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/*
* Copyright 2009 The Closure Compiler Authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.google.javascript.jscomp;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.base.Predicates;
import com.google.javascript.jscomp.ControlFlowGraph.AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback;
import com.google.javascript.jscomp.ControlFlowGraph.Branch;
import com.google.javascript.jscomp.MustBeReachingVariableDef.Definition;
import com.google.javascript.jscomp.NodeTraversal.AbstractShallowCallback;
import com.google.javascript.jscomp.NodeTraversal.ScopedCallback;
import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.DiGraph.DiGraphEdge;
import com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph.DiGraph.DiGraphNode;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* Inline variables when possible. Using the information from
* {@link MaybeReachingVariableUse} and {@link MustBeReachingVariableDef},
* this pass attempts to inline a variable by placing the value at the
* definition where the variable is used. The basic requirements for inlining
* are the following:
*
*
* - There is exactly one reaching definition at the use of that variable
*
* - There is exactly one use for that definition of the variable
*
*
*
* Other requirements can be found in {@link Candidate#canInline}. Currently
* this pass does not operate on the global scope due to compilation time.
*/
class FlowSensitiveInlineVariables implements CompilerPass, ScopedCallback {
/**
* Implementation:
*
* This pass first perform a traversal to gather a list of Candidates that
* could be inlined using {@link GatherCandidates}.
*
* The second step involves verifying that each candidate is actually safe
* to inline with {@link Candidate#canInline(Scope)} and finally perform
* inlining using {@link Candidate#inlineVariable()}.
*
* The reason for the delayed evaluation of the candidates is because we
* need two separate dataflow result.
*/
private final AbstractCompiler compiler;
private final SideEffectPredicate sideEffectPredicate;
// These two pieces of data is persistent in the whole execution of enter
// scope.
private ControlFlowGraph cfg;
private Set candidates;
private MustBeReachingVariableDef reachingDef;
private MaybeReachingVariableUse reachingUses;
private class SideEffectPredicate implements Predicate {
// Check if there are side effects affecting the value of any of these names
// (but not properties defined on that name)
private final Set namesToCheck;
public SideEffectPredicate() {
namesToCheck = null;
}
public SideEffectPredicate(Set names) {
this.namesToCheck = names;
}
@Override
public boolean apply(Node n) {
// When the node is null it means, we reached the implicit return
// where the function returns (possibly without an return statement)
if (n == null) {
return false;
}
if (namesToCheck != null
&& n.isName()
&& namesToCheck.contains(n.getString())
&& NodeUtil.isLValue(n)) {
// the name is being written to. this is a problem, unless it is part of a top-level assign
// chain and the write will take place after all CFG node subexpressions are evaluated
return !isTopLevelAssignTarget(n);
}
AstAnalyzer astAnalyzer = compiler.getAstAnalyzer();
// TODO(user): We only care about calls to functions that
// passes one of the dependent variable to a non-side-effect free
// function.
if (n.isCall() && astAnalyzer.functionCallHasSideEffects(n)) {
return true;
}
if (n.isNew() && astAnalyzer.constructorCallHasSideEffects(n)) {
return true;
}
if (n.isDelProp()) {
return true;
}
for (Node c = n.getFirstChild(); c != null; c = c.getNext()) {
if (!ControlFlowGraph.isEnteringNewCfgNode(c) && apply(c)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
/** Whether the given node is the target of a (possibly chained) assignment */
private static boolean isTopLevelAssignTarget(Node n) {
Node ancestor = n.getParent();
while (ancestor.isAssign()) {
ancestor = ancestor.getParent();
}
return ancestor.isExprResult();
}
public FlowSensitiveInlineVariables(AbstractCompiler compiler) {
this.compiler = compiler;
this.sideEffectPredicate = new SideEffectPredicate();
}
@Override
public final boolean shouldTraverse(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
return !n.isScript() || !t.getInput().isExtern();
}
@Override
public void enterScope(NodeTraversal t) {
if (t.inGlobalScope()) {
return; // Don't even brother. All global variables are likely escaped.
}
if (!t.getScope().isFunctionBlockScope()) {
return; // Only want to do the following if its a function block scope.
}
Node functionScopeRoot = t.getScopeRoot().getParent();
if (!isCandidateFunction(functionScopeRoot)) {
return;
}
if (LiveVariablesAnalysis.MAX_VARIABLES_TO_ANALYZE < t.getScope().getVarCount()) {
return;
}
SyntacticScopeCreator scopeCreator = (SyntacticScopeCreator) t.getScopeCreator();
// Compute the forward reaching definition.
ControlFlowAnalysis cfa = new ControlFlowAnalysis(compiler, false, true);
// Process the body of the function.
cfa.process(null, functionScopeRoot);
cfg = cfa.getCfg();
reachingDef = new MustBeReachingVariableDef(cfg, t.getScope(), compiler, scopeCreator);
reachingDef.analyze();
candidates = new LinkedHashSet<>();
// Using the forward reaching definition search to find all the inline
// candidates
NodeTraversal.traverse(compiler, t.getScopeRoot(), new GatherCandidates());
// Compute the backward reaching use. The CFG can be reused.
reachingUses = new MaybeReachingVariableUse(cfg, t.getScope(), compiler, scopeCreator);
reachingUses.analyze();
while (!candidates.isEmpty()) {
Candidate c = candidates.iterator().next();
if (c.canInline(t.getScope())) {
c.inlineVariable();
candidates.remove(c);
// If candidate "c" has dependencies, then inlining it may have introduced new dependencies
// for our other inlining candidates. MustBeReachingVariableDef uses a dependency graph in
// its analysis. Generating a new dependency graph will need another CFG computation.
// Ideally we should iterate to a fixed point, but that can be costly. Therefore, we use
// a conservative heuristic here: For each candidate "other", we back off if its set of
// dependencies cannot contain all of "c"'s dependencies.
if (!c.defMetadata.depends.isEmpty()) {
for (Iterator it = candidates.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
Candidate other = it.next();
if (other.defMetadata.depends.contains(t.getScope().getVar(c.varName))
&& !other.defMetadata.depends.containsAll(c.defMetadata.depends)) {
it.remove();
}
}
}
} else {
candidates.remove(c);
}
}
}
private boolean isCandidateFunction(Node fn) {
Node fnBody = fn.getLastChild();
return containsCandidateExpressions(fnBody);
}
private static boolean containsCandidateExpressions(Node n) {
if (n.isFunction()) {
// don't recurse into inner functions or into expressions the can't contain declarations.
return false;
}
if (NodeUtil.isNameDeclaration(n) || isAssignmentToName(n)) {
// if it is a simple assignment
if (n.getFirstChild().isName()) {
return true;
}
}
for (Node c = n.getFirstChild(); c != null; c = c.getNext()) {
if (containsCandidateExpressions(c)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
private static boolean isAssignmentToName(Node n) {
if (NodeUtil.isAssignmentOp(n) || n.isDec() || n.isInc()) {
// if it is a simple assignment
return (n.getFirstChild().isName());
}
return false;
}
@Override
public void exitScope(NodeTraversal t) {}
@Override
public void process(Node externs, Node root) {
(new NodeTraversal(compiler, this, new SyntacticScopeCreator(compiler)))
.traverseRoots(externs, root);
}
@Override
public void visit(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
// TODO(user): While the helpers do a subtree traversal on the AST, the
// compiler pass itself only traverse the AST to look for function
// declarations to perform dataflow analysis on. We could combine
// the traversal in DataFlowAnalysis's computeEscaped later to save some
// time.
}
private class GatherCandidatesCfgNodeCallback extends AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback {
Node cfgNode = null;
public void setCfgNode(Node cfgNode) {
this.cfgNode = cfgNode;
}
@Override
public void visit(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
if (n.isName()) {
// n.getParent() isn't null. This just the case where n is the root
// node that gatherCb started at.
if (parent == null) {
return;
}
// Make sure that the name node is purely a read.
if ((NodeUtil.isAssignmentOp(parent) && parent.getFirstChild() == n)
|| NodeUtil.isNameDeclaration(parent)
|| parent.isInc()
|| parent.isDec()
|| parent.isParamList()
|| parent.isCatch()
|| NodeUtil.isLhsByDestructuring(n)) {
return;
}
String name = n.getString();
if (compiler.getCodingConvention().isExported(name)) {
return;
}
Definition def = reachingDef.getDef(name, cfgNode);
// TODO(nicksantos): We need to add some notion of @const outer
// scope vars. We can inline those just fine.
if (def != null && !reachingDef.dependsOnOuterScopeVars(def)) {
candidates.add(new Candidate(name, def, n, cfgNode));
}
}
}
}
/**
* Gathers a list of possible candidates for inlining based only on
* information from {@link MustBeReachingVariableDef}. The list will be stored
* in {@code candidates} and the validity of each inlining Candidate should
* be later verified with {@link Candidate#canInline(Scope)} when
* {@link MaybeReachingVariableUse} has been performed.
*/
private class GatherCandidates extends AbstractShallowCallback {
final GatherCandidatesCfgNodeCallback gatherCb = new GatherCandidatesCfgNodeCallback();
@Override
public void visit(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
DiGraphNode graphNode = cfg.getNode(n);
if (graphNode == null) {
// Not a CFG node.
return;
}
final Node cfgNode = n;
gatherCb.setCfgNode(cfgNode);
NodeTraversal.traverse(compiler, cfgNode, gatherCb);
}
}
/**
* Models the connection between a definition and a use of that definition.
*/
private class Candidate {
// Name of the variable.
private final String varName;
// Nodes related to the definition.
private Node def;
private final Definition defMetadata;
// Nodes related to the use.
private final Node use;
private final Node useCfgNode;
// Number of uses of the variable within the current CFG node.
private int numUsesWithinCfgNode;
Candidate(String varName, Definition defMetadata,
Node use, Node useCfgNode) {
checkArgument(use.isName());
this.varName = varName;
this.defMetadata = defMetadata;
this.use = use;
this.useCfgNode = useCfgNode;
}
private Node getDefCfgNode() {
return defMetadata.node;
}
private boolean canInline(final Scope scope) {
// Cannot inline a parameter.
if (getDefCfgNode().isFunction()) {
return false;
}
getDefinition(getDefCfgNode());
getNumUseInUseCfgNode(useCfgNode);
// Definition was not found.
if (def == null) {
return false;
}
// Check that the assignment isn't used as a R-Value.
// TODO(user): Certain cases we can still inline.
if (def.isAssign() && !NodeUtil.isExprAssign(def.getParent())) {
return false;
}
Set namesToCheck = new HashSet<>();
if (defMetadata.depends != null) {
for (Var var : defMetadata.depends) {
namesToCheck.add(var.getName());
}
}
SideEffectPredicate sideEffectPredicateWithNames = new SideEffectPredicate(namesToCheck);
// A subexpression evaluated after the variable has a side effect.
// Example, for x:
// x = readProp(b), modifyProp(b); print(x);
if (checkPostExpressions(def, getDefCfgNode(), sideEffectPredicateWithNames)) {
return false;
}
// Similar check as the above but this time, all the sub-expressions
// evaluated before the variable.
// x = readProp(b); modifyProp(b), print(x);
if (checkPreExpressions(use, useCfgNode, sideEffectPredicateWithNames)) {
return false;
}
// TODO(user): Side-effect is OK sometimes. As long as there are no
// side-effect function down all paths to the use. Once we have all the
// side-effect analysis tool.
if (compiler.getAstAnalyzer().mayHaveSideEffects(def.getLastChild())) {
return false;
}
// TODO(user): We could inline all the uses if the expression is short.
// Finally we have to make sure that there are no more than one use
// in the program and in the CFG node. Even when it is semantically
// correctly inlining twice increases code size.
if (numUsesWithinCfgNode != 1) {
return false;
}
// Make sure that the name is not within a loop
if (NodeUtil.isWithinLoop(use)) {
return false;
}
Collection uses = reachingUses.getUses(varName, getDefCfgNode());
if (uses.size() != 1) {
return false;
}
if (!isRhsSafeToInline(scope)) {
return false;
}
// We can skip the side effect check along the paths of two nodes if
// they are just next to each other.
if (NodeUtil.isStatementBlock(getDefCfgNode().getParent()) &&
getDefCfgNode().getNext() != useCfgNode) {
// Similar side effect check as above but this time the side effect is
// else where along the path.
// x = readProp(b); while(modifyProp(b)) {}; print(x);
CheckPathsBetweenNodes pathCheck =
new CheckPathsBetweenNodes<>(
cfg,
cfg.getNode(getDefCfgNode()),
cfg.getNode(useCfgNode),
sideEffectPredicate,
Predicates.>alwaysTrue(),
false);
if (pathCheck.somePathsSatisfyPredicate()) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
/**
* Actual transformation.
*/
private void inlineVariable() {
Node defParent = def.getParent();
Node useParent = use.getParent();
if (def.isAssign()) {
Node rhs = def.getLastChild();
rhs.detach();
// Oh yes! I have grandparent to remove this.
checkState(defParent.isExprResult());
while (defParent.getParent().isLabel()) {
defParent = defParent.getParent();
}
compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(defParent);
defParent.detach();
useParent.replaceChild(use, rhs);
} else if (NodeUtil.isNameDeclaration(defParent)) {
Node rhs = def.getLastChild();
if (defParent.isConst()) {
// If it is a const var we don't want to remove the rhs of the variable
def.replaceChild(rhs, Node.newString(Token.NAME, "undefined"));
useParent.replaceChild(use, rhs);
} else {
def.removeChild(rhs);
useParent.replaceChild(use, rhs);
}
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("No other definitions can be inlined.");
}
compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(useParent);
}
/**
* Set the def node
*
* @param n A node that has a corresponding CFG node in the CFG.
*/
private void getDefinition(Node n) {
AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback gatherCb =
new AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback() {
@Override
public void visit(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
switch (n.getToken()) {
case NAME:
if (n.getString().equals(varName) && n.hasChildren()) {
def = n;
}
return;
case ASSIGN:
Node lhs = n.getFirstChild();
if (lhs.isName() && lhs.getString().equals(varName)) {
def = n;
}
return;
default:
break;
}
}
};
NodeTraversal.traverse(compiler, n, gatherCb);
}
/**
* Computes the number of uses of the variable varName and store it in
* numUseWithinUseCfgNode.
*/
private void getNumUseInUseCfgNode(final Node cfgNode) {
numUsesWithinCfgNode = 0;
AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback gatherCb =
new AbstractCfgNodeTraversalCallback() {
@Override
public void visit(NodeTraversal t, Node n, Node parent) {
if (n.isName() && n.getString().equals(varName)) {
// We make a special exception when the entire cfgNode is a chain
// of assignments, since in that case the assignment statements
// will happen after the inlining of the right hand side.
// TODO(lharker): We can probably remove the isAssignChain check, and instead use
// the SideEffectPredicate to look for dangerous assignments in the same CFG node
if (parent.isAssign() && (parent.getFirstChild() == n)
&& isAssignChain(parent, cfgNode)) {
// Don't count lhs of top-level assignment chain
return;
} else {
numUsesWithinCfgNode++;
}
}
}
private boolean isAssignChain(Node child, Node ancestor) {
for (Node n = child; n != ancestor; n = n.getParent()) {
if (!n.isAssign()) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
};
NodeTraversal.traverse(compiler, cfgNode, gatherCb);
}
/**
* Check if the definition we're considering inline has anything that makes inlining unsafe
* (that hasn't already been caught).
*
* @param usageScope The scope we will inline the variable into.
*/
private boolean isRhsSafeToInline(final Scope usageScope) {
// Don't inline definitions with an R-Value that has:
// 1) GETPROP, GETELEM,
// 2) anything that creates a new object.
// Example:
// var x = a.b.c; j.c = 1; print(x);
// Inlining print(a.b.c) is not safe - consider if j were an alias to a.b.
if (NodeUtil.has(
def.getLastChild(),
new Predicate() {
@Override
public boolean apply(Node input) {
switch (input.getToken()) {
case GETELEM:
case GETPROP:
case ARRAYLIT:
case OBJECTLIT:
case REGEXP:
case NEW:
return true; // unsafe to inline.
default:
break;
}
return false;
}
},
new Predicate() {
@Override
public boolean apply(Node input) {
// Recurse if the node is not a function.
return !input.isFunction();
}
})) {
return false;
}
// Don't inline definitions with an rvalue referencing names that are not declared in the
// usage's scope. (Unlike the above check, this includes names referenced inside function
// expressions in the rvalue).
// e.g. the name "a" below in the definition of "b":
// {
// let a = 3;
// var b = a;
// }
// return b; // "a" is not declared in this scope so we can't inline this to "return a;"
if (NodeUtil.has(
def.getLastChild(),
new Predicate() {
@Override
public boolean apply(Node input) {
if (input.isName()) {
String name = input.getString();
if (!name.isEmpty() && !usageScope.hasSlot(name)) {
return true; // unsafe to inline.
}
}
return false;
}
},
Predicates.alwaysTrue())) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
/**
* Given an expression by its root and sub-expression n, return true if the predicate is true for
* some expression evaluated after n.
*
* NOTE: this doesn't correctly check destructuring patterns, because their order of evaluation
* is different from AST traversal order, but currently this is ok because
* FlowSensitiveInlineVariables never inlines variable assignments inside destructuring.
*
*
Example:
*
*
NotChecked(), NotChecked(), n, Checked(), Checked();
*/
private static boolean checkPostExpressions(
Node n, Node expressionRoot, Predicate predicate) {
for (Node p = n; p != expressionRoot; p = p.getParent()) {
for (Node cur = p.getNext(); cur != null; cur = cur.getNext()) {
if (predicate.apply(cur)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Given an expression by its root and sub-expression n, return true if the predicate is true for
* some expression evaluated before n.
*
* In most cases evaluation order follows left-to-right AST order. Destructuring pattern
* evaluation is an exception.
*
*
Example:
*
*
Checked(), Checked(), n, NotChecked(), NotChecked();
*/
private static boolean checkPreExpressions(
Node n, Node expressionRoot, Predicate predicate) {
for (Node p = n; p != expressionRoot; p = p.getParent()) {
Node oldestSibling = p.getParent().getFirstChild();
// Evaluate a destructuring assignment right-to-left.
if (oldestSibling.isDestructuringPattern()) {
if (p.isDestructuringPattern()) {
if (p.getNext() != null && predicate.apply(p.getNext())) {
return true;
}
}
continue;
}
for (Node cur = oldestSibling; cur != p; cur = cur.getNext()) {
if (predicate.apply(cur)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
}