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/*
This file is part of the iText (R) project.
Copyright (c) 1998-2023 Apryse Group NV
Authors: Apryse Software.
This program is offered under a commercial and under the AGPL license.
For commercial licensing, contact us at https://itextpdf.com/sales. For AGPL licensing, see below.
AGPL licensing:
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
along with this program. If not, see .
*/
package com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf;
import com.itextpdf.commons.actions.data.ProductData;
import com.itextpdf.commons.utils.MessageFormatUtil;
import com.itextpdf.io.logs.IoLogMessageConstant;
import com.itextpdf.io.source.ByteUtils;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.actions.data.ITextCoreProductData;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* A representation of a cross-referenced table of a PDF document.
*/
public class PdfXrefTable {
private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 32;
private static final int MAX_GENERATION = 65535;
private static final byte[] freeXRefEntry = ByteUtils.getIsoBytes("f \n");
private static final byte[] inUseXRefEntry = ByteUtils.getIsoBytes("n \n");
private PdfIndirectReference[] xref;
private int count = 0;
private boolean readingCompleted;
private MemoryLimitsAwareHandler memoryLimitsAwareHandler;
/**
* Free references linked list is stored in a form of a map, where:
* key - free reference obj number;
* value - previous item in the linked list of free references for the object denoted by the key.
*/
private final TreeMap freeReferencesLinkedList;
/**
* Creates a {@link PdfXrefTable} which will be used to store xref structure of the pdf document.
* Capacity and {@link MemoryLimitsAwareHandler} instance would be set by default values.
*/
public PdfXrefTable() {
this(INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
/**
* Creates a {@link PdfXrefTable} which will be used to store xref structure of the pdf document.
*
* @param capacity initial capacity of xref table.
*/
public PdfXrefTable(int capacity) {
this(capacity, null);
}
/**
* Creates a {@link PdfXrefTable} which will be used to store xref structure of the pdf document.
*
* @param memoryLimitsAwareHandler custom {@link MemoryLimitsAwareHandler} to set.
*/
public PdfXrefTable(MemoryLimitsAwareHandler memoryLimitsAwareHandler) {
this(INITIAL_CAPACITY, memoryLimitsAwareHandler);
}
/**
* Creates a {@link PdfXrefTable} which will be used to store xref structure of the pdf document.
*
* @param capacity initial capacity of xref table.
* @param memoryLimitsAwareHandler memoryLimitsAwareHandler custom {@link MemoryLimitsAwareHandler} to set.
*/
public PdfXrefTable(int capacity, MemoryLimitsAwareHandler memoryLimitsAwareHandler) {
if (capacity < 1) {
capacity = memoryLimitsAwareHandler == null ? INITIAL_CAPACITY
: Math.min(INITIAL_CAPACITY, memoryLimitsAwareHandler.getMaxNumberOfElementsInXrefStructure());
}
this.memoryLimitsAwareHandler = memoryLimitsAwareHandler;
if (this.memoryLimitsAwareHandler != null) {
this.memoryLimitsAwareHandler.checkIfXrefStructureExceedsTheLimit(capacity);
}
this.xref = new PdfIndirectReference[capacity];
this.freeReferencesLinkedList = new TreeMap<>();
add((PdfIndirectReference) new PdfIndirectReference(null, 0, MAX_GENERATION, 0).setState(PdfObject.FREE));
}
/**
* Sets custom {@link MemoryLimitsAwareHandler}.
*
* @param memoryLimitsAwareHandler instance to set.
*/
public void setMemoryLimitsAwareHandler(MemoryLimitsAwareHandler memoryLimitsAwareHandler) {
this.memoryLimitsAwareHandler = memoryLimitsAwareHandler;
}
/**
* Adds indirect reference to list of indirect objects.
*
* @param reference indirect reference to add.
* @return reference from param
*/
public PdfIndirectReference add(PdfIndirectReference reference) {
if (reference == null) {
return null;
}
int objNr = reference.getObjNumber();
this.count = Math.max(this.count, objNr);
ensureCount(objNr);
xref[objNr] = reference;
return reference;
}
/**
* Get size of cross-reference table.
*
* @return amount of lines including zero-object
*/
public int size() {
return count + 1;
}
/**
* Calculates a number of stored references to indirect objects.
*
* @return number of indirect objects
*/
public int getCountOfIndirectObjects() {
int countOfIndirectObjects = 0;
for (final PdfIndirectReference ref: xref) {
if (ref != null && ! ref.isFree()) {
countOfIndirectObjects++;
}
}
return countOfIndirectObjects;
}
/**
* Get appropriate reference to indirect object.
*
* @param index is the index of required object
* @return reference to object with the provided index
*/
public PdfIndirectReference get(int index) {
if (index > count) {
return null;
}
return xref[index];
}
/**
* Convenience method to write the fingerprint preceding the trailer.
* The fingerprint contains information on iText products used in the generation or manipulation
* of an outputted PDF file.
*
* @param document pdfDocument to write the fingerprint to
*/
protected static void writeKeyInfo(PdfDocument document) {
PdfWriter writer = document.getWriter();
final Collection products = document.getFingerPrint().getProducts();
if (products.isEmpty()) {
writer.writeString(MessageFormatUtil
.format("%iText-{0}-no-registered-products\n", ITextCoreProductData.getInstance().getVersion()));
} else {
for (ProductData productData : products) {
writer.writeString(MessageFormatUtil
.format("%iText-{0}-{1}\n", productData.getPublicProductName(), productData.getVersion()));
}
}
}
/**
* Creates next available indirect reference.
*
* @param document is the current {@link PdfDocument document}
* @return created indirect reference.
*/
protected PdfIndirectReference createNextIndirectReference(PdfDocument document) {
PdfIndirectReference reference = new PdfIndirectReference(document, ++count);
add(reference);
return (PdfIndirectReference) reference.setState(PdfObject.MODIFIED);
}
/**
* Set the reference to free state.
*
* @param reference is a reference to be updated.
*/
protected void freeReference(PdfIndirectReference reference) {
if (reference.isFree()) {
return;
}
if (reference.checkState(PdfObject.MUST_BE_FLUSHED)) {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PdfXrefTable.class);
logger.error(IoLogMessageConstant.INDIRECT_REFERENCE_USED_IN_FLUSHED_OBJECT_MADE_FREE);
return;
}
if (reference.checkState(PdfObject.FLUSHED)) {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PdfXrefTable.class);
logger.error(IoLogMessageConstant.ALREADY_FLUSHED_INDIRECT_OBJECT_MADE_FREE);
return;
}
reference.setState(PdfObject.FREE).setState(PdfObject.MODIFIED);
appendNewRefToFreeList(reference);
if (reference.getGenNumber() < MAX_GENERATION) {
reference.genNr++;
}
}
/**
* Gets the capacity of xref stream.
*
* @return the capacity of xref stream.
*/
protected int getCapacity() {
return xref.length;
}
/**
* Increase capacity of the array of indirect references.
*
* @param capacity is a new capacity to set
*/
protected void setCapacity(int capacity) {
if (capacity > xref.length) {
extendXref(capacity);
}
}
/**
* Writes cross reference table and trailer to PDF.
*
* @param document is the current {@link PdfDocument document}
* @param fileId field id
* @param crypto pdf encryption
* @throws IOException if any I/O error occurs
*/
protected void writeXrefTableAndTrailer(PdfDocument document, PdfObject fileId, PdfObject crypto) throws IOException {
PdfWriter writer = document.getWriter();
if (!document.properties.appendMode) {
for (int i = count; i > 0; --i) {
PdfIndirectReference lastRef = xref[i];
if (lastRef == null || lastRef.isFree()) {
removeFreeRefFromList(i);
--count;
} else {
break;
}
}
}
PdfStream xrefStream = null;
if (writer.isFullCompression()) {
xrefStream = new PdfStream();
xrefStream.makeIndirect(document);
}
List sections = createSections(document, false);
boolean noModifiedObjects = (sections.size() == 0) ||
(xrefStream != null && sections.size() == 2 && sections.get(0) == count && sections.get(1) == 1);
if (document.properties.appendMode && noModifiedObjects) {
// No modifications in document
xref = null;
return;
}
document.checkIsoConformance(this, IsoKey.XREF_TABLE);
long startxref = writer.getCurrentPos();
long xRefStmPos = -1;
if (xrefStream != null) {
xrefStream.put(PdfName.Type, PdfName.XRef);
xrefStream.put(PdfName.ID, fileId);
if (crypto != null)
xrefStream.put(PdfName.Encrypt, crypto);
xrefStream.put(PdfName.Size, new PdfNumber(this.size()));
int offsetSize = getOffsetSize(Math.max(startxref, size()));
xrefStream.put(PdfName.W, new PdfArray(
Arrays.asList((PdfObject) new PdfNumber(1), new PdfNumber(offsetSize), new PdfNumber(2))));
xrefStream.put(PdfName.Info, document.getDocumentInfo().getPdfObject());
xrefStream.put(PdfName.Root, document.getCatalog().getPdfObject());
PdfArray index = new PdfArray();
for (Integer section : sections) {
index.add(new PdfNumber((int) section));
}
if (document.properties.appendMode && !document.reader.hybridXref) {
// "not meaningful in hybrid-reference files"
PdfNumber lastXref = new PdfNumber(document.reader.getLastXref());
xrefStream.put(PdfName.Prev, lastXref);
}
xrefStream.put(PdfName.Index, index);
xrefStream.getIndirectReference().setOffset(startxref);
PdfXrefTable xrefTable = document.getXref();
for (int k = 0; k < sections.size(); k += 2) {
int first = (int) sections.get(k);
int len = (int) sections.get(k + 1);
for (int i = first; i < first + len; i++) {
PdfIndirectReference reference = xrefTable.get(i);
if (reference.isFree()) {
xrefStream.getOutputStream().write(0);
xrefStream.getOutputStream().write(reference.getOffset(), offsetSize);
xrefStream.getOutputStream().write(reference.getGenNumber(), 2);
} else if (reference.getObjStreamNumber() == 0) {
xrefStream.getOutputStream().write(1);
xrefStream.getOutputStream().write(reference.getOffset(), offsetSize);
xrefStream.getOutputStream().write(reference.getGenNumber(), 2);
} else {
xrefStream.getOutputStream().write(2);
xrefStream.getOutputStream().write(reference.getObjStreamNumber(), offsetSize);
xrefStream.getOutputStream().write(reference.getIndex(), 2);
}
}
}
xrefStream.flush();
xRefStmPos = startxref;
}
// For documents with hybrid cross-reference table, i.e. containing xref streams as well as regular xref sections,
// we write additional regular xref section at the end of the document because the /Prev reference from
// xref stream to a regular xref section doesn't seem to be valid
boolean needsRegularXref = !writer.isFullCompression() || (document.properties.appendMode && document.reader.hybridXref);
if (needsRegularXref) {
startxref = writer.getCurrentPos();
writer.writeString("xref\n");
PdfXrefTable xrefTable = document.getXref();
if (xRefStmPos != -1) {
// Get rid of all objects from object stream. This is done for hybrid documents
sections = createSections(document, true);
}
for (int k = 0; k < sections.size(); k += 2) {
int first = (int) sections.get(k);
int len = (int) sections.get(k + 1);
writer.writeInteger(first).writeSpace().writeInteger(len).writeByte((byte) '\n');
for (int i = first; i < first + len; i++) {
PdfIndirectReference reference = xrefTable.get(i);
StringBuilder off = new StringBuilder("0000000000").append(reference.getOffset());
StringBuilder gen = new StringBuilder("00000").append(reference.getGenNumber());
writer.writeString(off.substring(off.length() - 10, off.length())).writeSpace().
writeString(gen.substring(gen.length() - 5, gen.length())).writeSpace();
if (reference.isFree()) {
writer.writeBytes(freeXRefEntry);
} else {
writer.writeBytes(inUseXRefEntry);
}
}
}
PdfDictionary trailer = document.getTrailer();
// Remove all unused keys in case stamp mode in case original file has full compression, but destination file has not.
trailer.remove(PdfName.W);
trailer.remove(PdfName.Index);
trailer.remove(PdfName.Type);
trailer.remove(PdfName.Length);
trailer.put(PdfName.Size, new PdfNumber(this.size()));
trailer.put(PdfName.ID, fileId);
if (xRefStmPos != -1) {
trailer.put(PdfName.XRefStm, new PdfNumber(xRefStmPos));
}
if (crypto != null)
trailer.put(PdfName.Encrypt, crypto);
writer.writeString("trailer\n");
if (document.properties.appendMode) {
PdfNumber lastXref = new PdfNumber(document.reader.getLastXref());
trailer.put(PdfName.Prev, lastXref);
}
writer.write(document.getTrailer());
writer.write('\n');
}
writeKeyInfo(document);
writer.writeString("startxref\n").
writeLong(startxref).
writeString("\n%%EOF\n");
xref = null;
freeReferencesLinkedList.clear();
}
/**
* Change the state of the cross-reference table to mark that reading of the document
* was completed.
*/
void markReadingCompleted() {
readingCompleted = true;
}
/**
* Check if reading of the document was completed.
*
* @return true if reading was completed and false otherwise
*/
boolean isReadingCompleted() {
return readingCompleted;
}
/**
* Set up appropriate state for the free references list.
*
* @param pdfDocument is the current {@link PdfDocument document}
*/
void initFreeReferencesList(PdfDocument pdfDocument) {
freeReferencesLinkedList.clear();
// ensure zero object is free
xref[0].setState(PdfObject.FREE);
TreeSet freeReferences = new TreeSet<>();
for (int i = 1; i < size(); ++i) {
PdfIndirectReference ref = xref[i];
if (ref == null || ref.isFree()) {
freeReferences.add(i);
}
}
PdfIndirectReference prevFreeRef = xref[0];
while (!freeReferences.isEmpty()) {
int currFreeRefObjNr = -1;
if (prevFreeRef.getOffset() <= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
currFreeRefObjNr = (int) prevFreeRef.getOffset();
}
if (!freeReferences.contains(currFreeRefObjNr) || xref[currFreeRefObjNr] == null) {
break;
}
freeReferencesLinkedList.put(currFreeRefObjNr, prevFreeRef);
prevFreeRef = xref[currFreeRefObjNr];
freeReferences.remove(currFreeRefObjNr);
}
while (!freeReferences.isEmpty()) {
int next = freeReferences.pollFirst();
if (xref[next] == null) {
if (pdfDocument.properties.appendMode) {
continue;
}
xref[next] = (PdfIndirectReference) new PdfIndirectReference(pdfDocument, next, 0).setState(PdfObject.FREE).setState(PdfObject.MODIFIED);
} else if (xref[next].getGenNumber() == MAX_GENERATION && xref[next].getOffset() == 0) {
continue;
}
if (prevFreeRef.getOffset() != (long)next) {
((PdfIndirectReference) prevFreeRef.setState(PdfObject.MODIFIED)).setOffset(next);
}
freeReferencesLinkedList.put(next, prevFreeRef);
prevFreeRef = xref[next];
}
if (prevFreeRef.getOffset() != 0) {
((PdfIndirectReference) prevFreeRef.setState(PdfObject.MODIFIED)).setOffset(0);
}
freeReferencesLinkedList.put(0, prevFreeRef);
}
/**
* Method is used for object streams to avoid reuse existed references.
*
* @param document is the current {@link PdfDocument document}
* @return created indirect reference to the object stream
*/
PdfIndirectReference createNewIndirectReference(PdfDocument document) {
PdfIndirectReference reference = new PdfIndirectReference(document, ++count);
add(reference);
return (PdfIndirectReference) reference.setState(PdfObject.MODIFIED);
}
/**
* Clear the state of the cross-reference table.
*/
void clear() {
for (int i = 1; i <= count; i++) {
if (xref[i] != null && xref[i].isFree()) {
continue;
}
xref[i] = null;
}
count = 1;
}
private List createSections(PdfDocument document, boolean dropObjectsFromObjectStream) {
List sections = new ArrayList<>();
int first = 0;
int len = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
PdfIndirectReference reference = xref[i];
if (document.properties.appendMode && reference != null &&
(!reference.checkState(PdfObject.MODIFIED) || (dropObjectsFromObjectStream && reference.getObjStreamNumber() != 0))) {
reference = null;
}
if (reference == null) {
if (len > 0) {
sections.add(first);
sections.add(len);
}
len = 0;
} else {
if (len > 0) {
len++;
} else {
first = i;
len = 1;
}
}
}
if (len > 0) {
sections.add(first);
sections.add(len);
}
return sections;
}
/**
* Gets size of the offset. Max size is 2^40, i.e. 1 Tb.
*/
private int getOffsetSize(long startxref) {
assert startxref >= 0 && startxref < (1L << 40);
//initial size = 5 bytes. It is 1 Tb. Shall be enough.
int size = 5;
long mask = 0xff00000000L;
for (; size > 1; size--) {
if ((mask & startxref) != 0)
break;
// there is no need to use >>> because mask is positive
mask >>= 8;
}
return size;
}
private void appendNewRefToFreeList(PdfIndirectReference reference) {
reference.setOffset(0);
if (freeReferencesLinkedList.isEmpty()) {
assert false;
// free references list is not initialized yet
return;
}
PdfIndirectReference lastFreeRef = freeReferencesLinkedList.get(0);
((PdfIndirectReference) lastFreeRef.setState(PdfObject.MODIFIED)).setOffset(reference.getObjNumber());
freeReferencesLinkedList.put(reference.getObjNumber(), lastFreeRef);
freeReferencesLinkedList.put(0, reference);
}
/**
* Removes indirect reference from free references linked list.
* It does not removes it from xref table and affects only the linked list formed by offset values of free references.
* @param freeRefObjNr object number of the reference to be removed.
* Removes the free reference with the least object number if this parameter is less than zero:
* this could be used for finding the next free reference for reusing.
* @return {@link PdfIndirectReference} instance of the removed free reference corresponding to the object number
* passed as parameter. {@code null} - if given object number doesn't correspond to free reference or equals to zero.
*/
private PdfIndirectReference removeFreeRefFromList(int freeRefObjNr) {
if (freeReferencesLinkedList.isEmpty()) {
assert false;
// free references list is not initialized yet
return null;
}
if (freeRefObjNr == 0) {
return null;
}
if (freeRefObjNr < 0) {
Integer leastFreeRefObjNum = null;
for (Map.Entry entry : freeReferencesLinkedList.entrySet()) {
if (entry.getKey() <= 0 || xref[entry.getKey()].getGenNumber() >= MAX_GENERATION) {
continue;
}
leastFreeRefObjNum = entry.getKey();
break;
}
if (leastFreeRefObjNum == null) {
return null;
}
freeRefObjNr = (int)leastFreeRefObjNum;
}
PdfIndirectReference freeRef = xref[freeRefObjNr];
if (!freeRef.isFree()) {
return null;
}
PdfIndirectReference prevFreeRef = freeReferencesLinkedList.remove(freeRef.getObjNumber());
if (prevFreeRef != null) {
freeReferencesLinkedList.put((int) freeRef.getOffset(), prevFreeRef);
((PdfIndirectReference) prevFreeRef.setState(PdfObject.MODIFIED)).setOffset(freeRef.getOffset());
}
return freeRef;
}
private void ensureCount(int count) {
if (count >= xref.length) {
extendXref(count << 1);
}
}
private void extendXref(int capacity) {
if (this.memoryLimitsAwareHandler != null) {
this.memoryLimitsAwareHandler.checkIfXrefStructureExceedsTheLimit(capacity);
}
PdfIndirectReference[] newXref = new PdfIndirectReference[capacity];
System.arraycopy(this.xref, 0, newXref, 0, this.xref.length);
this.xref = newXref;
}
}
