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/*
* Copyright 2016 The BigDL Authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.intel.analytics.bigdl.parameters
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong
import java.util.concurrent.{Callable, Executors, ExecutorService, Future, ThreadFactory}
import com.intel.analytics.bigdl.tensor.Tensor
import com.intel.analytics.bigdl.tensor.TensorNumericMath.TensorNumeric
import com.intel.analytics.bigdl.utils.Engine
import org.apache.commons.lang.exception.ExceptionUtils
import org.apache.log4j.Logger
import org.apache.spark.sparkExtension.SparkExtension
import org.apache.spark.storage.{BlockId, BlockManagerWrapper, StorageLevel}
import org.apache.spark.TaskContext
import scala.collection.JavaConverters._
import scala.reflect._
object AllReduceParameter {
private val syncPoolSize: Int = System.getProperty("bigdl.Parameter.syncPoolSize", "4").toInt
val logger: Logger = Logger.getLogger(getClass)
val syncPool: ExecutorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(syncPoolSize, new ThreadFactory {
override def newThread(r: Runnable): Thread = {
val t = Executors.defaultThreadFactory().newThread(r)
t.setDaemon(true)
t
}
})
private val computePoolSize: Int = System.getProperty("bigdl.Parameter.computePoolSize",
(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / 2).toString).toInt
val computePool: ExecutorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(computePoolSize,
new ThreadFactory {
override def newThread(r: Runnable): Thread = {
val t = Executors.defaultThreadFactory().newThread(r)
t.setDaemon(true)
t
}
})
private val nextId = new AtomicLong(0)
def newParameter[T: ClassTag](partitionNum: Int, size: Int): AllReduceParameter[T] = {
new AllReduceParameter(nextId.getAndIncrement(), partitionNum, size)
}
}
/**
* Represent parameters stored on the block manager. In distributed optimization, we put parameters
* on block manager of spark. Each worker syncs parameters through the block manager. Block manager
* here serves as a parameter server.
*
* A Tensor is sliced into `partitionNum` chunks and each chunk is assigned to a particular node
* (Spark executor). Likewise, gradients for each chunk are also assigned and stored on separate
* nodes. In this way, gradient aggregation and parameter updates can be performed independently for
* each chunk on separate nodes.
*
* @param id distinguish from other parameters
* @param partitionNum how many partitions will use this parameter
* @param size size of the parameter (1D vector)
* @tparam T Tensor element type
*/
class AllReduceParameter[T: ClassTag](id: Long, partitionNum: Int, size: Int) extends Serializable {
import AllReduceParameter._
@transient private var taskSize = 0
@transient private var extraSize = 0
@transient private var partitionId: Int = 0
/** Tensor to hold a slice of the global weights. */
@transient lazy val weightPartition: Tensor[T] = readWeightPartition()
/** Tensor to hold a slice of the global gradients. */
@transient lazy val gradientPartition: Tensor[T] = readGradientPartition()
/**
* This is used by [[java.io.Serializable]] to update some class members when the object is
* deserialized.
*/
private def readObject(in: java.io.ObjectInputStream): Unit = {
in.defaultReadObject()
taskSize = size / partitionNum
extraSize = size % partitionNum
partitionId = TaskContext.getPartitionId()
}
/**
* Reads the portion of the weights assigned to this node from the local block manager. The
* `init` method must be called before calling this method.
*
* @return Tensor containing a slice of the overall model weights.
*/
private def readWeightPartition(): Tensor[T] = {
val blockId = getWeightPartitionId()
BlockManagerWrapper.getLocal(blockId)
.map(_.data.next().asInstanceOf[Tensor[T]])
.getOrElse(throw new IllegalStateException("Please initialize AllReduceParameter first!"))
}
/**
* Reads the portion of the gradients assigned to this node from the local block manager. The
* `init` method must be called before calling this method.
*
* @return Tensor containing a slice of the overall model gradients.
*/
private def readGradientPartition(): Tensor[T] = {
val blockId = getGradientPartitionId()
BlockManagerWrapper.getLocal(blockId)
.map(_.data.next().asInstanceOf[Tensor[T]])
.getOrElse(throw new IllegalStateException("Please initialize AllReduceParameter first!"))
}
/**
* This method should be called on each RDD partition before parameter synchronization begins.
* An empty gradient tensor is placed in the block manager that can be used to store gradients.
* A 1 / numPartition fraction of the `parameter` tensor is copied to the block manager as a
* compressed tensor.
*
* @param parameter A tensor representing the initial underlying weights of this
* `AllReduceParameter`
*/
def init(parameter: Tensor[T])(implicit ev: TensorNumeric[T]): Unit = {
val _classTag = classTag[T]
val start = partitionId * taskSize + math.min(partitionId, extraSize)
val length = taskSize + (if (partitionId < extraSize) 1 else 0)
val _weights = Tensor[T](length)(_classTag, ev).copy(parameter.narrow(1, start + 1, length))
val _gradients = Tensor[T](length)(_classTag, ev)
BlockManagerWrapper.removeBlock(getWeightPartitionId())
BlockManagerWrapper.putSingle(getWeightPartitionId(),
_weights, StorageLevel.MEMORY_AND_DISK, tellMaster = false)
BlockManagerWrapper.removeBlock(getGradientPartitionId())
BlockManagerWrapper.putSingle(getGradientPartitionId(),
_gradients, StorageLevel.MEMORY_AND_DISK, tellMaster = false)
val blockId = getWeightBlockId(partitionId)
val fp16param = new FP16CompressedTensor[T](length)(_classTag)
fp16param.compress(0, parameter, start, length)
BlockManagerWrapper.putBytes(blockId, fp16param.bytes(), StorageLevel.MEMORY_ONLY_SER)
}
private def getWeightBlockId(pid: Int): BlockId = {
SparkExtension.getLocalBlockId(id + "weightBytes" + pid)
}
private def getWeightPartitionId(): BlockId = {
SparkExtension.getLocalBlockId(id + "weights" + partitionId)
}
private def getGradientPartitionId(): BlockId = {
SparkExtension.getLocalBlockId(id + "gradients" + partitionId)
}
private def getGradientBlockId(pidFrom: Int, pidTo: Int): BlockId = {
SparkExtension.getLocalBlockId(id.toString + pidTo + "gradientBytes" + pidFrom)
}
/**
* Use a fixed thread pool to launch a thread for each partition of the weights. Each thread
* requests a partition of the weights from the Spark block manager and copies it into
* `localParameter`.
*
* @param localParameter The Tensor that will hold the retrieved weights.
* @return A [[FutureResult]] which contains a [[Future]] for each thread.
*/
def getWeights(localParameter: Tensor[T]): FutureResult[Int] = {
val tasks = (0 until partitionNum).map { pid =>
syncPool.submit {
new Callable[Int] {
override def call(): Int = {
try {
val blockId = getWeightBlockId(pid)
val localBuffer = BlockManagerWrapper.getLocalOrRemoteBytes(blockId).getOrElse {
throw new RuntimeException(s"Didn't find weight block $blockId in the block " +
s"manager. Did you initialize this AllReduceParameter on every executor?")
}
val start = pid * taskSize + math.min(pid, extraSize)
val length = taskSize + (if (pid < extraSize) 1 else 0)
require(localBuffer.array().length == length * 2)
SerializerInstance.create(localBuffer).deCompress(0, localParameter, start, length)
BlockManagerWrapper.unlock(blockId)
pid
} catch {
case t: Throwable =>
logger.error("Error: " + ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(t))
throw t
}
}
}
}
}
new FutureResult(tasks)
}
/**
* Retrieve gradients for the slice of the model that this node is responsible for from all the
* other nodes. A new thread is created for each separate node. The gradients are then summed
* and then stored in decompressed form in `gradientPartition`.
*/
def aggregateGradientPartition(): Unit = {
require(partitionId < partitionNum, s"This parameter was created with $partitionNum " +
s"partitions. It cannot be used on RDDs with > $partitionNum partitions.")
val params = new Array[CompressedTensor[T]](partitionNum)
val sgThreads = (0 until partitionNum).map { pid =>
new Callable[Int] {
override def call(): Int = {
try {
val blockId = getGradientBlockId(pid, partitionId)
val tmp = BlockManagerWrapper.getLocalOrRemoteBytes(blockId).get
params(pid) = SerializerInstance.create(tmp)
BlockManagerWrapper.unlock(blockId)
pid
} catch {
case t: Throwable =>
logger.error("Error: " + ExceptionUtils.getStackTrace(t))
throw t
}
}
}
}
syncPool.invokeAll(sgThreads.asJava)
val length = taskSize + (if (partitionId < extraSize) 1 else 0)
val poolSize = Engine.default.getPoolSize
val innerTaskSize = length / poolSize
val innerExtraSize = length % poolSize
val availableTask = if (innerTaskSize == 0) innerExtraSize else poolSize
computePool.invokeAll((0 until availableTask).map(tid =>
new Callable[Int] {
override def call(): Int = {
val innerStart = tid * innerTaskSize + math.min(innerExtraSize, tid)
val innerLength = innerTaskSize + (if (tid < innerExtraSize) 1 else 0)
params.reduce { (l, r) =>
l.add(r.bytes(innerStart, innerLength), innerStart, innerLength)
}
tid
}
}
).asJava)
params.head.deCompress(gradientPartition)
}
/**
* Slice gradients learned from this partition of data into chunks, and mark each chunk to be sent
* to the appropriate parameter node, and put it in the block manager.
*
* @param parameter A Tensor that contains gradients computed on the entire model on a single
* partition of data.
*/
def putGradients(parameter: Tensor[T]): Unit = {
val _classTag = classTag[T]
computePool.invokeAll((0 until partitionNum).map(i =>
new Callable[Int] {
override def call(): Int = {
val start = i * taskSize + math.min(i, extraSize)
val length = taskSize + (if (i < extraSize) 1 else 0)
val blockId = getGradientBlockId(partitionId, i)
val block = BlockManagerWrapper.getLocalBytes(blockId)
if (block.isDefined) {
val fp16param = new FP16CompressedTensor[T](block.get)(_classTag)
fp16param.compress(0, parameter, start, length)
i
} else {
val fp16param = new FP16CompressedTensor[T](length)(_classTag)
fp16param.compress(0, parameter, start, length)
BlockManagerWrapper.putBytes(blockId, fp16param.bytes(), StorageLevel.MEMORY_ONLY_SER)
i
}
}
}
).asJava)
}
/**
* Put the portion of the weights that this partition is responsible for to the block manager.
* Weights are placed locally, then pulled when needed by other partitions.
*/
def sendWeightPartition(): Unit = {
val blockId = getWeightBlockId(partitionId)
val localBuffer = BlockManagerWrapper.getLocalBytes(blockId).getOrElse {
throw new RuntimeException(s"Didn't find weight block $blockId in the block " +
s"manager. Did you initialize this AllReduceParameter on every executor?")
}
SerializerInstance.create(localBuffer).compress(weightPartition)
val weightsId = getWeightPartitionId()
val weights = BlockManagerWrapper.getLocal(weightsId)
.map(_.data.next().asInstanceOf[Tensor[T]])
.getOrElse(throw new IllegalStateException("Please initialize AllReduceParameter first!"))
weights.copy(weightPartition)
}
}
private[bigdl] class FutureResult[T](private val futures: Seq[Future[T]]) {
def waitResult(): Seq[T] = futures.map(_.get())
}
