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The Apache Commons Codec package contains simple encoder and decoders for various formats such as Base64 and Hexadecimal. In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities.

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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.codec.language;

/**
 * Encodes a string into a Caverphone 1.0 value.
 *
 * This is an algorithm created by the Caversham Project at the University of Otago. It implements the Caverphone 1.0
 * algorithm:
 *
 * @see Wikipedia - Caverphone
 * @see Caverphone 1.0 specification
 * @since 1.5
 *
 * This class is immutable and thread-safe.
 */
public class Caverphone1 extends AbstractCaverphone {

    private static final String SIX_1 = "111111";

    /**
     * Encodes the given String into a Caverphone value.
     *
     * @param source
     *            String the source string
     * @return A caverphone code for the given String
     */
    @Override
    public String encode(final String source) {
        String txt = source;
        if (txt == null || txt.length() == 0) {
            return SIX_1;
        }

        // 1. Convert to lowercase
        txt = txt.toLowerCase(java.util.Locale.ENGLISH);

        // 2. Remove anything not A-Z
        txt = txt.replaceAll("[^a-z]", "");

        // 3. Handle various start options
        // 2 is a temporary placeholder to indicate a consonant which we are no longer interested in.
        txt = txt.replaceAll("^cough", "cou2f");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("^rough", "rou2f");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("^tough", "tou2f");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("^enough", "enou2f");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("^gn", "2n");

        // End
        txt = txt.replaceAll("mb$", "m2");

        // 4. Handle replacements
        txt = txt.replaceAll("cq", "2q");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("ci", "si");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("ce", "se");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("cy", "sy");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("tch", "2ch");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("c", "k");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("q", "k");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("x", "k");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("v", "f");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("dg", "2g");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("tio", "sio");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("tia", "sia");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("d", "t");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("ph", "fh");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("b", "p");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("sh", "s2");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("z", "s");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("^[aeiou]", "A");
        // 3 is a temporary placeholder marking a vowel
        txt = txt.replaceAll("[aeiou]", "3");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("3gh3", "3kh3");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("gh", "22");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("g", "k");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("s+", "S");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("t+", "T");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("p+", "P");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("k+", "K");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("f+", "F");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("m+", "M");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("n+", "N");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("w3", "W3");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("wy", "Wy"); // 1.0 only
        txt = txt.replaceAll("wh3", "Wh3");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("why", "Why"); // 1.0 only
        txt = txt.replaceAll("w", "2");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("^h", "A");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("h", "2");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("r3", "R3");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("ry", "Ry"); // 1.0 only
        txt = txt.replaceAll("r", "2");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("l3", "L3");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("ly", "Ly"); // 1.0 only
        txt = txt.replaceAll("l", "2");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("j", "y"); // 1.0 only
        txt = txt.replaceAll("y3", "Y3"); // 1.0 only
        txt = txt.replaceAll("y", "2"); // 1.0 only

        // 5. Handle removals
        txt = txt.replaceAll("2", "");
        txt = txt.replaceAll("3", "");

        // 6. put six 1s on the end
        txt = txt + SIX_1;

        // 7. take the first six characters as the code
        return txt.substring(0, SIX_1.length());
    }

}