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/*
* ProGuardCORE -- library to process Java bytecode.
*
* Copyright (c) 2002-2020 Guardsquare NV
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package proguard.classfile.util;
import proguard.classfile.*;
import proguard.classfile.attribute.*;
import proguard.classfile.attribute.visitor.*;
import proguard.classfile.constant.*;
import proguard.classfile.constant.visitor.ConstantVisitor;
import proguard.classfile.editor.ClassEstimates;
import proguard.classfile.instruction.*;
import proguard.classfile.instruction.visitor.InstructionVisitor;
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* This {@link AttributeVisitor} finds all instruction offsets, branch targets, and
* exception targets in the {@link CodeAttribute} instances that it visits.
*
* @author Eric Lafortune
*/
public class BranchTargetFinder
implements AttributeVisitor,
InstructionVisitor,
ExceptionInfoVisitor,
ConstantVisitor
{
//*
private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
/*/
private static boolean DEBUG = System.getProperty("btf") != null;
//*/
// We'll explicitly mark instructions that are not part of a subroutine,
// with NO_SUBROUTINE. Subroutines may just branch back into normal code
// (e.g. due to a break instruction in Java code), and we want to avoid
// marking such normal code as subroutine. The first mark wins, so we're
// assuming that such code is marked as normal code before it is marked
// as subroutine.
public static final int UNKNOWN = -1;
public static final int NO_SUBROUTINE = -2;
private static final short INSTRUCTION = 1 << 0;
private static final short CREATION = 1 << 1;
private static final short INITIALIZER = 1 << 2;
private static final short BRANCH_ORIGIN = 1 << 3;
private static final short BRANCH_TARGET = 1 << 4;
private static final short AFTER_BRANCH = 1 << 5;
private static final short EXCEPTION_START = 1 << 6;
private static final short EXCEPTION_END = 1 << 7;
private static final short EXCEPTION_HANDLER = 1 << 8;
private static final short SUBROUTINE_INVOCATION = 1 << 9;
private static final short SUBROUTINE_RETURNING = 1 << 10;
private short[] instructionMarks = new short[ClassEstimates.TYPICAL_CODE_LENGTH + 1];
private int[] subroutineStarts = new int[ClassEstimates.TYPICAL_CODE_LENGTH];
private int[] subroutineEnds = new int[ClassEstimates.TYPICAL_CODE_LENGTH];
private boolean containsSubroutines;
private boolean repeat;
private int currentSubroutineStart;
private boolean isInitializer;
/**
* Returns whether there is an instruction at the given offset in the
* CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public boolean isInstruction(int offset)
{
return (instructionMarks[offset] & INSTRUCTION) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset creates a new,
* uninitialized object instance, in the CodeAttribute that was visited
* most recently.
*/
public boolean isCreation(int offset)
{
return (instructionMarks[offset] & CREATION) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset is the special
* invocation of an instance initializer, in the CodeAttribute that was
* visited most recently.
*/
public boolean isInitializer(int offset)
{
return (instructionMarks[offset] & INITIALIZER) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset is the target of
* any kind in the CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public boolean isTarget(int offset)
{
return offset == 0 ||
(instructionMarks[offset] & (BRANCH_TARGET |
EXCEPTION_START |
EXCEPTION_END |
EXCEPTION_HANDLER)) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset is the origin of a
* branch instruction in the CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public boolean isBranchOrigin(int offset)
{
return (instructionMarks[offset] & BRANCH_ORIGIN) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset is the target of a
* branch instruction in the CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public boolean isBranchTarget(int offset)
{
return (instructionMarks[offset] & BRANCH_TARGET) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset comes right after a
* definite branch instruction in the CodeAttribute that was visited most
* recently.
*/
public boolean isAfterBranch(int offset)
{
return (instructionMarks[offset] & AFTER_BRANCH) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset is the start of an
* exception try block in the CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public boolean isExceptionStart(int offset)
{
return (instructionMarks[offset] & EXCEPTION_START) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset is the end of an
* exception try block in the CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public boolean isExceptionEnd(int offset)
{
return (instructionMarks[offset] & EXCEPTION_END) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset is the start of an
* exception handler in the CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public boolean isExceptionHandler(int offset)
{
return (instructionMarks[offset] & EXCEPTION_HANDLER) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset is a subroutine
* invocation in the CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public boolean isSubroutineInvocation(int offset)
{
return (instructionMarks[offset] & SUBROUTINE_INVOCATION) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset is the start of a
* subroutine in the CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public boolean isSubroutineStart(int offset)
{
return subroutineStarts[offset] == offset;
}
/**
* Returns whether the instruction at the given offset is part of a
* subroutine in the CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public boolean isSubroutine(int offset)
{
return subroutineStarts[offset] >= 0;
}
/**
* Returns whether the subroutine at the given offset is ever returning
* by means of a regular 'ret' instruction.
*/
public boolean isSubroutineReturning(int offset)
{
return (instructionMarks[offset] & SUBROUTINE_RETURNING) != 0;
}
/**
* Returns the start offset of the subroutine at the given offset, in the
* CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public int subroutineStart(int offset)
{
return subroutineStarts[offset];
}
/**
* Returns the offset after the subroutine at the given offset, in the
* CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
*/
public int subroutineEnd(int offset)
{
return subroutineEnds[offset];
}
// /**
// * Returns the instruction offset at which the object instance that is
// * created at the given 'new' instruction offset is initialized, or
// * NONE if it is not being created.
// */
// public int initializationOffset(int offset)
// {
// return initializationOffsets[offset];
// }
// /**
// * Returns whether the method is an instance initializer, in the
// * CodeAttribute that was visited most recently.
// */
// public boolean isInitializer()
// {
// return superInitializationOffset != NONE;
// }
// /**
// * Returns the instruction offset at which this initializer is calling
// * the "super" or "this" initializer method, or NONE if it is
// * not an initializer.
// */
// public int superInitializationOffset()
// {
// return superInitializationOffset;
// }
/**
* Returns whether the method contains subroutines, in the CodeAttribute
* that was visited most recently.
*/
public boolean containsSubroutines()
{
return containsSubroutines;
}
// Implementations for AttributeVisitor.
public void visitAnyAttribute(Clazz clazz, Attribute attribute) {}
public void visitCodeAttribute(Clazz clazz, Method method, CodeAttribute codeAttribute)
{
// DEBUG =
// clazz.getName().equals("abc/Def") &&
// method.getName(clazz).equals("abc");
// Make sure there are sufficiently large arrays.
int codeLength = codeAttribute.u4codeLength;
if (subroutineStarts.length < codeLength)
{
// Create new arrays.
instructionMarks = new short[codeLength + 1];
subroutineStarts = new int[codeLength];
subroutineEnds = new int[codeLength];
// initializationOffsets = new int[codeLength];
// Reset the arrays.
Arrays.fill(subroutineStarts, 0, codeLength, UNKNOWN);
Arrays.fill(subroutineEnds, 0, codeLength, UNKNOWN);
// Arrays.fill(initializationOffsets, 0, codeLength, NONE);
}
else
{
// Reset the arrays.
Arrays.fill(instructionMarks, 0, codeLength, (short)0);
Arrays.fill(subroutineStarts, 0, codeLength, UNKNOWN);
Arrays.fill(subroutineEnds, 0, codeLength, UNKNOWN);
// Arrays.fill(initializationOffsets, 0, codeLength, NONE);
instructionMarks[codeLength] = 0;
}
// superInitializationOffset = NONE;
containsSubroutines = false;
// Iterate until all subroutines have been fully marked.
do
{
repeat = false;
currentSubroutineStart = NO_SUBROUTINE;
// Mark branch targets by going over all instructions.
codeAttribute.instructionsAccept(clazz, method, this);
// Mark branch targets in the exception table.
codeAttribute.exceptionsAccept(clazz, method, this);
}
while (repeat);
// The end of the code is a branch target sentinel.
instructionMarks[codeLength] = BRANCH_TARGET;
if (containsSubroutines)
{
// Set the subroutine returning flag and the subroutine end at each
// subroutine start.
int previousSubroutineStart = NO_SUBROUTINE;
for (int offset = 0; offset < codeLength; offset++)
{
if (isInstruction(offset))
{
int subroutineStart = subroutineStarts[offset];
if (subroutineStart >= 0 &&
isSubroutineReturning(offset))
{
instructionMarks[subroutineStart] |= SUBROUTINE_RETURNING;
}
if (previousSubroutineStart >= 0)
{
subroutineEnds[previousSubroutineStart] = offset;
}
previousSubroutineStart = subroutineStart;
}
}
if (previousSubroutineStart >= 0)
{
subroutineEnds[previousSubroutineStart] = codeLength;
}
// Set the subroutine returning flag and the subroutine end at each
// subroutine instruction, based on the marks at the subroutine
// start.
for (int offset = 0; offset < codeLength; offset++)
{
if (isSubroutine(offset))
{
int subroutineStart = subroutineStarts[offset];
if (isSubroutineReturning(subroutineStart))
{
instructionMarks[offset] |= SUBROUTINE_RETURNING;
}
subroutineEnds[offset] = subroutineEnds[subroutineStart];
}
}
}
if (DEBUG)
{
System.out.println();
System.out.println("Branch targets: "+clazz.getName()+"."+method.getName(clazz)+method.getDescriptor(clazz));
for (int index = 0; index < codeLength; index++)
{
if (isInstruction(index))
{
System.out.println("" +
(isInitializer(index) ? 'I' : '-') +
(isBranchOrigin(index) ? 'B' : '-') +
(isAfterBranch(index) ? 'b' : '-') +
(isBranchTarget(index) ? 'T' : '-') +
(isExceptionStart(index) ? 'E' : '-') +
(isExceptionEnd(index) ? 'e' : '-') +
(isExceptionHandler(index) ? 'H' : '-') +
(isSubroutineInvocation(index) ? 'J' : '-') +
(isSubroutineStart(index) ? 'S' : '-') +
(isSubroutineReturning(index) ? 'r' : '-') +
(isSubroutine(index) ? " ["+subroutineStart(index)+" -> "+subroutineEnd(index)+"]" : "") +
InstructionFactory.create(codeAttribute.code, index).toString(index));
}
}
}
}
// Implementations for InstructionVisitor.
public void visitSimpleInstruction(Clazz clazz, Method method, CodeAttribute codeAttribute, int offset, SimpleInstruction simpleInstruction)
{
// Mark the instruction.
instructionMarks[offset] |= INSTRUCTION;
// Check if this is an instruction of a subroutine.
checkSubroutine(offset);
byte opcode = simpleInstruction.opcode;
if (opcode == Instruction.OP_IRETURN ||
opcode == Instruction.OP_LRETURN ||
opcode == Instruction.OP_FRETURN ||
opcode == Instruction.OP_DRETURN ||
opcode == Instruction.OP_ARETURN ||
opcode == Instruction.OP_RETURN ||
opcode == Instruction.OP_ATHROW)
{
// Mark the branch origin.
markBranchOrigin(offset);
// Mark the next instruction.
markAfterBranchOrigin(offset + simpleInstruction.length(offset));
}
}
public void visitConstantInstruction(Clazz clazz, Method method, CodeAttribute codeAttribute, int offset, ConstantInstruction constantInstruction)
{
// Mark the instruction.
instructionMarks[offset] |= INSTRUCTION;
// Check if this is an instruction of a subroutine.
checkSubroutine(offset);
byte opcode = constantInstruction.opcode;
if (opcode == Instruction.OP_NEW)
{
// Mark the creation.
instructionMarks[offset] |= CREATION;
}
else if (opcode == Instruction.OP_INVOKESPECIAL)
{
// Is it calling an instance initializer?
isInitializer = false;
clazz.constantPoolEntryAccept(constantInstruction.constantIndex, this);
if (isInitializer)
{
// Mark the initializer.
instructionMarks[offset] |= INITIALIZER;
}
}
}
public void visitVariableInstruction(Clazz clazz, Method method, CodeAttribute codeAttribute, int offset, VariableInstruction variableInstruction)
{
// Mark the instruction.
instructionMarks[offset] |= INSTRUCTION;
// Check if this is an instruction of a subroutine.
checkSubroutine(offset);
if (variableInstruction.opcode == Instruction.OP_RET)
{
// Mark the method.
containsSubroutines = true;
// Mark the branch origin.
markBranchOrigin(offset);
// Mark the subroutine return at its return instruction.
instructionMarks[offset] |= SUBROUTINE_RETURNING;
// Mark the next instruction.
markAfterBranchOrigin(offset + variableInstruction.length(offset));
}
}
public void visitBranchInstruction(Clazz clazz, Method method, CodeAttribute codeAttribute, int offset, BranchInstruction branchInstruction)
{
int branchOffset = branchInstruction.branchOffset;
int targetOffset = offset + branchOffset;
// Mark the branch origin.
markBranchOrigin(offset);
// Check if this is an instruction of a subroutine.
checkSubroutine(offset);
// Mark the branch target.
markBranchTarget(offset, branchOffset);
byte opcode = branchInstruction.opcode;
if (opcode == Instruction.OP_JSR ||
opcode == Instruction.OP_JSR_W)
{
// Mark the method.
containsSubroutines = true;
// Mark the subroutine invocation.
instructionMarks[offset] |= SUBROUTINE_INVOCATION;
// Mark the new subroutine start.
markBranchSubroutineStart(offset, branchOffset, targetOffset);
}
else if (currentSubroutineStart != UNKNOWN)
{
// Mark the continued subroutine start.
markBranchSubroutineStart(offset, branchOffset, currentSubroutineStart);
}
if (opcode == Instruction.OP_GOTO ||
opcode == Instruction.OP_GOTO_W)
{
// Mark the next instruction.
markAfterBranchOrigin(offset + branchInstruction.length(offset));
}
}
public void visitAnySwitchInstruction(Clazz clazz, Method method, CodeAttribute codeAttribute, int offset, SwitchInstruction switchInstruction)
{
// Mark the branch origin.
markBranchOrigin(offset);
// Check if this is an instruction of a subroutine.
checkSubroutine(offset);
// Mark the branch targets of the default jump offset.
markBranch(offset, switchInstruction.defaultOffset);
// Mark the branch targets of the jump offsets.
markBranches(offset, switchInstruction.jumpOffsets);
// Mark the next instruction.
markAfterBranchOrigin(offset + switchInstruction.length(offset));
}
// Implementations for ConstantVisitor.
public void visitAnyConstant(Clazz clazz, Constant constant) {}
public void visitMethodrefConstant(Clazz clazz, MethodrefConstant methodrefConstant)
{
// Remember whether the method is an initializer.
isInitializer = methodrefConstant.getName(clazz).equals(ClassConstants.METHOD_NAME_INIT);
}
// Implementations for ExceptionInfoVisitor.
public void visitExceptionInfo(Clazz clazz, Method method, CodeAttribute codeAttribute, ExceptionInfo exceptionInfo)
{
int startPC = exceptionInfo.u2startPC;
int endPC = exceptionInfo.u2endPC;
int handlerPC = exceptionInfo.u2handlerPC;
// Mark the exception offsets.
instructionMarks[startPC] |= EXCEPTION_START;
instructionMarks[endPC] |= EXCEPTION_END;
instructionMarks[handlerPC] |= EXCEPTION_HANDLER;
// Mark the handler as part of a subroutine if necessary.
if (subroutineStarts[handlerPC] == UNKNOWN &&
subroutineStarts[startPC] != UNKNOWN)
{
subroutineStarts[handlerPC] = subroutineStarts[startPC];
// We'll have to go over all instructions again.
repeat = true;
}
}
// Small utility methods.
/**
* Marks the branch targets and their subroutine starts at the given
* offsets.
*/
private void markBranches(int offset, int[] jumpOffsets)
{
for (int index = 0; index < jumpOffsets.length; index++)
{
markBranch(offset, jumpOffsets[index]);
}
}
/**
* Marks the branch target and its subroutine start at the given offset.
*/
private void markBranch(int offset, int jumpOffset)
{
markBranchTarget(offset, jumpOffset);
if (currentSubroutineStart != UNKNOWN)
{
markBranchSubroutineStart(offset, jumpOffset, currentSubroutineStart);
}
}
/**
* Marks the branch origin at the given offset.
*/
private void markBranchOrigin(int offset)
{
instructionMarks[offset] |= INSTRUCTION | BRANCH_ORIGIN;
}
/**
* Marks the branch target at the given offset.
*/
private void markBranchTarget(int offset, int jumpOffset)
{
int targetOffset = offset + jumpOffset;
instructionMarks[targetOffset] |= BRANCH_TARGET;
}
/**
* Marks the subroutine start at the given offset, if applicable.
*/
private void markBranchSubroutineStart(int offset,
int jumpOffset,
int subroutineStart)
{
int targetOffset = offset + jumpOffset;
// Are we marking a subroutine and branching to an offset that hasn't
// been marked yet?
if (subroutineStarts[targetOffset] == UNKNOWN)
{
// Is it a backward branch?
if (jumpOffset < 0)
{
// Remember the smallest subroutine start.
if (subroutineStart > targetOffset)
{
subroutineStart = targetOffset;
}
// We'll have to go over all instructions again.
repeat = true;
}
// Mark the subroutine start of the target.
subroutineStarts[targetOffset] = subroutineStart;
}
}
/**
* Marks the instruction at the given offset, after a branch.
*/
private void markAfterBranchOrigin(int nextOffset)
{
instructionMarks[nextOffset] |= AFTER_BRANCH;
// Stop marking a subroutine.
currentSubroutineStart = UNKNOWN;
}
/**
* Checks if the specified instruction is inside a subroutine.
*/
private void checkSubroutine(int offset)
{
// Are we inside a previously marked subroutine?
if (subroutineStarts[offset] != UNKNOWN)
{
// Start marking a subroutine.
currentSubroutineStart = subroutineStarts[offset];
}
// Are we marking a subroutine?
else if (currentSubroutineStart != UNKNOWN)
{
// Mark the subroutine start.
subroutineStarts[offset] = currentSubroutineStart;
}
}
}
