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The Apache Commons Codec package contains simple encoder and decoders for various formats such as Base64 and Hexadecimal. In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities.
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/* ====================================================================
   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
==================================================================== */

package org.apache.poi.ss.formula.eval;

import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.functions.ArrayFunction;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.functions.Fixed2ArgFunction;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.functions.Function;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.functions.MatrixFunction.MutableValueCollector;
import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.functions.MatrixFunction.TwoArrayArg;

/**
 * @author Josh Micich
 */
public abstract class TwoOperandNumericOperation extends Fixed2ArgFunction implements ArrayFunction {

	protected final double singleOperandEvaluate(ValueEval arg, int srcCellRow, int srcCellCol) throws EvaluationException {
		ValueEval ve = OperandResolver.getSingleValue(arg, srcCellRow, srcCellCol);
		return OperandResolver.coerceValueToDouble(ve);
	}
	
	public ValueEval evaluateArray(ValueEval[] args, int srcRowIndex, int srcColumnIndex) {
	    if (args.length != 2) {
	        return ErrorEval.VALUE_INVALID;
	    }
	    //return new ArrayEval().evaluate(srcRowIndex, srcColumnIndex, args[0], args[1]);

		return evaluateTwoArrayArgs(args[0], args[1], srcRowIndex, srcColumnIndex,
				(vA, vB) -> {
					try {
						double d0 = OperandResolver.coerceValueToDouble(vA);
						double d1 = OperandResolver.coerceValueToDouble(vB);
						double result = evaluate(d0, d1);
						return new NumberEval(result);
					} catch (EvaluationException e){
						return e.getErrorEval();
					}
				});

	}
	
	public ValueEval evaluate(int srcRowIndex, int srcColumnIndex, ValueEval arg0, ValueEval arg1) {
		double result;
		try {
			double d0 = singleOperandEvaluate(arg0, srcRowIndex, srcColumnIndex);
			double d1 = singleOperandEvaluate(arg1, srcRowIndex, srcColumnIndex);
			result = evaluate(d0, d1);
			if (result == 0.0) { // this '==' matches +0.0 and -0.0
				// Excel converts -0.0 to +0.0 for '*', '/', '%', '+' and '^'
				if (!(this instanceof SubtractEvalClass)) {
					return NumberEval.ZERO;
				}
			}
			if (Double.isNaN(result) || Double.isInfinite(result)) {
				return ErrorEval.NUM_ERROR;
			}
		} catch (EvaluationException e) {
			return e.getErrorEval();
		}
		return new NumberEval(result);
	}

	protected abstract double evaluate(double d0, double d1) throws EvaluationException;

	private final class ArrayEval extends TwoArrayArg {
	    private final MutableValueCollector instance = new MutableValueCollector(true, true);
        
        protected double[] collectValues(ValueEval arg) throws EvaluationException {
            return instance.collectValues(arg);
        }
	    
	    protected double[][] evaluate(double[][] d1, double[][] d2) throws IllegalArgumentException, EvaluationException {
	        int width = (d1[0].length < d2[0].length) ? d1[0].length : d2[0].length;
	        int height = (d1.length < d2.length) ? d1.length : d2.length;

            double[][] result = new double[height][width];
	        
	        for (int j = 0; j < height; j++) {
	            for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
	                result[j][i] = TwoOperandNumericOperation.this.evaluate(d1[j][i], d2[j][i]);
	            }
	        }
	        
	        return result;
	    }
	}
	
	public static final Function AddEval = new TwoOperandNumericOperation() {
		protected double evaluate(double d0, double d1) {
			return d0+d1;
		}
	};
	public static final Function DivideEval = new TwoOperandNumericOperation() {
		protected double evaluate(double d0, double d1) throws EvaluationException {
			if (d1 == 0.0) {
				throw new EvaluationException(ErrorEval.DIV_ZERO);
			}
			return d0/d1;
		}
	};
	public static final Function MultiplyEval = new TwoOperandNumericOperation() {
		protected double evaluate(double d0, double d1) {
			return d0*d1;
		}
	};
	public static final Function PowerEval = new TwoOperandNumericOperation() {
		protected double evaluate(double d0, double d1) {
			if(d0 < 0 && Math.abs(d1) > 0.0 && Math.abs(d1) < 1.0) {
				return -1 * Math.pow(d0 * -1, d1);
			}
			return Math.pow(d0, d1);
		}
	};
	private static final class SubtractEvalClass extends TwoOperandNumericOperation {
		public SubtractEvalClass() {
			//
		}
		protected double evaluate(double d0, double d1) {
			return d0-d1;
		}
	}
	public static final Function SubtractEval = new SubtractEvalClass();
}