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The Apache Commons Codec package contains simple encoder and decoders for various formats such as Base64 and Hexadecimal. In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities.

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/*   Copyright 2004 The Apache Software Foundation
 *
 *   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 *   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 *   You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 *   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 *   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 *   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 *   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 *  limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.common;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;

public class IOUtil
{
    public static void copyCompletely(InputStream input, OutputStream output)
        throws IOException
    {
        //if both are file streams, use channel IO
        if ((output instanceof FileOutputStream) && (input instanceof FileInputStream))
        {
            try
            {
                FileChannel target = ((FileOutputStream) output).getChannel();
                FileChannel source = ((FileInputStream) input).getChannel();
                
                source.transferTo(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, target);
                
                source.close();
                target.close();
                
                return;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            { /* failover to byte stream version */ }
        }
        
        byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
        while (true)
        {
            int length = input.read(buf);
            if (length < 0)
                break;
            output.write(buf, 0, length);
        }
        
        try { input.close(); } catch (IOException ignore) {}
        try { output.close(); } catch (IOException ignore) {}
    }

    public static void copyCompletely(Reader input, Writer output)
        throws IOException
    {
        char[] buf = new char[8192];
        while (true)
        {
            int length = input.read(buf);
            if (length < 0)
                break;
            output.write(buf, 0, length);
        }

        try { input.close(); } catch (IOException ignore) {}
        try { output.close(); } catch (IOException ignore) {}
    }

    public static void copyCompletely(URI input, URI output)
        throws IOException
    {
        try
        {
            InputStream in = null;
            try
            {
                File f = new File(input);
                if (f.exists())
                    in = new FileInputStream(f);
            }
            catch (Exception notAFile)
            {}
            
            File out = new File(output);
            File dir = out.getParentFile();
            dir.mkdirs();
            
            if (in == null)
                in = input.toURL().openStream();
                
            IOUtil.copyCompletely(in, new FileOutputStream(out));
        }
        catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
        {
            throw new IOException("Cannot copy to " + output);
        }
    }

    public static File createDir(File rootdir, String subdir)
    {
        File newdir = (subdir == null) ? rootdir : new File(rootdir, subdir);
        boolean created = (newdir.exists() && newdir.isDirectory()) || newdir.mkdirs();
        assert(created) : "Could not create " + newdir.getAbsolutePath();
        return newdir;
    }
}