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/*
 * Copyright 2017-2022 John Snow Labs
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.embeddings

import com.johnsnowlabs.ml.tensorflow._
import com.johnsnowlabs.ml.util.LoadExternalModel.{
  loadTextAsset,
  modelSanityCheck,
  notSupportedEngineError
}
import com.johnsnowlabs.ml.util.ModelEngine
import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp._
import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.annotators.common._
import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.annotators.tokenizer.bpe.BpeTokenizer
import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.serialization.MapFeature
import com.johnsnowlabs.storage.HasStorageRef
import org.apache.spark.broadcast.Broadcast
import org.apache.spark.ml.param.{IntArrayParam, IntParam}
import org.apache.spark.ml.util.Identifiable
import org.apache.spark.sql.{DataFrame, SparkSession}

/** Longformer is a transformer model for long documents. The Longformer model was presented in
  * [[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.05150.pdf Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer]] by Iz
  * Beltagy, Matthew E. Peters, Arman Cohan. longformer-base-4096 is a BERT-like model started
  * from the RoBERTa checkpoint and pretrained for MLM on long documents. It supports sequences of
  * length up to 4,096.
  *
  * Pretrained models can be loaded with `pretrained` of the companion object:
  * {{{
  * val embeddings = LongformerEmbeddings.pretrained()
  *   .setInputCols("document", "token")
  *   .setOutputCol("embeddings")
  * }}}
  * The default model is `"longformer_base_4096"`, if no name is provided. For available
  * pretrained models please see the
  * [[https://nlp.johnsnowlabs.com/models?task=Embeddings Models Hub]].
  *
  * For some examples of usage, see
  * [[https://github.com/JohnSnowLabs/spark-nlp/tree/master/src/test/scala/com/johnsnowlabs/nlp/embeddings/LongformerEmbeddingsTestSpec.scala LongformerEmbeddingsTestSpec]].
  * To see which models are compatible and how to import them see
  * [[https://github.com/JohnSnowLabs/spark-nlp/discussions/5669]].
  *
  * '''Paper Abstract:'''
  *
  * ''Transformer-based models are unable to process long sequences due to their self-attention
  * operation, which scales quadratically with the sequence length. To address this limitation, we
  * introduce the Longformer with an attention mechanism that scales linearly with sequence
  * length, making it easy to process documents of thousands of tokens or longer. Longformer's
  * attention mechanism is a drop-in replacement for the standard self-attention and combines a
  * local windowed attention with a task motivated global attention. Following prior work on
  * long-sequence transformers, we evaluate Longformer on character-level language modeling and
  * achieve state-of-the-art results on text8 and enwik8. In contrast to most prior work, we also
  * pretrain Longformer and finetune it on a variety of downstream tasks. Our pretrained
  * Longformer consistently outperforms RoBERTa on long document tasks and sets new
  * state-of-the-art results on WikiHop and TriviaQA. We finally introduce the
  * Longformer-Encoder-Decoder (LED), a Longformer variant for supporting long document generative
  * sequence-to-sequence tasks, and demonstrate its effectiveness on the arXiv summarization
  * dataset.''
  *
  * The original code can be found ```here``` [[https://github.com/allenai/longformer]].
  *
  * ==Example==
  * {{{
  * import spark.implicits._
  * import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.base._
  * import com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.annotator._
  * import org.apache.spark.ml.Pipeline
  *
  * val documentAssembler = new DocumentAssembler()
  *   .setInputCol("text")
  *   .setOutputCol("document")
  *
  * val tokenizer = new Tokenizer()
  *   .setInputCols(Array("document"))
  *   .setOutputCol("token")
  *
  * val embeddings = LongformerEmbeddings.pretrained()
  *   .setInputCols("document", "token")
  *   .setOutputCol("embeddings")
  *   .setCaseSensitive(true)
  *
  * val embeddingsFinisher = new EmbeddingsFinisher()
  *   .setInputCols("embeddings")
  *   .setOutputCols("finished_embeddings")
  *   .setOutputAsVector(true)
  *   .setCleanAnnotations(false)
  *
  * val pipeline = new Pipeline()
  *   .setStages(Array(
  *     documentAssembler,
  *     tokenizer,
  *     embeddings,
  *     embeddingsFinisher
  *   ))
  *
  * val data = Seq("This is a sentence.").toDF("text")
  * val result = pipeline.fit(data).transform(data)
  *
  * result.selectExpr("explode(finished_embeddings) as result").show(5, 80)
  * +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  * |                                                                          result|
  * +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  * |[0.18792399764060974,-0.14591649174690247,0.20547787845134735,0.1468472778797...|
  * |[0.22845706343650818,0.18073144555091858,0.09725798666477203,-0.0417917296290...|
  * |[0.07037967443466187,-0.14801117777824402,-0.03603338822722435,-0.17893412709...|
  * |[-0.08734266459941864,0.2486150562763214,-0.009067727252840996,-0.24408400058...|
  * |[0.22409197688102722,-0.4312366545200348,0.1401449590921402,0.356410235166549...|
  * +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  * }}}
  *
  * @see
  *   [[com.johnsnowlabs.nlp.annotators.classifier.dl.LongformerForTokenClassification LongformerForTokenClassification]]
  *   for Longformer embeddings with a token classification layer on top
  * @see
  *   [[https://nlp.johnsnowlabs.com/docs/en/annotators Annotators Main Page]] for a list of
  *   transformer based embeddings
  * @groupname anno Annotator types
  * @groupdesc anno
  *   Required input and expected output annotator types
  * @groupname Ungrouped Members
  * @groupname param Parameters
  * @groupname setParam Parameter setters
  * @groupname getParam Parameter getters
  * @groupname Ungrouped Members
  * @groupprio param  1
  * @groupprio anno  2
  * @groupprio Ungrouped 3
  * @groupprio setParam  4
  * @groupprio getParam  5
  * @groupdesc param
  *   A list of (hyper-)parameter keys this annotator can take. Users can set and get the
  *   parameter values through setters and getters, respectively.
  */
class LongformerEmbeddings(override val uid: String)
    extends AnnotatorModel[LongformerEmbeddings]
    with HasBatchedAnnotate[LongformerEmbeddings]
    with WriteTensorflowModel
    with HasEmbeddingsProperties
    with HasStorageRef
    with HasCaseSensitiveProperties
    with HasEngine {

  /** Annotator reference id. Used to identify elements in metadata or to refer to this annotator
    * type
    */
  def this() = this(Identifiable.randomUID("LONGFORMER_EMBEDDINGS"))

  def sentenceStartTokenId: Int = {
    $$(vocabulary)("")
  }

  def sentenceEndTokenId: Int = {
    $$(vocabulary)("")
  }

  def padTokenId: Int = {
    $$(vocabulary)("")
  }

  /** Vocabulary used to encode the words to ids with bpeTokenizer.encode
    *
    * @group param
    */
  val vocabulary: MapFeature[String, Int] = new MapFeature(this, "vocabulary")

  /** @group setParam */
  def setVocabulary(value: Map[String, Int]): this.type = set(vocabulary, value)

  /** Holding merges.txt coming from Longformer model
    *
    * @group param
    */
  val merges: MapFeature[(String, String), Int] = new MapFeature(this, "merges")

  /** @group setParam */
  def setMerges(value: Map[(String, String), Int]): this.type = set(merges, value)

  /** ConfigProto from tensorflow, serialized into byte array. Get with
    * config_proto.SerializeToString()
    *
    * @group param
    */
  val configProtoBytes = new IntArrayParam(
    this,
    "configProtoBytes",
    "ConfigProto from tensorflow, serialized into byte array. Get with config_proto.SerializeToString()")

  /** @group setParam */
  def setConfigProtoBytes(bytes: Array[Int]): LongformerEmbeddings.this.type =
    set(this.configProtoBytes, bytes)

  /** @group getParam */
  def getConfigProtoBytes: Option[Array[Byte]] = get(this.configProtoBytes).map(_.map(_.toByte))

  /** Max sentence length to process (Default: `128`)
    *
    * @group param
    */
  val maxSentenceLength =
    new IntParam(this, "maxSentenceLength", "Max sentence length to process")

  /** @group setParam */
  def setMaxSentenceLength(value: Int): this.type = {
    require(
      value <= 4096,
      "Longformer models do not support sequences longer than 4096 because of trainable positional embeddings.")
    require(value >= 1, "The maxSentenceLength must be at least 1")
    set(maxSentenceLength, value)
    this
  }

  /** @group getParam */
  def getMaxSentenceLength: Int = $(maxSentenceLength)

  /** It contains TF model signatures for the laded saved model
    *
    * @group param
    */
  val signatures = new MapFeature[String, String](model = this, name = "signatures")

  /** @group setParam */
  def setSignatures(value: Map[String, String]): this.type = {
    if (get(signatures).isEmpty)
      set(signatures, value)
    this
  }

  /** @group getParam */
  def getSignatures: Option[Map[String, String]] = get(this.signatures)

  private var _model: Option[Broadcast[TensorflowRoBerta]] = None

  /** @group setParam */
  def setModelIfNotSet(
      spark: SparkSession,
      tensorflowWrapper: TensorflowWrapper): LongformerEmbeddings = {
    if (_model.isEmpty) {
      _model = Some(
        spark.sparkContext.broadcast(
          new TensorflowRoBerta(
            tensorflowWrapper,
            sentenceStartTokenId,
            sentenceEndTokenId,
            padTokenId,
            configProtoBytes = getConfigProtoBytes,
            signatures = getSignatures)))
    }

    this
  }

  /** @group getParam */
  def getModelIfNotSet: TensorflowRoBerta = _model.get.value

  /** Set Embeddings dimensions for the RoBERTa model. Only possible to set this when the first
    * time is saved dimension is not changeable, it comes from RoBERTa config file.
    *
    * @group setParam
    */
  override def setDimension(value: Int): this.type = {
    if (get(dimension).isEmpty)
      set(this.dimension, value)
    this
  }

  /** Whether to lowercase tokens or not
    *
    * @group setParam
    */
  override def setCaseSensitive(value: Boolean): this.type = {
    if (get(caseSensitive).isEmpty)
      set(this.caseSensitive, value)
    this
  }

  setDefault(dimension -> 768, batchSize -> 4, maxSentenceLength -> 1024, caseSensitive -> true)

  def tokenizeWithAlignment(tokens: Seq[TokenizedSentence]): Seq[WordpieceTokenizedSentence] = {

    val bpeTokenizer = BpeTokenizer.forModel(
      "roberta",
      merges = $$(merges),
      vocab = $$(vocabulary),
      padWithSentenceTokens = false)

    tokens.map { tokenIndex =>
      // filter empty and only whitespace tokens
      val bertTokens =
        tokenIndex.indexedTokens.filter(x => x.token.nonEmpty && !x.token.equals(" ")).map {
          token =>
            val content = if ($(caseSensitive)) token.token else token.token.toLowerCase()
            val sentenceBegin = token.begin
            val sentenceEnd = token.end
            val sentenceIndex = tokenIndex.sentenceIndex
            val result =
              bpeTokenizer.tokenize(Sentence(content, sentenceBegin, sentenceEnd, sentenceIndex))
            if (result.nonEmpty) result.head else IndexedToken("")
        }
      val wordpieceTokens =
        bertTokens.flatMap(token => bpeTokenizer.encode(token)).take($(maxSentenceLength))
      WordpieceTokenizedSentence(wordpieceTokens)
    }
  }

  /** takes a document and annotations and produces new annotations of this annotator's annotation
    * type
    *
    * @param batchedAnnotations
    *   Annotations that correspond to inputAnnotationCols generated by previous annotators if any
    * @return
    *   any number of annotations processed for every input annotation. Not necessary one to one
    *   relationship
    */
  override def batchAnnotate(batchedAnnotations: Seq[Array[Annotation]]): Seq[Seq[Annotation]] = {
    // Unpack annotations and zip each sentence to the index or the row it belongs to
    val sentencesWithRow = batchedAnnotations.zipWithIndex
      .flatMap { case (annotations, i) =>
        TokenizedWithSentence.unpack(annotations).toArray.map(x => (x, i))
      }

    // Tokenize sentences
    val tokenizedSentences = tokenizeWithAlignment(sentencesWithRow.map(_._1))

    // Process all sentences
    val sentenceWordEmbeddings = getModelIfNotSet.predict(
      tokenizedSentences,
      sentencesWithRow.map(_._1),
      $(batchSize),
      $(maxSentenceLength),
      $(caseSensitive))

    // Group resulting annotations by rows. If there are not sentences in a given row, return empty sequence
    batchedAnnotations.indices.map(rowIndex => {
      val rowEmbeddings = sentenceWordEmbeddings
        // zip each annotation with its corresponding row index
        .zip(sentencesWithRow)
        // select the sentences belonging to the current row
        .filter(_._2._2 == rowIndex)
        // leave the annotation only
        .map(_._1)

      if (rowEmbeddings.nonEmpty)
        WordpieceEmbeddingsSentence.pack(rowEmbeddings)
      else
        Seq.empty[Annotation]
    })
  }

  override protected def afterAnnotate(dataset: DataFrame): DataFrame = {
    dataset.withColumn(
      getOutputCol,
      wrapEmbeddingsMetadata(dataset.col(getOutputCol), $(dimension), Some($(storageRef))))
  }

  /** Input Annotator Types: DOCUMENT, TOKEN
    *
    * @group anno
    */
  override val inputAnnotatorTypes: Array[String] =
    Array(AnnotatorType.DOCUMENT, AnnotatorType.TOKEN)

  /** Output Annotator Types: WORD_EMBEDDINGS
    *
    * @group anno
    */
  override val outputAnnotatorType: AnnotatorType = AnnotatorType.WORD_EMBEDDINGS

  override def onWrite(path: String, spark: SparkSession): Unit = {
    super.onWrite(path, spark)
    writeTensorflowModelV2(
      path,
      spark,
      getModelIfNotSet.tensorflowWrapper,
      "_longformer",
      LongformerEmbeddings.tfFile,
      configProtoBytes = getConfigProtoBytes)
  }

}

trait ReadablePretrainedLongformerModel
    extends ParamsAndFeaturesReadable[LongformerEmbeddings]
    with HasPretrained[LongformerEmbeddings] {
  override val defaultModelName: Some[String] = Some("longformer_base_4096")

  /** Java compliant-overrides */
  override def pretrained(): LongformerEmbeddings = super.pretrained()

  override def pretrained(name: String): LongformerEmbeddings = super.pretrained(name)

  override def pretrained(name: String, lang: String): LongformerEmbeddings =
    super.pretrained(name, lang)

  override def pretrained(name: String, lang: String, remoteLoc: String): LongformerEmbeddings =
    super.pretrained(name, lang, remoteLoc)
}

trait ReadLongformerTensorflowModel extends ReadTensorflowModel {
  this: ParamsAndFeaturesReadable[LongformerEmbeddings] =>

  override val tfFile: String = "longformer_tensorflow"

  def readTensorflow(instance: LongformerEmbeddings, path: String, spark: SparkSession): Unit = {

    val tf = readTensorflowModel(path, spark, "_longformer_tf", initAllTables = false)
    instance.setModelIfNotSet(spark, tf)
  }

  addReader(readTensorflow)

  def loadSavedModel(modelPath: String, spark: SparkSession): LongformerEmbeddings = {

    val (localModelPath, detectedEngine) = modelSanityCheck(modelPath)

    val vocabs = loadTextAsset(localModelPath, "vocab.txt").zipWithIndex.toMap

    val bytePairs = loadTextAsset(localModelPath, "merges.txt")
      .map(_.split(" "))
      .filter(w => w.length == 2)
      .map { case Array(c1, c2) => (c1, c2) }
      .zipWithIndex
      .toMap

    /*Universal parameters for all engines*/
    val annotatorModel = new LongformerEmbeddings()
      .setVocabulary(vocabs)
      .setMerges(bytePairs)

    annotatorModel.set(annotatorModel.engine, detectedEngine)

    detectedEngine match {
      case ModelEngine.tensorflow =>
        val (wrapper, signatures) =
          TensorflowWrapper.read(localModelPath, zipped = false, useBundle = true)

        val _signatures = signatures match {
          case Some(s) => s
          case None => throw new Exception("Cannot load signature definitions from model!")
        }

        /** the order of setSignatures is important if we use getSignatures inside
          * setModelIfNotSet
          */
        annotatorModel
          .setSignatures(_signatures)
          .setModelIfNotSet(spark, wrapper)

      case _ =>
        throw new Exception(notSupportedEngineError)
    }

    annotatorModel
  }
}

/** This is the companion object of [[LongformerEmbeddings]]. Please refer to that class for the
  * documentation.
  */
object LongformerEmbeddings
    extends ReadablePretrainedLongformerModel
    with ReadLongformerTensorflowModel




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