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AIMA-Java Core Algorithms from the book Artificial Intelligence a Modern Approach 3rd Ed.
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package aima.core.util.datastructure;

/**
 * Note: If looking at a rectangle - the coordinate (x=0, y=0) will be the top
 * left hand corner. This corresponds with Java's AWT coordinate system.
 * 
 * @author Ravi Mohan
 * @author Mike Stampone
 */
public class XYLocation {
	public enum Direction {
		North, South, East, West
	};

	int xCoOrdinate, yCoOrdinate;

	/**
	 * Constructs and initializes a location at the specified (x,
	 * y) location in the coordinate space.
	 * 
	 * @param x
	 *            the x coordinate
	 * @param y
	 *            the y coordinate
	 */
	public XYLocation(int x, int y) {
		xCoOrdinate = x;
		yCoOrdinate = y;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the X coordinate of the location in integer precision.
	 * 
	 * @return the X coordinate of the location in double precision.
	 */
	public int getXCoOrdinate() {
		return xCoOrdinate;
	}

	public int getYCoOrdinate() {
		return yCoOrdinate;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the location one unit left of this location.
	 * 
	 * @return the location one unit left of this location.
	 */
	public XYLocation west() {
		return new XYLocation(xCoOrdinate - 1, yCoOrdinate);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the location one unit right of this location.
	 * 
	 * @return the location one unit right of this location.
	 */
	public XYLocation east() {
		return new XYLocation(xCoOrdinate + 1, yCoOrdinate);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the location one unit ahead of this location.
	 * 
	 * @return the location one unit ahead of this location.
	 */
	public XYLocation north() {
		return new XYLocation(xCoOrdinate, yCoOrdinate - 1);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the location one unit behind, this location.
	 * 
	 * @return the location one unit behind this location.
	 */
	public XYLocation south() {
		return new XYLocation(xCoOrdinate, yCoOrdinate + 1);
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the location one unit left of this location.
	 * 
	 * @return the location one unit left of this location.
	 */
	public XYLocation left() {
		return west();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the location one unit right of this location.
	 * 
	 * @return the location one unit right of this location.
	 */
	public XYLocation right() {
		return east();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the location one unit above this location.
	 * 
	 * @return the location one unit above this location.
	 */
	public XYLocation up() {
		return north();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the location one unit below this location.
	 * 
	 * @return the location one unit below this location.
	 */
	public XYLocation down() {
		return south();
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the location one unit from this location in the specified
	 * direction.
	 * 
	 * @return the location one unit from this location in the specified
	 *         direction.
	 */
	public XYLocation locationAt(Direction direction) {
		if (direction.equals(Direction.North)) {
			return north();
		}
		if (direction.equals(Direction.South)) {
			return south();
		}
		if (direction.equals(Direction.East)) {
			return east();
		}
		if (direction.equals(Direction.West)) {
			return west();
		} else {
			throw new RuntimeException("Unknown direction " + direction);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object o) {
		if (null == o || !(o instanceof XYLocation)) {
			return super.equals(o);
		}
		XYLocation anotherLoc = (XYLocation) o;
		return ((anotherLoc.getXCoOrdinate() == xCoOrdinate) && (anotherLoc
				.getYCoOrdinate() == yCoOrdinate));
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return " ( " + xCoOrdinate + " , " + yCoOrdinate + " ) ";
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		int result = 17;
		result = 37 * result + xCoOrdinate;
		result = 43 * result + yCoOrdinate;
		return result;
	}
}