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The Apache Commons Codec package contains simple encoder and decoders for various formats such as Base64 and Hexadecimal. In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities.
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/*
 *  ====================================================================
 *    Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 *    contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 *    this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 *    The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 *    (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 *    the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *        http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *    WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *    limitations under the License.
 * ====================================================================
 */

package org.apache.poi.ss.formula.functions;

import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.OperationEvaluationContext;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.eval.AreaEval;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.eval.ErrorEval;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.eval.EvaluationException;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.eval.NumberEval;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.eval.RefEval;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.eval.ValueEval;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.functions.CountUtils.I_MatchPredicate;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.functions.Countif.ErrorMatcher;

/**
 * Base class for SUMIFS() and COUNTIFS() functions, as they share much of the same logic, 
 * the difference being the source of the totals.
 */
/*package*/ abstract class Baseifs implements FreeRefFunction {

    /**
     * Implementations must be stateless.
     * @return true if there should be a range argument before the criteria pairs
     */
    protected abstract boolean hasInitialRange();
        
    public ValueEval evaluate(ValueEval[] args, OperationEvaluationContext ec) {
        final boolean hasInitialRange = hasInitialRange();
        final int firstCriteria = hasInitialRange ? 1 : 0;
        
        if( args.length < (2+firstCriteria) || args.length % 2 != firstCriteria ) {
            return ErrorEval.VALUE_INVALID;
        }

        try {
            AreaEval sumRange = null;
            if (hasInitialRange) {
                sumRange = convertRangeArg(args[0]);
            }
            
            // collect pairs of ranges and criteria
            AreaEval[] ae = new AreaEval[(args.length - firstCriteria)/2];
            I_MatchPredicate[] mp = new I_MatchPredicate[ae.length];
            for(int i = firstCriteria, k=0; i < args.length; i += 2, k++){
                ae[k] = convertRangeArg(args[i]);
                
                mp[k] = Countif.createCriteriaPredicate(args[i+1], ec.getRowIndex(), ec.getColumnIndex());
            }

            validateCriteriaRanges(sumRange, ae);
            validateCriteria(mp);

            double result = aggregateMatchingCells(sumRange, ae, mp);
            return new NumberEval(result);
        } catch (EvaluationException e) {
            return e.getErrorEval();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Verify that each criteriaRanges argument contains the same number of rows and columns
     * including the sumRange argument if present
     * @param sumRange if used, it must match the shape of the criteriaRanges
     * @param criteriaRanges to check
     * @throws EvaluationException if the ranges do not match.
     */
    private static void validateCriteriaRanges(AreaEval sumRange, AreaEval[] criteriaRanges) throws EvaluationException {
        int h = criteriaRanges[0].getHeight();
        int w = criteriaRanges[0].getWidth();
        
        if (sumRange != null 
                && (sumRange.getHeight() != h 
                    || sumRange.getWidth() != w) ) {
            throw EvaluationException.invalidValue();
        }
        
        for(AreaEval r : criteriaRanges){
            if(r.getHeight() != h ||
               r.getWidth() != w ) {
                throw EvaluationException.invalidValue();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Verify that each criteria predicate is valid, i.e. not an error
     * @param criteria to check
     *
     * @throws EvaluationException if there are criteria which resulted in Errors.
     */
    private static void validateCriteria(I_MatchPredicate[] criteria) throws EvaluationException {
        for(I_MatchPredicate predicate : criteria) {
            
            // check for errors in predicate and return immediately using this error code
            if(predicate instanceof ErrorMatcher) {
                throw new EvaluationException(ErrorEval.valueOf(((ErrorMatcher)predicate).getValue()));
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * @param sumRange  the range to sum, if used (uses 1 for each match if not present)
     * @param ranges  criteria ranges
     * @param predicates  array of predicates, a predicate for each value in ranges
     * @return the computed value
     */
    private static double aggregateMatchingCells(AreaEval sumRange, AreaEval[] ranges, I_MatchPredicate[] predicates) {
        int height = ranges[0].getHeight();
        int width = ranges[0].getWidth();

        double result = 0.0;
        for (int r = 0; r < height; r++) {
            for (int c = 0; c < width; c++) {

                boolean matches = true;
                for(int i = 0; i < ranges.length; i++){
                    AreaEval aeRange = ranges[i];
                    I_MatchPredicate mp = predicates[i];

                    // Bugs 60858 and 56420 show predicate can be null
                    if (mp == null || !mp.matches(aeRange.getRelativeValue(r, c))) {
                        matches = false;
                        break;
                    }

                }

                if(matches) { // sum only if all of the corresponding criteria specified are true for that cell.
                    result += accumulate(sumRange, r, c);
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * For counts, this would return 1, for sums it returns a cell value or zero.
     * This is only called after all the criteria are confirmed true for the coordinates.
     * @param sumRange if used
     * @param relRowIndex
     * @param relColIndex
     * @return the aggregate input value corresponding to the given range coordinates
     */
    private static double accumulate(AreaEval sumRange, int relRowIndex, int relColIndex) {
        if (sumRange == null) return 1.0; // count
        
        ValueEval addend = sumRange.getRelativeValue(relRowIndex, relColIndex);
        if (addend instanceof NumberEval) {
            return ((NumberEval)addend).getNumberValue();
        }
        // everything else (including string and boolean values) counts as zero
        return 0.0;

    }

    protected static AreaEval convertRangeArg(ValueEval eval) throws EvaluationException {
        if (eval instanceof AreaEval) {
            return (AreaEval) eval;
        }
        if (eval instanceof RefEval) {
            return ((RefEval)eval).offset(0, 0, 0, 0);
        }
        throw new EvaluationException(ErrorEval.VALUE_INVALID);
    }

}