instance for a global name. Creates it if necessary,
     * as well as instances for any of its prefixes that are not yet defined.
     *
     * @param name A global name (e.g. "a", "a.b.c.d")
     * @return The {@link Name} instance for {@code name}
     */
    Name getOrCreateName(String name) {
      Name node = nameMap.get(name);
      if (node == null) {
        int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
        if (i >= 0) {
          String parentName = name.substring(0, i);
          Name parent = getOrCreateName(parentName);
          node = parent.addProperty(name.substring(i + 1), inExterns);
        } else {
          node = new Name(name, null, inExterns);
          globalNames.add(node);
        }
        nameMap.put(name, node);
      }
      return node;
    }
  }

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

  /**
   * A name defined in global scope (e.g. "a" or "a.b.c.d"). These form a tree.
   * As the parse tree traversal proceeds, we'll discover that some names
   * correspond to JavaScript objects whose properties we should consider
   * collapsing.
   */
  static class Name implements StaticSlot {
    enum Type {
      OBJECTLIT,
      FUNCTION,
      GET,
      SET,
      OTHER,
    }

    private final String baseName;
    final Name parent;
    List props;

    /** The first global assignment to a name. */
    private Ref declaration;

    /** All references to a name. This must contain {@code declaration}. */
    private List refs;

    Type type;
    private boolean isClassOrEnum = false;
    private boolean hasClassOrEnumDescendant = false;
    int globalSets = 0;
    int localSets = 0;
    int aliasingGets = 0;
    int totalGets = 0;
    int callGets = 0;
    int deleteProps = 0;
    boolean inExterns;

    JSDocInfo docInfo = null;

    Name(String name, Name parent, boolean inExterns) {
      this.baseName = name;
      this.parent = parent;
      this.type = Type.OTHER;
      this.inExterns = inExterns;
    }

    Name addProperty(String name, boolean inExterns) {
      if (props == null) {
        props = new ArrayList();
      }
      Name node = new Name(name, this, inExterns);
      props.add(node);
      return node;
    }

    String getBaseName() {
      return baseName;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
      return getFullName();
    }

    String getFullName() {
      return parent == null ? baseName : parent.getFullName() + '.' + baseName;
    }

    @Override
    public Ref getDeclaration() {
      return declaration;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isTypeInferred() {
      return false;
    }

    @Override
    public JSType getType() {
      return null;
    }

    void addRef(Ref ref) {
      addRefInternal(ref);
      switch (ref.type) {
        case SET_FROM_GLOBAL:
          if (declaration == null) {
            declaration = ref;
            docInfo = getDocInfoForDeclaration(ref);
          }
          globalSets++;
          break;
        case SET_FROM_LOCAL:
          localSets++;
          break;
        case PROTOTYPE_GET:
        case DIRECT_GET:
          totalGets++;
          break;
        case ALIASING_GET:
          aliasingGets++;
          totalGets++;
          break;
        case CALL_GET:
          callGets++;
          totalGets++;
          break;
        case DELETE_PROP:
          deleteProps++;
          break;
        default:
          throw new IllegalStateException();
      }
    }

    void removeRef(Ref ref) {
      if (refs != null && refs.remove(ref)) {
        if (ref == declaration) {
          declaration = null;
          if (refs != null) {
            for (Ref maybeNewDecl : refs) {
              if (maybeNewDecl.type == Ref.Type.SET_FROM_GLOBAL) {
                declaration = maybeNewDecl;
                break;
              }
            }
          }
        }

        switch (ref.type) {
          case SET_FROM_GLOBAL:
            globalSets--;
            break;
          case SET_FROM_LOCAL:
            localSets--;
            break;
          case PROTOTYPE_GET:
          case DIRECT_GET:
            totalGets--;
            break;
          case ALIASING_GET:
            aliasingGets--;
            totalGets--;
            break;
          case CALL_GET:
            callGets--;
            totalGets--;
            break;
          case DELETE_PROP:
            deleteProps--;
            break;
          default:
            throw new IllegalStateException();
        }
      }
    }

    List getRefs() {
      return refs == null ? ImmutableList.of() : refs;
    }

    void addRefInternal(Ref ref) {
      if (refs == null) {
        refs = Lists.newArrayList();
      }
      refs.add(ref);
    }

    boolean canEliminate() {
      if (!canCollapseUnannotatedChildNames() || totalGets > 0) {
        return false;
      }

      if (props != null) {
        for (Name n : props) {
          if (!n.canCollapse()) {
            return false;
          }
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    boolean isSimpleStubDeclaration() {
      if (getRefs().size() == 1) {
        Ref ref = refs.get(0);
        JSDocInfo info = ref.node.getJSDocInfo();
        if (ref.node.getParent() != null &&
            ref.node.getParent().getType() == Token.EXPR_RESULT) {
          return true;
        }
      }
      return false;
    }

    boolean canCollapse() {
      return !inExterns && !isGetOrSetDefinition() && (isClassOrEnum ||
          (parent == null || parent.canCollapseUnannotatedChildNames()) &&
          (globalSets > 0 || localSets > 0) &&
          deleteProps == 0);
    }

    boolean isGetOrSetDefinition() {
      return this.type == Type.GET || this.type == Type.SET;
    }

    boolean canCollapseUnannotatedChildNames() {
      if (type == Type.OTHER || isGetOrSetDefinition()
          || globalSets != 1 || localSets != 0 || deleteProps != 0) {
        return false;
      }

      // Don't try to collapse if the one global set is a twin reference.
      // We could theoretically handle this case in CollapseProperties, but
      // it's probably not worth the effort.
      Preconditions.checkNotNull(declaration);
      if (declaration.getTwin() != null) {
        return false;
      }

      if (isClassOrEnum) {
        return true;
      }

      // If this is a key of an aliased object literal, then it will be aliased
      // later. So we won't be able to collapse its properties.
      if (parent != null && parent.shouldKeepKeys()) {
        return false;
      }

      // If this is aliased, then its properties can't be collapsed either.
      if (aliasingGets > 0) {
        return false;
      }

      return (parent == null || parent.canCollapseUnannotatedChildNames());
    }

    /** Whether this is an object literal that needs to keep its keys. */
    boolean shouldKeepKeys() {
      return type == Type.OBJECTLIT && aliasingGets > 0;
    }

    boolean needsToBeStubbed() {
      return globalSets == 0 && localSets > 0;
    }

    void setIsClassOrEnum() {
      isClassOrEnum = true;
      for (Name ancestor = parent; ancestor != null;
           ancestor = ancestor.parent) {
        ancestor.hasClassOrEnumDescendant = true;
      }
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether this name is a prefix of at least one class or enum
     * name. Because classes and enums are always collapsed, the namespace will
     * have different properties in compiled code than in uncompiled code.
     *
     * For example, if foo.bar.DomHelper is a class, then foo and foo.bar are
     * considered namespaces.
     */
    boolean isNamespace() {
      return hasClassOrEnumDescendant && type == Type.OBJECTLIT;
    }

    /**
     * Determines whether this is a simple name (as opposed to a qualified
     * name).
     */
    boolean isSimpleName() {
      return parent == null;
    }

    @Override public String toString() {
      return getFullName() + " (" + type + "): globalSets=" + globalSets +
          ", localSets=" + localSets + ", totalGets=" + totalGets +
          ", aliasingGets=" + aliasingGets + ", callGets=" + callGets;
    }

    /**
     * Tries to get the doc info for a given declaration ref.
     */
    private static JSDocInfo getDocInfoForDeclaration(Ref ref) {
      if (ref.node != null) {
        Node refParent = ref.node.getParent();
        switch (refParent.getType()) {
          case Token.FUNCTION:
          case Token.ASSIGN:
            return refParent.getJSDocInfo();
          case Token.VAR:
            return ref.node == refParent.getFirstChild() ?
                refParent.getJSDocInfo() : ref.node.getJSDocInfo();
        }
      }

      return null;
    }
  }

  // -------------------------------------------------------------------------

  /**
   * A global name reference. Contains references to the relevant parse tree
   * node and its ancestors that may be affected.
   */
  static class Ref implements StaticReference {
    enum Type {
      SET_FROM_GLOBAL,
      SET_FROM_LOCAL,
      PROTOTYPE_GET,
      ALIASING_GET,     // Prevents a name's properties from being collapsed
      DIRECT_GET,       // Prevents a name from being completely eliminated
      CALL_GET,         // Prevents a name from being collapsed if never set
      DELETE_PROP,      // Prevents a name from being collapsed at all.
    }

    Node node;
    final JSModule module;
    final StaticSourceFile source;
    final Name name;
    final Type type;
    final Scope scope;
    final int preOrderIndex;

    /**
     * Certain types of references are actually double-refs. For example,
     * var a = b = 0;
     * counts as both a "set" of b and an "alias" of b.
     *
     * We create two Refs for this node, and mark them as twins of each other.
     */
    private Ref twin = null;

    /**
     * Creates a reference at the current node.
     */
    Ref(NodeTraversal t, Node node, Name name, Type type, int index) {
      this.node = node;
      this.name = name;
      this.module = t.getInput() == null ? null : t.getInput().getModule();
      this.source = node.getStaticSourceFile();
      this.type = type;
      this.scope = t.getScope();
      this.preOrderIndex = index;
    }

    private Ref(Ref original, Type type, int index) {
      this.node = original.node;
      this.name = original.name;
      this.module = original.module;
      this.source = original.source;
      this.type = type;
      this.scope = original.scope;
      this.preOrderIndex = index;
    }

    private Ref(Type type, int index) {
      this.type = type;
      this.module = null;
      this.source = null;
      this.scope = null;
      this.name = null;
      this.preOrderIndex = index;
    }

    @Override
    public Node getNode() {
      return node;
    }

    @Override
    public StaticSourceFile getSourceFile() {
      return source;
    }

    @Override
    public StaticSlot getSymbol() {
      return name;
    }

    JSModule getModule() {
      return module;
    }

    String getSourceName() {
      return source == null ? "" : source.getName();
    }

    Ref getTwin() {
      return twin;
    }

    boolean isSet() {
      return type == Type.SET_FROM_GLOBAL || type == Type.SET_FROM_LOCAL;
    }

    static void markTwins(Ref a, Ref b) {
      Preconditions.checkArgument(
          (a.type == Type.ALIASING_GET || b.type == Type.ALIASING_GET) &&
          (a.type == Type.SET_FROM_GLOBAL || a.type == Type.SET_FROM_LOCAL ||
           b.type == Type.SET_FROM_GLOBAL || b.type == Type.SET_FROM_LOCAL));
      a.twin = b;
      b.twin = a;
    }

    /**
     * Create a new ref that is the same as this one, but of
     * a different class.
     */
    Ref cloneAndReclassify(Type type) {
      return new Ref(this, type, this.preOrderIndex);
    }

    static Ref createRefForTesting(Type type) {
      return new Ref(type, -1);
    }
  }
}




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