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/*
This file is part of the iText (R) project.
Copyright (c) 1998-2024 Apryse Group NV
Authors: Apryse Software.
This program is offered under a commercial and under the AGPL license.
For commercial licensing, contact us at https://itextpdf.com/sales. For AGPL licensing, see below.
AGPL licensing:
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
along with this program. If not, see .
*/
package com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf;
import com.itextpdf.commons.utils.MessageFormatUtil;
import com.itextpdf.io.logs.IoLogMessageConstant;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.exceptions.KernelExceptionMessageConstant;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.exceptions.PdfException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Algorithm for construction {@link PdfPages} tree
*/
class PdfPagesTree {
static final int DEFAULT_LEAF_SIZE = 10;
private final int leafSize = DEFAULT_LEAF_SIZE;
private NullUnlimitedList pageRefs;
private List parents;
private NullUnlimitedList pages;
private PdfDocument document;
private boolean generated = false;
private PdfPages root;
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PdfPagesTree.class);
/**
* Creates a PdfPages tree.
*
* @param pdfCatalog a {@link PdfCatalog} which will be used to create the tree
*/
public PdfPagesTree(PdfCatalog pdfCatalog) {
this.document = pdfCatalog.getDocument();
this.pageRefs = new NullUnlimitedList<>();
this.parents = new ArrayList<>();
this.pages = new NullUnlimitedList<>();
if (pdfCatalog.getPdfObject().containsKey(PdfName.Pages)) {
PdfDictionary pages = pdfCatalog.getPdfObject().getAsDictionary(PdfName.Pages);
if (pages == null) {
throw new PdfException(
KernelExceptionMessageConstant.INVALID_PAGE_STRUCTURE_PAGES_MUST_BE_PDF_DICTIONARY);
}
this.root = new PdfPages(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE, pages, null);
parents.add(this.root);
for (int i = 0; i < this.root.getCount(); i++) {
this.pageRefs.add(null);
this.pages.add(null);
}
} else {
this.root = null;
this.parents.add(new PdfPages(0, this.document));
}
//in read mode we will create PdfPages from 0 to Count
// and reserve null indexes for pageRefs and pages.
}
/**
* Returns the {@link PdfPage} at the specified position in this list.
*
* @param pageNum one-based index of the element to return
*
* @return the {@link PdfPage} at the specified position in this list
*/
public PdfPage getPage(int pageNum) {
if (pageNum < 1 || pageNum > getNumberOfPages()) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(MessageFormatUtil.format(
KernelExceptionMessageConstant.REQUESTED_PAGE_NUMBER_IS_OUT_OF_BOUNDS, pageNum));
}
--pageNum;
PdfPage pdfPage = pages.get(pageNum);
if (pdfPage == null) {
loadPage(pageNum);
if (pageRefs.get(pageNum) != null) {
int parentIndex = findPageParent(pageNum);
PdfObject pageObject = pageRefs.get(pageNum).getRefersTo();
if (pageObject instanceof PdfDictionary) {
pdfPage = document.getPageFactory().createPdfPage((PdfDictionary) pageObject);
pdfPage.parentPages = parents.get(parentIndex);
} else {
LOGGER.error(
MessageFormatUtil.format(IoLogMessageConstant.PAGE_TREE_IS_BROKEN_FAILED_TO_RETRIEVE_PAGE,
pageNum + 1));
}
} else {
LOGGER.error(MessageFormatUtil.format(IoLogMessageConstant.PAGE_TREE_IS_BROKEN_FAILED_TO_RETRIEVE_PAGE,
pageNum + 1));
}
pages.set(pageNum, pdfPage);
}
if (pdfPage == null) {
throw new PdfException(
MessageFormatUtil.format(IoLogMessageConstant.PAGE_TREE_IS_BROKEN_FAILED_TO_RETRIEVE_PAGE,
pageNum + 1));
}
return pdfPage;
}
/**
* Returns the {@link PdfPage} by page's PdfDictionary.
*
* @param pageDictionary page's PdfDictionary
*
* @return the {@code PdfPage} object, that wraps {@code pageDictionary}.
*/
public PdfPage getPage(PdfDictionary pageDictionary) {
int pageNum = getPageNumber(pageDictionary);
if (pageNum > 0) {
return getPage(pageNum);
}
return null;
}
/**
* Gets total number of @see PdfPages.
*
* @return total number of pages
*/
public int getNumberOfPages() {
return pageRefs.size();
}
/**
* Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified page
* in this tree, or 0 if this tree does not contain the page.
*/
public int getPageNumber(PdfPage page) {
return pages.indexOf(page) + 1;
}
/**
* Returns the index of the first occurrence of the page in this tree
* specified by it's PdfDictionary, or 0 if this tree does not contain the page.
*/
public int getPageNumber(PdfDictionary pageDictionary) {
int pageNum = pageRefs.indexOf(pageDictionary.getIndirectReference());
if (pageNum >= 0) {
return pageNum + 1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < pageRefs.size(); i++) {
if (pageRefs.get(i) == null) {
loadPage(i);
}
if (pageRefs.get(i).equals(pageDictionary.getIndirectReference())) {
return i + 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
/**
* Appends the specified {@link PdfPage} to the end of this tree.
*
* @param pdfPage a {@link PdfPage} to be added
*/
public void addPage(PdfPage pdfPage) {
PdfPages pdfPages;
if (root != null) {
// in this case we save tree structure
if (pageRefs.size() == 0) {
pdfPages = root;
} else {
loadPage(pageRefs.size() - 1);
pdfPages = parents.get(parents.size() - 1);
}
} else {
pdfPages = parents.get(parents.size() - 1);
if (pdfPages.getCount() % leafSize == 0 && pageRefs.size() > 0) {
pdfPages = new PdfPages(pdfPages.getFrom() + pdfPages.getCount(), document);
parents.add(pdfPages);
}
}
pdfPage.makeIndirect(document);
pdfPages.addPage(pdfPage.getPdfObject());
pdfPage.parentPages = pdfPages;
pageRefs.add(pdfPage.getPdfObject().getIndirectReference());
pages.add(pdfPage);
}
/**
* Inserts {@link PdfPage} into specific one-based position.
*
* @param index one-base index of the page
* @param pdfPage {@link PdfPage} to insert.
*/
public void addPage(int index, PdfPage pdfPage) {
--index;
if (index > pageRefs.size()) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("index");
}
if (index == pageRefs.size()) {
addPage(pdfPage);
return;
}
loadPage(index);
pdfPage.makeIndirect(document);
int parentIndex = findPageParent(index);
PdfPages parentPages = parents.get(parentIndex);
parentPages.addPage(index, pdfPage);
pdfPage.parentPages = parentPages;
correctPdfPagesFromProperty(parentIndex + 1, +1);
pageRefs.add(index, pdfPage.getPdfObject().getIndirectReference());
pages.add(index, pdfPage);
}
/**
* Removes the page at the specified position in this tree.
* Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their
* indices).
*
* @param pageNum the one-based index of the PdfPage to be removed
*
* @return the page that was removed from the list
*/
public PdfPage removePage(int pageNum) {
PdfPage pdfPage = getPage(pageNum);
if (pdfPage.isFlushed()) {
LOGGER.warn(IoLogMessageConstant.REMOVING_PAGE_HAS_ALREADY_BEEN_FLUSHED);
}
if (internalRemovePage(--pageNum)) {
return pdfPage;
} else {
return null;
}
}
void releasePage(int pageNumber) {
--pageNumber;
if (pageRefs.get(pageNumber) != null && !pageRefs.get(pageNumber).checkState(PdfObject.FLUSHED)
&& !pageRefs.get(pageNumber).checkState(PdfObject.MODIFIED)
&& (pageRefs.get(pageNumber).getOffset() > 0 || pageRefs.get(pageNumber).getIndex() >= 0)) {
pages.set(pageNumber, null);
}
}
/**
* Generate PdfPages tree.
*
* @return root {@link PdfPages}
*
* @throws PdfException in case empty document
*/
protected PdfObject generateTree() {
if (pageRefs.size() == 0) {
LOGGER.info(IoLogMessageConstant.ATTEMPT_TO_GENERATE_PDF_PAGES_TREE_WITHOUT_ANY_PAGES);
document.addNewPage();
}
if (generated) {
throw new PdfException(KernelExceptionMessageConstant.PDF_PAGES_TREE_COULD_BE_GENERATED_ONLY_ONCE);
}
if (root == null) {
while (parents.size() != 1) {
List nextParents = new ArrayList<>();
//dynamicLeafSize helps to avoid PdfPages leaf with only one page
int dynamicLeafSize = leafSize;
PdfPages current = null;
for (int i = 0; i < parents.size(); i++) {
PdfPages pages = parents.get(i);
int pageCount = pages.getCount();
if (i % dynamicLeafSize == 0) {
if (pageCount <= 1) {
dynamicLeafSize++;
} else {
current = new PdfPages(-1, document);
nextParents.add(current);
dynamicLeafSize = leafSize;
}
}
current.addPages(pages);
}
parents = nextParents;
}
root = parents.get(0);
}
generated = true;
return root.getPdfObject();
}
protected void clearPageRefs() {
pageRefs = null;
pages = null;
}
protected List getParents() {
return parents;
}
protected PdfPages getRoot() {
return root;
}
protected PdfPages findPageParent(PdfPage pdfPage) {
int pageNum = getPageNumber(pdfPage) - 1;
int parentIndex = findPageParent(pageNum);
return parents.get(parentIndex);
}
private void loadPage(int pageNum) {
loadPage(pageNum, new HashSet<>());
}
/**
* Load page from pages tree node structure
*
* @param pageNum page number to load
* @param processedParents set with already processed parents object reference numbers
* if this method was called recursively to avoid infinite recursion.
*/
private void loadPage(int pageNum, Set processedParents) {
PdfIndirectReference targetPage = pageRefs.get(pageNum);
if (targetPage != null) {
return;
}
//if we go here, we have to split PdfPages that contains pageNum
int parentIndex = findPageParent(pageNum);
PdfPages parent = parents.get(parentIndex);
PdfIndirectReference parentIndirectReference = parent.getPdfObject().getIndirectReference();
if (parentIndirectReference != null) {
if (processedParents.contains(parentIndirectReference)) {
throw new PdfException(KernelExceptionMessageConstant.INVALID_PAGE_STRUCTURE)
.setMessageParams(pageNum + 1);
} else {
processedParents.add(parentIndirectReference);
}
}
PdfArray kids = parent.getKids();
if (kids == null) {
throw new PdfException(KernelExceptionMessageConstant.INVALID_PAGE_STRUCTURE).setMessageParams(pageNum + 1);
}
int kidsCount = parent.getCount();
// we should handle separated pages, it means every PdfArray kids must contain either PdfPage or PdfPages,
// mix of PdfPage and PdfPages not allowed.
boolean findPdfPages = false;
// NOTE optimization? when we already found needed index
for (int i = 0; i < kids.size(); i++) {
PdfDictionary page = kids.getAsDictionary(i);
// null values not allowed in pages tree.
if (page == null) {
throw new PdfException(KernelExceptionMessageConstant.INVALID_PAGE_STRUCTURE)
.setMessageParams(pageNum + 1);
}
PdfObject pageKids = page.get(PdfName.Kids);
if (pageKids != null) {
if (pageKids.isArray()) {
findPdfPages = true;
} else {
// kids must be of type array
throw new PdfException(KernelExceptionMessageConstant.INVALID_PAGE_STRUCTURE)
.setMessageParams(pageNum + 1);
}
}
if (document.getReader().isMemorySavingMode() && !findPdfPages && parent.getFrom() + i != pageNum) {
page.release();
}
}
if (findPdfPages) {
// handle mix of PdfPage and PdfPages.
// handle count property!
List newParents = new ArrayList<>(kids.size());
PdfPages lastPdfPages = null;
for (int i = 0; i < kids.size() && kidsCount > 0; i++) {
/*
* We don't release pdfPagesObject in the end of each loop because we enter this for-cycle only when
* parent has PdfPages kids.
* If all of the kids are PdfPages, then there's nothing to release, because we don't release
* PdfPages at this point.
* If there are kids that are instances of PdfPage, then there's no sense in releasing them:
* in this case ParentTreeStructure is being rebuilt by inserting an intermediate PdfPages between
* the parent and a PdfPage,
* thus modifying the page object by resetting its parent, thus making it impossible to release the
* object.
*/
PdfDictionary pdfPagesObject = kids.getAsDictionary(i);
if (pdfPagesObject.getAsArray(PdfName.Kids) == null) {
// pdfPagesObject is PdfPage
// possible if only first kid is PdfPage
if (lastPdfPages == null) {
lastPdfPages = new PdfPages(parent.getFrom(), document, parent);
kids.set(i, lastPdfPages.getPdfObject());
newParents.add(lastPdfPages);
} else {
// Only remove from kids if we did not replace the entry with new PdfPages
kids.remove(i);
i--;
}
// decrement count first so that page is not counted twice when moved to lastPdfPages
parent.decrementCount();
lastPdfPages.addPage(pdfPagesObject);
kidsCount--;
} else {
// pdfPagesObject is PdfPages
int from = lastPdfPages == null
? parent.getFrom()
: lastPdfPages.getFrom() + lastPdfPages.getCount();
lastPdfPages = new PdfPages(from, kidsCount, pdfPagesObject, parent);
newParents.add(lastPdfPages);
kidsCount -= lastPdfPages.getCount();
}
}
parents.remove(parentIndex);
for (int i = newParents.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
parents.add(parentIndex, newParents.get(i));
}
// recursive call, to load needed pageRef.
// NOTE optimization? add to loadPage startParentIndex.
loadPage(pageNum, processedParents);
} else {
int from = parent.getFrom();
// NOTE optimization? when we already found needed index
final int pageCount = Math.min(parent.getCount(), kids.size());
for (int i = 0; i < pageCount; i++) {
PdfObject kid = kids.get(i, false);
if (kid instanceof PdfIndirectReference) {
pageRefs.set(from + i, (PdfIndirectReference) kid);
} else {
pageRefs.set(from + i, kid.getIndirectReference());
}
}
}
}
// zero-based index
private boolean internalRemovePage(int pageNum) {
int parentIndex = findPageParent(pageNum);
PdfPages pdfPages = parents.get(parentIndex);
if (pdfPages.removePage(pageNum)) {
if (pdfPages.getCount() == 0) {
parents.remove(parentIndex);
pdfPages.removeFromParent();
--parentIndex;
}
if (parents.size() == 0) {
root = null;
parents.add(new PdfPages(0, document));
} else {
correctPdfPagesFromProperty(parentIndex + 1, -1);
}
pageRefs.remove(pageNum);
pages.remove(pageNum);
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
// zero-based index
private int findPageParent(int pageNum) {
int low = 0;
int high = parents.size() - 1;
while (low != high) {
int middle = (low + high + 1) / 2;
if (parents.get(middle).compareTo(pageNum) > 0) {
high = middle - 1;
} else {
low = middle;
}
}
return low;
}
private void correctPdfPagesFromProperty(int index, int correction) {
for (int i = index; i < parents.size(); i++) {
if (parents.get(i) != null) {
parents.get(i).correctFrom(correction);
}
}
}
/**
* The class represents a list which allows null elements, but doesn't allocate a memory for them, in the rest of
* cases it behaves like usual {@link ArrayList} and should have the same complexity (because keys are unique
* integers, so collisions are impossible). Class doesn't implement {@code List} interface because it provides
* only methods which are in use in {@link PdfPagesTree} class.
*
* @param elements of the list
*/
static final class NullUnlimitedList {
private final Map map = new HashMap<>();
private int size = 0;
// O(1)
public void add(T element) {
if (element == null) {
size++;
return;
}
map.put(size++, element);
}
// In worth scenario O(n^2) but it is mostly impossible because keys shouldn't have
// collisions at all (they are integers). So in average should be O(n).
public void add(int index, T element) {
if (index < 0 || index > size) {
return;
}
size++;
// Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any
// subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
T previous = map.get(index);
for (int i = index + 1; i < size; i++) {
T currentToAdd = previous;
previous = map.get(i);
this.set(i, currentToAdd);
}
this.set(index, element);
}
// average O(1), worth O(n) (mostly impossible in case when keys are integers)
public T get(int index) {
return map.get(index);
}
// average O(1), worth O(n) (mostly impossible in case when keys are integers)
public void set(int index, T element) {
if (element == null) {
map.remove(index);
} else {
map.put(index, element);
}
}
// O(n)
public int indexOf(T element) {
if (element == null) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
if (!map.containsKey(i)) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) {
if (element.equals(entry.getValue())) {
return entry.getKey();
}
}
return -1;
}
// In worth scenario O(n^2) but it is mostly impossible because keys shouldn't have
// collisions at all (they are integers). So in average should be O(n).
public void remove(int index) {
if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
return;
}
map.remove(index);
// Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their indices).
T previous = map.get(size - 1);
for (int i = size - 2; i >= index; i--) {
T current = previous;
previous = map.get(i);
this.set(i, current);
}
map.remove(--size);
}
// O(1)
public int size() {
return size;
}
}
}
