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/*
* JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source.
* Copyright 2014 Red Hat, Inc., and individual contributors
* as indicated by the @author tags.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package io.undertow.util;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import io.undertow.UndertowMessages;
import io.undertow.server.HttpServerExchange;
/**
* Utilities for dealing with URLs
*
* @author Stuart Douglas
* @author Andre Schaefer
*/
public class URLUtils {
private static final char PATH_SEPARATOR = '/';
private static final QueryStringParser QUERY_STRING_PARSER = new QueryStringParser('&', false) {
@Override
void handle(HttpServerExchange exchange, String key, String value) {
exchange.addQueryParam(key, value);
}
};
private static final QueryStringParser PATH_PARAM_PARSER = new QueryStringParser(';', true) {
@Override
void handle(HttpServerExchange exchange, String key, String value) {
exchange.addPathParam(key, value);
}
};
// RFC-3986 (URI Generic Syntax) states:
// URI = scheme ":" hier-part [ "?" query ] [ "#" fragment ]
// scheme = ALPHA *( ALPHA / DIGIT / "+" / "-" / "." )
// "The scheme and path components are required, though the path may be empty (no characters)."
private static final Pattern SCHEME_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("^[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+-.]*:.*");
private URLUtils() {
}
public static void parseQueryString(final String string, final HttpServerExchange exchange, final String charset, final boolean doDecode, int maxParameters) throws ParameterLimitException {
QUERY_STRING_PARSER.parse(string, exchange, charset, doDecode, maxParameters);
}
@Deprecated
public static void parsePathParms(final String string, final HttpServerExchange exchange, final String charset, final boolean doDecode, int maxParameters) throws ParameterLimitException {
parsePathParams(string, exchange, charset, doDecode, maxParameters);
}
public static int parsePathParams(final String string, final HttpServerExchange exchange, final String charset, final boolean doDecode, int maxParameters) throws ParameterLimitException {
return PATH_PARAM_PARSER.parse(string, exchange, charset, doDecode, maxParameters);
}
/**
* Decodes a URL. If the decoding fails for any reason then an IllegalArgumentException will be thrown.
*
* @param s The string to decode
* @param enc The encoding
* @param decodeSlash If slash characters should be decoded
* @param buffer The string builder to use as a buffer.
* @return The decoded URL
*/
public static String decode(String s, String enc, boolean decodeSlash, StringBuilder buffer) {
return decode(s, enc, decodeSlash, true, buffer);
}
/**
* Decodes a URL. If the decoding fails for any reason then an IllegalArgumentException will be thrown.
*
* @param s The string to decode
* @param enc The encoding
* @param decodeSlash If slash characters should be decoded
* @param buffer The string builder to use as a buffer.
* @return The decoded URL
*/
public static String decode(String s, String enc, boolean decodeSlash, boolean formEncoding, StringBuilder buffer) {
buffer.setLength(0);
boolean needToChange = false;
int numChars = s.length();
int i = 0;
while (i < numChars) {
char c = s.charAt(i);
if (c == '+') {
if (formEncoding) {
buffer.append(' ');
i++;
needToChange = true;
} else {
i++;
buffer.append(c);
}
} else if (c == '%' || c > 127) {
/*
* Starting with this instance of a character
* that needs to be encoded, process all
* consecutive substrings of the form %xy. Each
* substring %xy will yield a byte. Convert all
* consecutive bytes obtained this way to whatever
* character(s) they represent in the provided
* encoding.
*
* Note that we need to decode the whole rest of the value, we can't just decode
* three characters. For multi code point characters there if the code point can be
* represented as an alphanumeric
*/
try {
// guess the size of the remaining bytes
// of remaining bytes
// this works for percent encoded characters,
// not so much for unencoded bytes
byte[] bytes = new byte[numChars - i + 1];
int pos = 0;
while ((i < numChars)) {
if (c == '%') {
// we need 2 more characters to decode the % construct
if ((i + 2) >= s.length()) {
throw UndertowMessages.MESSAGES.failedToDecodeURL(s, enc, null);
}
char p1 = Character.toLowerCase(s.charAt(i + 1));
char p2 = Character.toLowerCase(s.charAt(i + 2));
if (!decodeSlash && ((p1 == '2' && p2 == 'f') || (p1 == '5' && p2 == 'c'))) {
if(pos + 2 >= bytes.length) {
bytes = expandBytes(bytes);
}
bytes[pos++] = (byte) c;
// should be copied with preserved upper/lower case
bytes[pos++] = (byte) s.charAt(i + 1);
bytes[pos++] = (byte) s.charAt(i + 2);
i += 3;
if (i < numChars) {
c = s.charAt(i);
}
continue;
}
int v = 0;
if (p1 >= '0' && p1 <= '9') {
v = (p1 - '0') << 4;
} else if (p1 >= 'a' && p1 <= 'f') {
v = (p1 - 'a' + 10) << 4;
} else {
throw UndertowMessages.MESSAGES.failedToDecodeURL(s, enc, null);
}
if (p2 >= '0' && p2 <= '9') {
v += (p2 - '0');
} else if (p2 >= 'a' && p2 <= 'f') {
v += (p2 - 'a' + 10);
} else {
throw UndertowMessages.MESSAGES.failedToDecodeURL(s, enc, null);
}
if (v < 0) {
throw UndertowMessages.MESSAGES.failedToDecodeURL(s, enc, null);
}
if(pos == bytes.length) {
bytes = expandBytes(bytes);
}
bytes[pos++] = (byte) v;
i += 3;
if (i < numChars) {
c = s.charAt(i);
}
} else if (c == '+' && formEncoding) {
if(pos == bytes.length) {
bytes = expandBytes(bytes);
}
bytes[pos++] = (byte) ' ';
++i;
if (i < numChars) {
c = s.charAt(i);
}
} else {
if (pos == bytes.length) {
bytes = expandBytes(bytes);
}
++i;
if(c >> 8 != 0) {
bytes[pos++] = (byte) (c >> 8);
if (pos == bytes.length) {
bytes = expandBytes(bytes);
}
bytes[pos++] = (byte) c;
} else {
bytes[pos++] = (byte) c;
if (i < numChars) {
c = s.charAt(i);
}
}
}
}
String decoded = new String(bytes, 0, pos, enc);
buffer.append(decoded);
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
throw UndertowMessages.MESSAGES.failedToDecodeURL(s, enc, e);
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw UndertowMessages.MESSAGES.failedToDecodeURL(s, enc, e);
}
needToChange = true;
break;
} else {
buffer.append(c);
i++;
}
}
return (needToChange ? buffer.toString() : s);
}
private static byte[] expandBytes(byte[] bytes) {
byte[] newBytes = new byte[bytes.length + 10];
System.arraycopy(bytes, 0, newBytes, 0, bytes.length);
return newBytes;
}
private abstract static class QueryStringParser {
private final char separator;
private final boolean parseUntilSeparator;
QueryStringParser(final char separator, final boolean parseUntilSeparator) {
this.separator = separator;
this.parseUntilSeparator = parseUntilSeparator;
}
int parse(final String string, final HttpServerExchange exchange, final String charset, final boolean doDecode, int max) throws ParameterLimitException {
int count = 0;
int i = 0;
try {
int stringStart = 0;
String attrName = null;
for (i = 0; i < string.length(); ++i) {
char c = string.charAt(i);
if (c == '=' && attrName == null) {
attrName = string.substring(stringStart, i);
stringStart = i + 1;
} else if (c == separator) {
if (attrName != null) {
handle(exchange, decode(charset, attrName, doDecode), decode(charset, string.substring(stringStart, i), doDecode));
if(++count > max) {
throw UndertowMessages.MESSAGES.tooManyParameters(max);
}
} else {
handle(exchange, decode(charset, string.substring(stringStart, i), doDecode), "");
if(++count > max) {
throw UndertowMessages.MESSAGES.tooManyParameters(max);
}
}
stringStart = i + 1;
attrName = null;
} else if (parseUntilSeparator && (c == '?' || c == '/')) {
break;
}
}
if (attrName != null) {
handle(exchange, decode(charset, attrName, doDecode), decode(charset, string.substring(stringStart, i), doDecode));
if(++count > max) {
throw UndertowMessages.MESSAGES.tooManyParameters(max);
}
} else if (string.length() != stringStart) {
handle(exchange, decode(charset, string.substring(stringStart, i), doDecode), "");
if(++count > max) {
throw UndertowMessages.MESSAGES.tooManyParameters(max);
}
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return i;
}
private String decode(String charset, String attrName, final boolean doDecode) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
if (doDecode) {
return URLUtils.decode(attrName, charset, true, true, new StringBuilder());
}
return attrName;
}
abstract void handle(final HttpServerExchange exchange, final String key, final String value);
}
/**
* Adds a '/' prefix to the beginning of a path if one isn't present
* and removes trailing slashes if any are present.
*
* @param path the path to normalize
* @return a normalized (with respect to slashes) result
*/
public static String normalizeSlashes(final String path) {
// prepare
final StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(path);
boolean modified = false;
// remove all trailing '/'s except the first one
while (builder.length() > 0 && builder.length() != 1 && PATH_SEPARATOR == builder.charAt(builder.length() - 1)) {
builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length() - 1);
modified = true;
}
// add a slash at the beginning if one isn't present
if (builder.length() == 0 || PATH_SEPARATOR != builder.charAt(0)) {
builder.insert(0, PATH_SEPARATOR);
modified = true;
}
// only create string when it was modified
if (modified) {
return builder.toString();
}
return path;
}
/**
* Test if provided location is an absolute URI or not.
*
* @param location location to check, null = relative, having scheme = absolute
* @return true if location is considered absolute
*/
public static boolean isAbsoluteUrl(String location) {
if (location != null && location.length() > 0 && location.contains(":")) {
// consider it absolute URL if location contains valid scheme part
return SCHEME_PATTERN.matcher(location).matches();
}
return false;
}
}
