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The Apache Commons Math project is a library of lightweight, self-contained mathematics and statistics components addressing the most common practical problems not immediately available in the Java programming language or commons-lang.
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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.commons.math3.stat.descriptive.moment;

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NullArgumentException;
import org.apache.commons.math3.stat.descriptive.AbstractStorelessUnivariateStatistic;
import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;

/**
 * Computes the first moment (arithmetic mean).  Uses the definitional formula:
 * 
 * mean = sum(x_i) / n 
 * 
 * where n is the number of observations. 
 * 
 * To limit numeric errors, the value of the statistic is computed using the
 * following recursive updating algorithm: 
 * 
 * 

 * Initialize m =  the first value
 * For each additional value, update using 

 *   m = m + (new value - m) / (number of observations)
 * 

 * 
 *  Returns Double.NaN if the dataset is empty. Note that
 *  Double.NaN may also be returned if the input includes NaN and / or infinite
 *  values.
 * 
 * Note that this implementation is not synchronized. If
 * multiple threads access an instance of this class concurrently, and at least
 * one of the threads invokes the increment() or
 * clear() method, it must be synchronized externally.
 *
 */
class FirstMoment extends AbstractStorelessUnivariateStatistic
    implements Serializable {

    /** Serializable version identifier */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6112755307178490473L;


    /** Count of values that have been added */
    protected long n;

    /** First moment of values that have been added */
    protected double m1;

    /**
     * Deviation of most recently added value from previous first moment.
     * Retained to prevent repeated computation in higher order moments.
     */
    protected double dev;

    /**
     * Deviation of most recently added value from previous first moment,
     * normalized by previous sample size.  Retained to prevent repeated
     * computation in higher order moments
     */
    protected double nDev;

    /**
     * Create a FirstMoment instance
     */
    FirstMoment() {
        n = 0;
        m1 = Double.NaN;
        dev = Double.NaN;
        nDev = Double.NaN;
    }

    /**
     * Copy constructor, creates a new {@code FirstMoment} identical
     * to the {@code original}
     *
     * @param original the {@code FirstMoment} instance to copy
     * @throws NullArgumentException if original is null
     */
     FirstMoment(FirstMoment original) throws NullArgumentException {
         super();
         copy(original, this);
     }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
     @Override
    public void increment(final double d) {
        if (n == 0) {
            m1 = 0.0;
        }
        n++;
        double n0 = n;
        dev = d - m1;
        nDev = dev / n0;
        m1 += nDev;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public void clear() {
        m1 = Double.NaN;
        n = 0;
        dev = Double.NaN;
        nDev = Double.NaN;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public double getResult() {
        return m1;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public long getN() {
        return n;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    @Override
    public FirstMoment copy() {
        FirstMoment result = new FirstMoment();
        // No try-catch or advertised exception because args are guaranteed non-null
        copy(this, result);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Copies source to dest.
     * Neither source nor dest can be null.
     *
     * @param source FirstMoment to copy
     * @param dest FirstMoment to copy to
     * @throws NullArgumentException if either source or dest is null
     */
    public static void copy(FirstMoment source, FirstMoment dest)
        throws NullArgumentException {
        MathUtils.checkNotNull(source);
        MathUtils.checkNotNull(dest);
        dest.setData(source.getDataRef());
        dest.n = source.n;
        dest.m1 = source.m1;
        dest.dev = source.dev;
        dest.nDev = source.nDev;
    }
}