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The Apache Commons Codec package contains simple encoder and decoders for various formats such as Base64 and Hexadecimal. In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities.
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/* ====================================================================
   Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
   contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
   this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
   The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
   (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
   the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
   limitations under the License.
==================================================================== */

package org.apache.poi.ss.formula.functions;

import org.apache.poi.ss.formula.eval.*;

/**
 * Implementation of the various ISxxx Logical Functions, which
 *  take a single expression argument, and return True or False.
 */
public abstract class LogicalFunction extends Fixed1ArgFunction implements ArrayFunction{

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    public ValueEval evaluate(int srcRowIndex, int srcColumnIndex, ValueEval arg0) {
        ValueEval ve;
        try {
            ve = OperandResolver.getSingleValue(arg0, srcRowIndex, srcColumnIndex);
        } catch (EvaluationException e) {
            // Note - it is more usual to propagate error codes straight to the result like this:
            // but logical functions behave a little differently
            // return e.getErrorEval();

            // this will usually cause a 'FALSE' result except for ISNONTEXT()
            ve = e.getErrorEval();
        }
        return BoolEval.valueOf(evaluate(ve));

    }

    @Override
    public ValueEval evaluateArray(ValueEval[] args, int srcRowIndex, int srcColumnIndex){
        if (args.length != 1) {
            return ErrorEval.VALUE_INVALID;
        }
        return evaluateOneArrayArg(args[0], srcRowIndex, srcColumnIndex, (valA) ->
                BoolEval.valueOf(evaluate(valA))
        );
    }

    /**
     * @param arg any {@link ValueEval}, potentially {@link BlankEval} or {@link ErrorEval}.
     */
    protected abstract boolean evaluate(ValueEval arg);

    public static final Function ISLOGICAL = new LogicalFunction() {
        @Override
        protected boolean evaluate(ValueEval arg) {
            return arg instanceof BoolEval;
        }
    };
    public static final Function ISNONTEXT = new LogicalFunction() {
        @Override
        protected boolean evaluate(ValueEval arg) {
            return !(arg instanceof StringEval);
        }
    };
    public static final Function ISNUMBER = new LogicalFunction() {
        @Override
        protected boolean evaluate(ValueEval arg) {
            return arg instanceof NumberEval;
        }
    };
    public static final Function ISTEXT = new LogicalFunction() {
        @Override
        protected boolean evaluate(ValueEval arg) {
            return arg instanceof StringEval;
        }
    };

    public static final Function ISBLANK = new LogicalFunction() {

        @Override
        protected boolean evaluate(ValueEval arg) {
            return arg instanceof BlankEval;
        }
    };

    public static final Function ISERROR = new LogicalFunction() {

        @Override
        protected boolean evaluate(ValueEval arg) {
            return arg instanceof ErrorEval;
        }
    };

    /**
     * Implementation of Excel {@code ISERR()} function.
     *
     * Syntax:

     * ISERR(value)

     *
     * value  The value to be tested

     *
     * Returns the logical value {@code TRUE} if value refers to any error value except
     * {@code '#N/A'}; otherwise, it returns {@code FALSE}.
     */
    public static final Function ISERR = new LogicalFunction() {
        @Override
        protected boolean evaluate(ValueEval arg) {
            if (arg instanceof ErrorEval) {
                return arg != ErrorEval.NA;
            }
            return false;
        }
    };

    /**
     * Implementation for Excel ISNA() function.

     *
     * Syntax:

     * ISNA(value)
     *
     * value  The value to be tested

     * 

     * Returns {@code TRUE} if the specified value is '#N/A', {@code FALSE} otherwise.
     */
    public static final Function ISNA = new LogicalFunction() {

        @Override
        protected boolean evaluate(ValueEval arg) {
            return arg == ErrorEval.NA;
        }
    };

    public static final Function ISREF = new Fixed1ArgFunction() {

        @Override
        public ValueEval evaluate(int srcRowIndex, int srcColumnIndex, ValueEval arg0) {
            if (arg0 instanceof RefEval || arg0 instanceof AreaEval || arg0 instanceof RefListEval) {
                return BoolEval.TRUE;
            }
            return BoolEval.FALSE;
        }
    };
}