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/**
* Copyright 2011 John Sample
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.google.bitcoin.net.discovery;
import com.google.bitcoin.core.AddressFormatException;
import com.google.bitcoin.core.Base58;
import com.google.bitcoin.core.Utils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* IrcDiscovery provides a way to find network peers by joining a pre-agreed rendevouz point on the LFnet IRC network.
* This class is deprecated because LFnet has ceased to operate and DNS seeds now exist for both prod and test
* networks. It may conceivably still be useful for running small ad-hoc networks by yourself.
*/
@Deprecated
public class IrcDiscovery implements PeerDiscovery {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IrcDiscovery.class);
private String channel;
private int port = 6667;
private String server;
private BufferedWriter writer = null;
private Socket connection;
/**
* Finds a list of peers by connecting to an IRC network, joining a channel, decoding the nicks and then
* disconnecting.
*
* @param channel The IRC channel to join, either "#bitcoin" or "#bitcoinTEST3" for the production and test networks
* respectively.
*/
public IrcDiscovery(String channel) {
this(channel, "irc.lfnet.org", 6667);
}
/**
* Finds a list of peers by connecting to an IRC network, joining a channel, decoding the nicks and then
* disconnecting.
*
* @param server Name or textual IP address of the IRC server to join.
* @param channel The IRC channel to join, either "#bitcoin" or "#bitcoinTEST3" for the production and test networks
*/
public IrcDiscovery(String channel, String server, int port) {
this.channel = channel;
this.server = server;
this.port = port;
}
protected void onIRCSend(String message) {
}
protected void onIRCReceive(String message) {
}
public void shutdown() {
try {
if (connection != null) {
connection.close();
}
} catch (IOException ex) {
// ignore
}
}
/**
* Returns a list of peers that were found in the IRC channel. Note that just because a peer appears in the list
* does not mean it is accepting connections. The given time out value is applied for every IP returned by DNS
* for the given server, so a timeout value of 1 second may result in 5 seconds delay if 5 servers are advertised.
*/
public InetSocketAddress[] getPeers(long timeoutValue, TimeUnit timeoutUnit) throws PeerDiscoveryException {
ArrayList addresses = new ArrayList();
connection = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
try {
InetAddress[] ips = InetAddress.getAllByName(server);
// Pick a random server for load balancing reasons. Try the rest if
int ipCursorStart = (int)(Math.random()*ips.length);
int ipCursor = ipCursorStart;
do {
connection = new Socket();
int timeoutMsec = (int) TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.convert(timeoutValue, timeoutUnit);
connection.setSoTimeout(timeoutMsec);
try {
InetAddress ip = ips[ipCursor];
log.info("Connecting to IRC with " + ip);
connection.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port), timeoutMsec);
} catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
connection = null;
} catch (IOException e) {
connection = null;
}
ipCursor = (ipCursor + 1) % ips.length;
if (ipCursor == ipCursorStart) {
throw new PeerDiscoveryException("Could not connect to " + server);
}
} while (connection == null);
writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8"));
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
// Generate a random nick for the connection. This is chosen to be clearly identifiable as coming from
// bitcoinj but not match the standard nick format, so full peers don't try and connect to us.
String nickRnd = String.format("bcj%d", new Random().nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
String command = "NICK " + nickRnd;
logAndSend(command);
// USER (RFC 2812)
command = "USER " + nickRnd + " 8 *: " + nickRnd;
logAndSend(command);
writer.flush();
// Wait to be logged in. Worst case we end up blocked until the server PING/PONGs us out.
String currLine;
while ((currLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
onIRCReceive(currLine);
// 004 tells us we are connected
// TODO: add common exception conditions (nick already in use, etc..)
// these aren't bullet proof checks but they should do for our purposes.
if (checkLineStatus("004", currLine)) {
break;
}
}
// Join the channel.
logAndSend("JOIN " + channel);
// List users in channel.
logAndSend("NAMES " + channel);
writer.flush();
// A list of the users should be returned. Look for code 353 and parse until code 366.
while ((currLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
onIRCReceive(currLine);
if (checkLineStatus("353", currLine)) {
// Line contains users. List follows ":" (second ":" if line starts with ":")
int subIndex = 0;
if (currLine.startsWith(":")) {
subIndex = 1;
}
String spacedList = currLine.substring(currLine.indexOf(":", subIndex));
addresses.addAll(parseUserList(spacedList.substring(1).split(" ")));
} else if (checkLineStatus("366", currLine)) {
// End of user list.
break;
}
}
// Quit the server.
logAndSend("PART " + channel);
logAndSend("QUIT");
writer.flush();
} catch (Exception e) {
// Throw the original error wrapped in the discovery error.
throw new PeerDiscoveryException(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
try {
if (reader != null) reader.close();
if (writer != null) writer.close();
// No matter what try to close the connection.
if (connection != null) connection.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.warn("Exception whilst closing IRC discovery: " + e.toString());
}
}
return addresses.toArray(new InetSocketAddress[]{});
}
private void logAndSend(String command) throws Exception {
onIRCSend(command);
writer.write(command + "\n");
}
// Visible for testing.
static ArrayList parseUserList(String[] userNames) throws UnknownHostException {
ArrayList addresses = new ArrayList();
for (String user : userNames) {
// All BitCoin peers start their nicknames with a 'u' character.
if (!user.startsWith("u")) {
continue;
}
// After "u" is stripped from the beginning array contains unsigned chars of:
// 4 byte ip address, 2 byte port, 4 byte hash check (ipv4)
byte[] addressBytes;
try {
// Strip off the "u" before decoding. Note that it's possible for anyone to join these IRC channels and
// so simply beginning with "u" does not imply this is a valid BitCoin encoded address.
//
// decodeChecked removes the checksum from the returned bytes.
addressBytes = Base58.decodeChecked(user.substring(1));
} catch (AddressFormatException e) {
log.warn("IRC nick does not parse as base58: " + user);
continue;
}
// TODO: Handle IPv6 if one day the official client uses it. It may be that IRC discovery never does.
if (addressBytes.length != 6) {
continue;
}
byte[] ipBytes = new byte[]{addressBytes[0], addressBytes[1], addressBytes[2], addressBytes[3]};
int port = Utils.readUint16BE(addressBytes, 4);
InetAddress ip;
try {
ip = InetAddress.getByAddress(ipBytes);
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
// Bytes are not a valid IP address.
continue;
}
InetSocketAddress address = new InetSocketAddress(ip, port);
addresses.add(address);
}
return addresses;
}
private static boolean checkLineStatus(String statusCode, String response) {
// Lines can either start with the status code or an optional :
//
// All the testing shows the servers for this purpose use : but plan for either.
// TODO: Consider whether regex would be worth it here.
if (response.startsWith(":")) {
// Look for first space.
int startIndex = response.indexOf(" ") + 1;
// Next part should be status code.
return response.indexOf(statusCode + " ", startIndex) == startIndex;
} else {
if (response.startsWith(statusCode + " ")) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
