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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2014-2024 Philip Helger (www.helger.com)
 * philip[at]helger[dot]com
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.helger.commons.lang;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import javax.annotation.WillNotClose;

import com.helger.commons.collection.impl.CommonsLinkedHashMap;
import com.helger.commons.io.stream.NonBlockingBufferedWriter;
import com.helger.commons.io.stream.StreamHelper;
import com.helger.commons.string.StringHelper;
import com.helger.commons.system.ENewLineMode;

/**
 * The NonBlockingProperties class represents a persistent set of
 * properties. The NonBlockingProperties can be saved to a stream
 * or loaded from a stream. Each key and its corresponding value in the property
 * list is a string.
 * 

* A property list can contain another property list as its "defaults"; this * second property list is searched if the property key is not found in the * original property list. *

* Because NonBlockingProperties inherits from * CommonsTreeMap , the put and putAll * methods can be applied to a NonBlockingProperties object. Their * use is strongly discouraged as they allow the caller to insert entries whose * keys or values are not Strings. The setProperty * method should be used instead. If the store or save * method is called on a "compromised" NonBlockingProperties object * that contains a non- String key or value, the call will fail. * Similarly, the call to the propertyNames or list * method will fail if it is called on a "compromised" * NonBlockingProperties object that contains a non- * String key. *

* The {@link #load(java.io.Reader) load(Reader)} / * {@link #store(java.io.Writer, java.lang.String) store(Writer, String)} * methods load and store properties from and to a character based stream in a * simple line-oriented format specified below. The * {@link #load(java.io.InputStream) load(InputStream)} / * {@link #store(java.io.OutputStream, java.lang.String) store(OutputStream, * String)} methods work the same way as the load(Reader)/store(Writer, String) * pair, except the input/output stream is encoded in ISO 8859-1 character * encoding. Characters that cannot be directly represented in this encoding can * be written using * Unicode escapes ; only a single 'u' character is allowed in an escape * sequence. The native2ascii tool can be used to convert property files to and * from other character encodings. * * @author Arthur van Hoff * @author Michael McCloskey * @author Xueming Shen * @author Philip Helger */ public class NonBlockingProperties extends CommonsLinkedHashMap { // No logger here! /** * A property list that contains default values for any keys not found in this * property list. */ protected NonBlockingProperties m_aDefaults; /** * Creates an empty property list with no default values. */ public NonBlockingProperties () { this ((NonBlockingProperties) null); } /** * Creates an empty property list with the specified defaults. * * @param aDefaults * the defaults. */ public NonBlockingProperties (@Nullable final NonBlockingProperties aDefaults) { m_aDefaults = aDefaults; } /** * @return The default properties as passed in the constructor. May be * null. */ @Nullable public NonBlockingProperties getDefaults () { return m_aDefaults; } /** * Calls the Hashtable method put. Provided for * parallelism with the getProperty method. Enforces use of * strings for property keys and values. The value returned is the result of * the Hashtable call to put. * * @param sKey * the key to be placed into this property list. * @param sValue * the value corresponding to key. * @return the previous value of the specified key in this property list, or * null if it did not have one. * @see #getProperty * @since 1.2 */ @Nullable public String setProperty (final String sKey, final String sValue) { return put (sKey, sValue); } /** * Reads a property list (key and element pairs) from the input character * stream in a simple line-oriented format. *

* Properties are processed in terms of lines. There are two kinds of line, * natural lines and logical lines. A natural line is defined as * a line of characters that is terminated either by a set of line terminator * characters (\n or \r or \r\n) or by * the end of the stream. A natural line may be either a blank line, a comment * line, or hold all or some of a key-element pair. A logical line holds all * the data of a key-element pair, which may be spread out across several * adjacent natural lines by escaping the line terminator sequence with a * backslash character \. Note that a comment line cannot be * extended in this manner; every natural line that is a comment must have its * own comment indicator, as described below. Lines are read from input until * the end of the stream is reached. *

*

* A natural line that contains only white space characters is considered * blank and is ignored. A comment line has an ASCII '#' or * '!' as its first non-white space character; comment lines are * also ignored and do not encode key-element information. In addition to line * terminators, this format considers the characters space (' ', * '\u0020'), tab ('\t', * '\u0009'), and form feed ('\f', * '\u000C') to be white space. *

*

* If a logical line is spread across several natural lines, the backslash * escaping the line terminator sequence, the line terminator sequence, and * any white space at the start of the following line have no affect on the * key or element values. The remainder of the discussion of key and element * parsing (when loading) will assume all the characters constituting the key * and element appear on a single natural line after line continuation * characters have been removed. Note that it is not sufficient to only * examine the character preceding a line terminator sequence to decide if the * line terminator is escaped; there must be an odd number of contiguous * backslashes for the line terminator to be escaped. Since the input is * processed from left to right, a non-zero even number of 2n * contiguous backslashes before a line terminator (or elsewhere) encodes * n backslashes after escape processing. *

*

* The key contains all of the characters in the line starting with the first * non-white space character and up to, but not including, the first unescaped * '=', ':', or white space character other than a * line terminator. All of these key termination characters may be included in * the key by escaping them with a preceding backslash character; for example, *

*

* \:\= *

*

* would be the two-character key ":=". Line terminator * characters can be included using \r and \n escape * sequences. Any white space after the key is skipped; if the first non-white * space character after the key is '=' or ':', then * it is ignored and any white space characters after it are also skipped. All * remaining characters on the line become part of the associated element * string; if there are no remaining characters, the element is the empty * string "". Once the raw character sequences * constituting the key and element are identified, escape processing is * performed as described above. *

*

* As an example, each of the following three lines specifies the key * "Truth" and the associated element value "Beauty" * : *

* *
   * Truth = Beauty
   *  Truth:Beauty
   * Truth      :Beauty
   * 
*

* As another example, the following three lines specify a single property: *

* *
   * fruits                           apple, banana, pear, \
   *                                  cantaloupe, watermelon, \
   *                                  kiwi, mango
   * 
*

* The key is "fruits" and the associated element is: *

* *
   * "apple, banana, pear, cantaloupe, watermelon, kiwi, mango"
   * 
*

* Note that a space appears before each \ so that a space will * appear after each comma in the final result; the \, line * terminator, and leading white space on the continuation line are merely * discarded and are not replaced by one or more other characters. *

*

* As a third example, the line: *

* *
   * cheeses
   * 
*

* specifies that the key is "cheeses" and the associated element * is the empty string "". *

*

* Characters in keys and elements can be represented in escape sequences * similar to those used for character and string literals (see * §3.3 and §3.10.6 of the Java Language Specification). The * differences from the character escape sequences and Unicode escapes used * for characters and strings are: *

*
    *
  • Octal escapes are not recognized. *
  • The character sequence \b does not represent a * backspace character. *
  • The method does not treat a backslash character, \, before * a non-valid escape character as an error; the backslash is silently * dropped. For example, in a Java string the sequence "\z" would * cause a compile time error. In contrast, this method silently drops the * backslash. Therefore, this method treats the two character sequence * "\b" as equivalent to the single character 'b'. *
  • Escapes are not necessary for single and double quotes; however, by the * rule above, single and double quote characters preceded by a backslash * still yield single and double quote characters, respectively. *
  • Only a single 'u' character is allowed in a Unicode escape sequence. *
*

* The specified stream remains open after this method returns. *

* * @param aReader * the input character stream. * @throws IOException * if an error occurred when reading from the input stream. * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if a malformed Unicode escape appears in the input. * @since 1.6 */ public void load (@WillNotClose final Reader aReader) throws IOException { _load (new LineReader (aReader)); } /** * Reads a property list (key and element pairs) from the input byte stream. * The input stream is in a simple line-oriented format as specified in * {@link #load(java.io.Reader) load(Reader)} and is assumed to use the ISO * 8859-1 character encoding; that is each byte is one Latin1 character. * Characters not in Latin1, and certain special characters, are represented * in keys and elements using * Unicode escapes. *

* The specified stream remains open after this method returns. * * @param aIS * the input stream. * @exception IOException * if an error occurred when reading from the input stream. * @throws IllegalArgumentException * if the input stream contains a malformed Unicode escape sequence. * @since 1.2 */ public void load (@WillNotClose final InputStream aIS) throws IOException { _load (new LineReader (aIS)); } private void _load (@WillNotClose final LineReader aLineReader) throws IOException { final char [] aBuf = new char [1024]; int nLimit; while ((nLimit = aLineReader.readLine ()) >= 0) { char c = 0; int nKeyLen = 0; int nValueStart = nLimit; boolean bHasSep = false; // System.out.println("line=<" + new String(lineBuf, 0, limit) + ">"); boolean bPrecedingBackslash = false; while (nKeyLen < nLimit) { c = aLineReader.m_aLineBuf[nKeyLen]; // need check if escaped. if ((c == '=' || c == ':') && !bPrecedingBackslash) { nValueStart = nKeyLen + 1; bHasSep = true; break; } else if ((c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\f') && !bPrecedingBackslash) { nValueStart = nKeyLen + 1; break; } if (c == '\\') bPrecedingBackslash = !bPrecedingBackslash; else bPrecedingBackslash = false; nKeyLen++; } while (nValueStart < nLimit) { c = aLineReader.m_aLineBuf[nValueStart]; if (c != ' ' && c != '\t' && c != '\f') { if (!bHasSep && (c == '=' || c == ':')) bHasSep = true; else break; } nValueStart++; } final String sKey = _loadConvert (aLineReader.m_aLineBuf, 0, nKeyLen, aBuf); final String value = _loadConvert (aLineReader.m_aLineBuf, nValueStart, nLimit - nValueStart, aBuf); put (sKey, value); } } /* * Read in a "logical line" from an InputStream/Reader, skip all comment and * blank lines and filter out those leading whitespace characters ( , and ) * from the beginning of a "natural line". Method returns the char length of * the "logical line" and stores the line in "lineBuf". */ static class LineReader { private byte [] m_aInByteBuf; private char [] m_aInCharBuf; private char [] m_aLineBuf = new char [1024]; private int m_nInLimit = 0; private int m_nInOff = 0; private InputStream m_aIS; private Reader m_aReader; public LineReader (final InputStream aIS) { m_aIS = aIS; m_aInByteBuf = new byte [8192]; } public LineReader (final Reader aReader) { m_aReader = aReader; m_aInCharBuf = new char [8192]; } protected int readLine () throws IOException { int nLen = 0; char c = 0; boolean bSkipWhiteSpace = true; boolean bIsCommentLine = false; boolean bIsNewLine = true; boolean bAppendedLineBegin = false; boolean bPrecedingBackslash = false; boolean bSkipLF = false; while (true) { if (m_nInOff >= m_nInLimit) { m_nInLimit = (m_aIS == null) ? m_aReader.read (m_aInCharBuf) : m_aIS.read (m_aInByteBuf); m_nInOff = 0; if (m_nInLimit <= 0) { if (nLen == 0 || bIsCommentLine) return -1; return nLen; } } if (m_aIS != null) { // The line below is equivalent to calling a // ISO8859-1 decoder. c = (char) (0xff & m_aInByteBuf[m_nInOff++]); } else { c = m_aInCharBuf[m_nInOff++]; } if (bSkipLF) { bSkipLF = false; if (c == '\n') continue; } if (bSkipWhiteSpace) { if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\f') continue; if (!bAppendedLineBegin && (c == '\r' || c == '\n')) continue; bSkipWhiteSpace = false; bAppendedLineBegin = false; } if (bIsNewLine) { bIsNewLine = false; if (c == '#' || c == '!') { bIsCommentLine = true; continue; } } if (c != '\n' && c != '\r') { m_aLineBuf[nLen++] = c; if (nLen == m_aLineBuf.length) { int newLength = m_aLineBuf.length * 2; if (newLength < 0) { newLength = Integer.MAX_VALUE; } final char [] buf = new char [newLength]; System.arraycopy (m_aLineBuf, 0, buf, 0, m_aLineBuf.length); m_aLineBuf = buf; } // flip the preceding backslash flag if (c == '\\') bPrecedingBackslash = !bPrecedingBackslash; else bPrecedingBackslash = false; } else { // reached EOL if (bIsCommentLine || nLen == 0) { bIsCommentLine = false; bIsNewLine = true; bSkipWhiteSpace = true; nLen = 0; continue; } if (m_nInOff >= m_nInLimit) { m_nInLimit = m_aIS == null ? m_aReader.read (m_aInCharBuf) : m_aIS.read (m_aInByteBuf); m_nInOff = 0; if (m_nInLimit <= 0) return nLen; } if (bPrecedingBackslash) { nLen -= 1; // skip the leading whitespace characters in following line bSkipWhiteSpace = true; bAppendedLineBegin = true; bPrecedingBackslash = false; if (c == '\r') bSkipLF = true; } else return nLen; } } } } /* * Converts encoded \uxxxx to unicode chars and changes special saved * chars to their original forms */ @Nonnull private static String _loadConvert (@Nonnull final char [] aIn, final int nOfs, final int nLen, @Nonnull final char [] aConvBuf) { int nCurOfs = nOfs; char [] aOut; if (aConvBuf.length < nLen) { int nNewLen = nLen * 2; if (nNewLen < 0) nNewLen = Integer.MAX_VALUE; aOut = new char [nNewLen]; } else aOut = aConvBuf; char aChar; int nOutLen = 0; final int nEndOfs = nCurOfs + nLen; while (nCurOfs < nEndOfs) { aChar = aIn[nCurOfs++]; if (aChar == '\\') { aChar = aIn[nCurOfs++]; if (aChar == 'u') { // Read the xxxx int nValue = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { aChar = aIn[nCurOfs++]; switch (aChar) { case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': nValue = (nValue << 4) + aChar - '0'; break; case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e': case 'f': nValue = (nValue << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'a'; break; case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E': case 'F': nValue = (nValue << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'A'; break; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException ("Malformed \\uxxxx encoding."); } } aOut[nOutLen++] = (char) nValue; } else { if (aChar == 't') aChar = '\t'; else if (aChar == 'r') aChar = '\r'; else if (aChar == 'n') aChar = '\n'; else if (aChar == 'f') aChar = '\f'; aOut[nOutLen++] = aChar; } } else { aOut[nOutLen++] = aChar; } } return new String (aOut, 0, nOutLen); } /* * Converts unicodes to encoded \uxxxx and escapes special characters with * a preceding slash */ @Nonnull private static String _saveConvert (final String sStr, final boolean bEscapeSpace, final boolean bEscapeUnicode) { final int nLen = sStr.length (); int nBufLen = nLen * 2; if (nBufLen < 0) nBufLen = Integer.MAX_VALUE; final StringBuilder aSB = new StringBuilder (nBufLen); for (int x = 0; x < nLen; x++) { final char aChar = sStr.charAt (x); // Handle common case first, selecting largest block that // avoids the specials below // 61 == '=' if (aChar > 61 && aChar < 127) { if (aChar == '\\') { aSB.append ('\\').append ('\\'); continue; } aSB.append (aChar); continue; } switch (aChar) { case ' ': if (x == 0 || bEscapeSpace) aSB.append ('\\'); aSB.append (' '); break; case '\t': aSB.append ('\\').append ('t'); break; case '\n': aSB.append ('\\').append ('n'); break; case '\r': aSB.append ('\\').append ('r'); break; case '\f': aSB.append ('\\').append ('f'); break; case '=': case ':': case '#': case '!': aSB.append ('\\').append (aChar); break; default: if ((aChar < 0x0020 || aChar > 0x007e) && bEscapeUnicode) { aSB.append ('\\') .append ('u') .append (StringHelper.getHexChar ((aChar >> 12) & 0xF)) .append (StringHelper.getHexChar ((aChar >> 8) & 0xF)) .append (StringHelper.getHexChar ((aChar >> 4) & 0xF)) .append (StringHelper.getHexChar (aChar & 0xF)); } else { aSB.append (aChar); } } } return aSB.toString (); } private static void _writeComments (@Nonnull @WillNotClose final Writer aWriter, @Nonnull final String sComments) throws IOException { aWriter.write ("#"); final int nLen = sComments.length (); int nCurrent = 0; int nLast = 0; final char [] uu = new char [6]; uu[0] = '\\'; uu[1] = 'u'; while (nCurrent < nLen) { final char c = sComments.charAt (nCurrent); if (c > '\u00ff' || c == '\n' || c == '\r') { if (nLast != nCurrent) aWriter.write (sComments.substring (nLast, nCurrent)); if (c > '\u00ff') { uu[2] = StringHelper.getHexChar ((c >> 12) & 0xf); uu[3] = StringHelper.getHexChar ((c >> 8) & 0xf); uu[4] = StringHelper.getHexChar ((c >> 4) & 0xf); uu[5] = StringHelper.getHexChar (c & 0xf); aWriter.write (uu); } else { aWriter.write (ENewLineMode.DEFAULT.getText ()); if (c == '\r' && nCurrent != nLen - 1 && sComments.charAt (nCurrent + 1) == '\n') nCurrent++; if (nCurrent == nLen - 1 || (sComments.charAt (nCurrent + 1) != '#' && sComments.charAt (nCurrent + 1) != '!')) aWriter.write ("#"); } nLast = nCurrent + 1; } nCurrent++; } if (nLast != nCurrent) aWriter.write (sComments.substring (nLast, nCurrent)); aWriter.write (ENewLineMode.DEFAULT.getText ()); } /** * Writes this property list (key and element pairs) in this * Properties table to the output character stream in a format * suitable for using the {@link #load(java.io.Reader) load(Reader)} method. *

* Properties from the defaults table of this Properties table * (if any) are not written out by this method. *

* If the comments argument is not null, then an ASCII # * character, the comments string, and a line separator are first written to * the output stream. Thus, the comments can serve as an * identifying comment. Any one of a line feed ('\n'), a carriage return * ('\r'), or a carriage return followed immediately by a line feed in * comments is replaced by a line separator generated by the * Writer and if the next character in comments is not character * # or character ! then an ASCII # is * written out after that line separator. *

* Next, a comment line is always written, consisting of an ASCII * # character, the current date and time (as if produced by the * toString method of Date for the current time), * and a line separator as generated by the Writer. *

* Then every entry in this Properties table is written out, one * per line. For each entry the key string is written, then an ASCII * =, then the associated element string. For the key, all space * characters are written with a preceding \ character. For the * element, leading space characters, but not embedded or trailing space * characters, are written with a preceding \ character. The key * and element characters #, !, =, and * : are written with a preceding backslash to ensure that they * are properly loaded. *

* After the entries have been written, the output stream is flushed. The * output stream remains open after this method returns. *

* * @param aWriter * an output character stream writer. * @param sComments * a description of the property list. * @exception IOException * if writing this property list to the specified output stream * throws an IOException. * @exception ClassCastException * if this Properties object contains any keys or * values that are not Strings. * @exception NullPointerException * if writer is null. * @since 1.6 */ public void store (@Nonnull @WillNotClose final Writer aWriter, @Nullable final String sComments) throws IOException { _store (StreamHelper.getBuffered (aWriter), sComments, false); } /** * Writes this property list (key and element pairs) in this * Properties table to the output stream in a format suitable for * loading into a Properties table using the * {@link #load(InputStream) load(InputStream)} method. *

* Properties from the defaults table of this Properties table * (if any) are not written out by this method. *

* This method outputs the comments, properties keys and values in the same * format as specified in {@link #store(java.io.Writer, java.lang.String) * store(Writer)}, with the following differences: *

    *
  • The stream is written using the ISO 8859-1 character encoding. *
  • Characters not in Latin-1 in the comments are written as * \uxxxx for their appropriate unicode hexadecimal * value xxxx. *
  • Characters less than \u0020 and characters greater * than \u007E in property keys or values are written as * \uxxxx for the appropriate hexadecimal value * xxxx. *
*

* After the entries have been written, the output stream is flushed. The * output stream remains open after this method returns. *

* * @param aOS * an output stream. * @param sComments * a description of the property list. * @exception IOException * if writing this property list to the specified output stream * throws an IOException. * @exception ClassCastException * if this Properties object contains any keys or * values that are not Strings. * @exception NullPointerException * if out is null. * @since 1.2 */ public void store (@Nonnull @WillNotClose final OutputStream aOS, @Nullable final String sComments) throws IOException { _store (new NonBlockingBufferedWriter (new OutputStreamWriter (aOS, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1)), sComments, true); } private void _store (@Nonnull @WillNotClose final Writer aWriter, @Nullable final String sComments, final boolean bEscapeUnicode) throws IOException { if (sComments != null) _writeComments (aWriter, sComments); final String sNewLine = ENewLineMode.DEFAULT.getText (); aWriter.write ("#" + ZonedDateTime.now ().toString () + sNewLine); for (final Map.Entry aEntry : entrySet ()) { String sKey = aEntry.getKey (); sKey = _saveConvert (sKey, true, bEscapeUnicode); String sValue = aEntry.getValue (); /* * No need to escape embedded and trailing spaces for value, hence pass * false to flag. */ sValue = sValue == null ? "" : _saveConvert (sValue, false, bEscapeUnicode); aWriter.write (sKey); aWriter.write ('='); aWriter.write (sValue); aWriter.write (sNewLine); } aWriter.flush (); } /** * Searches for the property with the specified key in this property list. If * the key is not found in this property list, the default property list, and * its defaults, recursively, are then checked. The method returns * null if the property is not found. * * @param sKey * the property key. * @return the value in this property list with the specified key value. * @see #setProperty */ @Nullable public String getProperty (@Nullable final String sKey) { final String sValue = super.get (sKey); return sValue == null && m_aDefaults != null ? m_aDefaults.getProperty (sKey) : sValue; } /** * Searches for the property with the specified key in this property list. If * the key is not found in this property list, the default property list, and * its defaults, recursively, are then checked. The method returns the default * value argument if the property is not found. * * @param sKey * the map key. * @param sDefaultValue * a default value. * @return the value in this property list with the specified key value. * @see #setProperty */ @Nullable public String getProperty (@Nullable final String sKey, @Nullable final String sDefaultValue) { final String sValue = getProperty (sKey); return sValue == null ? sDefaultValue : sValue; } @Override public boolean equals (final Object o) { if (o == this) return true; if (o == null || !getClass ().equals (o.getClass ())) return false; return super.equals (o); } @Override public int hashCode () { return super.hashCode (); } /** * Create {@link NonBlockingProperties} from an existing {@link Properties} * object. * * @param aProperties * Source properties. May be null. * @return The newly created {@link NonBlockingProperties}. Never * null. */ @Nonnull public static NonBlockingProperties create (@Nullable final Map aProperties) { final NonBlockingProperties ret = new NonBlockingProperties (); if (aProperties != null) for (final Map.Entry aEntry : aProperties.entrySet ()) ret.put ((String) aEntry.getKey (), (String) aEntry.getValue ()); return ret; } }





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