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package com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.HashMap;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.SerializableString;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.io.SerializedString;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JacksonStdImpl;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.introspect.*;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsonFormatVisitors.JsonObjectFormatVisitor;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsonschema.SchemaAware;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsontype.TypeSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.impl.PropertySerializerMap;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.impl.UnwrappingBeanPropertyWriter;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.BeanSerializerBase;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.util.Annotations;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.util.ClassUtil;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.util.NameTransformer;

/**
 * Base bean property handler class, which implements common parts of
 * reflection-based functionality for accessing a property value and serializing
 * it.
 * 

* Note that current design tries to keep instances immutable (semi-functional * style); mostly because these instances are exposed to application code and * this is to reduce likelihood of data corruption and synchronization issues. */ @JacksonStdImpl // since 2.6. NOTE: sub-classes typically are not public class BeanPropertyWriter extends PropertyWriter // which extends // `ConcreteBeanPropertyBase` implements java.io.Serializable // since 2.6 { // As of 2.7 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; /** * Marker object used to indicate "do not serialize if empty" */ public final static Object MARKER_FOR_EMPTY = JsonInclude.Include.NON_EMPTY; /* /*********************************************************** /* Basic property metadata: name, type, other /*********************************************************** */ /** * Logical name of the property; will be used as the field name under which * value for the property is written. *

* NOTE: do NOT change name of this field; it is accessed by Afterburner * module (until 2.4; not directly from 2.5) ALSO NOTE: ... and while it * really ought to be `SerializableString`, changing that is also * binary-incompatible change. So nope. */ protected final SerializedString _name; /** * Wrapper name to use for this element, if any * * @since 2.2 */ protected final PropertyName _wrapperName; /** * Type property is declared to have, either in class definition or * associated annotations. */ protected final JavaType _declaredType; /** * Type to use for locating serializer; normally same as return type of the * accessor method, but may be overridden by annotations. */ protected final JavaType _cfgSerializationType; /** * Base type of the property, if the declared type is "non-trivial"; meaning * it is either a structured type (collection, map, array), or * parameterized. Used to retain type information about contained type, * which is mostly necessary if type meta-data is to be included. */ protected JavaType _nonTrivialBaseType; /** * Annotations from context (most often, class that declares property, or in * case of sub-class serializer, from that sub-class) *

* NOTE: transient just to support JDK serializability; Annotations do not * serialize. At all. */ protected final transient Annotations _contextAnnotations; /* /*********************************************************** /* Settings for accessing property value to serialize /*********************************************************** */ /** * Member (field, method) that represents property and allows access to * associated annotations. */ protected final AnnotatedMember _member; /** * Accessor method used to get property value, for method-accessible * properties. Null if and only if {@link #_field} is null. *

* `transient` (and non-final) only to support JDK serializability. */ protected transient Method _accessorMethod; /** * Field that contains the property value for field-accessible properties. * Null if and only if {@link #_accessorMethod} is null. *

* `transient` (and non-final) only to support JDK serializability. */ protected transient Field _field; /* /*********************************************************** /* Serializers needed /*********************************************************** */ /** * Serializer to use for writing out the value: null if it cannot be known * statically; non-null if it can. */ protected JsonSerializer _serializer; /** * Serializer used for writing out null values, if any: if null, null values * are to be suppressed. */ protected JsonSerializer _nullSerializer; /** * If property being serialized needs type information to be included this * is the type serializer to use. Declared type (possibly augmented with * annotations) of property is used for determining exact mechanism to use * (compared to actual runtime type used for serializing actual state). */ protected TypeSerializer _typeSerializer; /** * In case serializer is not known statically (i.e. _serializer * is null), we will use a lookup structure for storing dynamically resolved * mapping from type(s) to serializer(s). */ protected transient PropertySerializerMap _dynamicSerializers; /* /*********************************************************** /* Filtering /*********************************************************** */ /** * Whether null values are to be suppressed (nothing written out if value is * null) or not. Note that this is a configuration value during * construction, and actual handling relies on setting (or not) of * {@link #_nullSerializer}. */ protected final boolean _suppressNulls; /** * Value that is considered default value of the property; used for * default-value-suppression if enabled. */ protected final Object _suppressableValue; /** * Alternate set of property writers used when view-based filtering is * available for the Bean. */ protected final Class[] _includeInViews; /* /********************************************************** /* Opaqueinternal data that bean serializer factory and /* bean serializers can add. /********************************************************** */ protected transient HashMap _internalSettings; /* /*********************************************************** /* Construction, configuration /*********************************************************** */ /** * @since 2.9 (added `includeInViews` since 2.8) */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public BeanPropertyWriter(BeanPropertyDefinition propDef, AnnotatedMember member, Annotations contextAnnotations, JavaType declaredType, JsonSerializer ser, TypeSerializer typeSer, JavaType serType, boolean suppressNulls, Object suppressableValue, Class[] includeInViews) { super(propDef); _member = member; _contextAnnotations = contextAnnotations; _name = new SerializedString(propDef.getName()); _wrapperName = propDef.getWrapperName(); _declaredType = declaredType; _serializer = (JsonSerializer) ser; _dynamicSerializers = (ser == null) ? PropertySerializerMap .emptyForProperties() : null; _typeSerializer = typeSer; _cfgSerializationType = serType; if (member instanceof AnnotatedField) { _accessorMethod = null; _field = (Field) member.getMember(); } else if (member instanceof AnnotatedMethod) { _accessorMethod = (Method) member.getMember(); _field = null; } else { // 01-Dec-2014, tatu: Used to be illegal, but now explicitly allowed // for virtual props _accessorMethod = null; _field = null; } _suppressNulls = suppressNulls; _suppressableValue = suppressableValue; // this will be resolved later on, unless nulls are to be suppressed _nullSerializer = null; _includeInViews = includeInViews; } @Deprecated // Since 2.9 public BeanPropertyWriter(BeanPropertyDefinition propDef, AnnotatedMember member, Annotations contextAnnotations, JavaType declaredType, JsonSerializer ser, TypeSerializer typeSer, JavaType serType, boolean suppressNulls, Object suppressableValue) { this(propDef, member, contextAnnotations, declaredType, ser, typeSer, serType, suppressNulls, suppressableValue, null); } /** * Constructor that may be of use to virtual properties, when there is need * for the zero-arg ("default") constructor, and actual initialization is * done after constructor call. * * @since 2.5 */ protected BeanPropertyWriter() { super(PropertyMetadata.STD_REQUIRED_OR_OPTIONAL); _member = null; _contextAnnotations = null; _name = null; _wrapperName = null; _includeInViews = null; _declaredType = null; _serializer = null; _dynamicSerializers = null; _typeSerializer = null; _cfgSerializationType = null; _accessorMethod = null; _field = null; _suppressNulls = false; _suppressableValue = null; _nullSerializer = null; } /** * "Copy constructor" to be used by filtering sub-classes */ protected BeanPropertyWriter(BeanPropertyWriter base) { this(base, base._name); } /** * @since 2.5 */ protected BeanPropertyWriter(BeanPropertyWriter base, PropertyName name) { super(base); /* * 02-Dec-2014, tatu: This is a big mess, alas, what with dependency to * MapperConfig to encode, and Afterburner having heartburn for * SerializableString (vs SerializedString). Hope it can be * resolved/reworked in 2.6 timeframe, if not for 2.5 */ _name = new SerializedString(name.getSimpleName()); _wrapperName = base._wrapperName; _contextAnnotations = base._contextAnnotations; _declaredType = base._declaredType; _member = base._member; _accessorMethod = base._accessorMethod; _field = base._field; _serializer = base._serializer; _nullSerializer = base._nullSerializer; // one more thing: copy internal settings, if any if (base._internalSettings != null) { _internalSettings = new HashMap( base._internalSettings); } _cfgSerializationType = base._cfgSerializationType; _dynamicSerializers = base._dynamicSerializers; _suppressNulls = base._suppressNulls; _suppressableValue = base._suppressableValue; _includeInViews = base._includeInViews; _typeSerializer = base._typeSerializer; _nonTrivialBaseType = base._nonTrivialBaseType; } protected BeanPropertyWriter(BeanPropertyWriter base, SerializedString name) { super(base); _name = name; _wrapperName = base._wrapperName; _member = base._member; _contextAnnotations = base._contextAnnotations; _declaredType = base._declaredType; _accessorMethod = base._accessorMethod; _field = base._field; _serializer = base._serializer; _nullSerializer = base._nullSerializer; if (base._internalSettings != null) { _internalSettings = new HashMap( base._internalSettings); } _cfgSerializationType = base._cfgSerializationType; _dynamicSerializers = base._dynamicSerializers; _suppressNulls = base._suppressNulls; _suppressableValue = base._suppressableValue; _includeInViews = base._includeInViews; _typeSerializer = base._typeSerializer; _nonTrivialBaseType = base._nonTrivialBaseType; } public BeanPropertyWriter rename(NameTransformer transformer) { String newName = transformer.transform(_name.getValue()); if (newName.equals(_name.toString())) { return this; } return _new(PropertyName.construct(newName)); } /** * Overridable factory method used by sub-classes * * @since 2.6 */ protected BeanPropertyWriter _new(PropertyName newName) { return new BeanPropertyWriter(this, newName); } /** * Method called to set, reset or clear the configured type serializer for * property. * * @since 2.6 */ public void assignTypeSerializer(TypeSerializer typeSer) { _typeSerializer = typeSer; } /** * Method called to assign value serializer for property */ public void assignSerializer(JsonSerializer ser) { // may need to disable check in future? if ((_serializer != null) && (_serializer != ser)) { throw new IllegalStateException(String.format( "Cannot override _serializer: had a %s, trying to set to %s", ClassUtil.classNameOf(_serializer), ClassUtil.classNameOf(ser))); } _serializer = ser; } /** * Method called to assign null value serializer for property */ public void assignNullSerializer(JsonSerializer nullSer) { // may need to disable check in future? if ((_nullSerializer != null) && (_nullSerializer != nullSer)) { throw new IllegalStateException(String.format( "Cannot override _nullSerializer: had a %s, trying to set to %s", ClassUtil.classNameOf(_nullSerializer), ClassUtil.classNameOf(nullSer))); } _nullSerializer = nullSer; } /** * Method called create an instance that handles details of unwrapping * contained value. */ public BeanPropertyWriter unwrappingWriter(NameTransformer unwrapper) { return new UnwrappingBeanPropertyWriter(this, unwrapper); } /** * Method called to define type to consider as "non-trivial" basetype, * needed for dynamic serialization resolution for complex (usually * container) types */ public void setNonTrivialBaseType(JavaType t) { _nonTrivialBaseType = t; } /** * Method called to ensure that the mutator has proper access rights to * be called, as per configuration. Overridden by implementations that * have mutators that require access, fields and setters. * * @since 2.8.3 */ public void fixAccess(SerializationConfig config) { _member.fixAccess(config.isEnabled(MapperFeature.OVERRIDE_PUBLIC_ACCESS_MODIFIERS)); } /* /*********************************************************** /* JDK Serializability /*********************************************************** */ /* * Ideally would not require mutable state, and instead would re-create with * final settings. However, as things are, with sub-types and all, simplest * to just change Field/Method value directly. */ Object readResolve() { if (_member instanceof AnnotatedField) { _accessorMethod = null; _field = (Field) _member.getMember(); } else if (_member instanceof AnnotatedMethod) { _accessorMethod = (Method) _member.getMember(); _field = null; } if (_serializer == null) { _dynamicSerializers = PropertySerializerMap.emptyForProperties(); } return this; } /* /************************************************************ /* BeanProperty impl /*********************************************************** */ // Note: also part of 'PropertyWriter' @Override public String getName() { return _name.getValue(); } // Note: also part of 'PropertyWriter' @Override public PropertyName getFullName() { // !!! TODO: impl properly return new PropertyName(_name.getValue()); } @Override public JavaType getType() { return _declaredType; } @Override public PropertyName getWrapperName() { return _wrapperName; } // Note: also part of 'PropertyWriter' @Override public A getAnnotation(Class acls) { return (_member == null) ? null : _member.getAnnotation(acls); } // Note: also part of 'PropertyWriter' @Override public A getContextAnnotation(Class acls) { return (_contextAnnotations == null) ? null : _contextAnnotations .get(acls); } @Override public AnnotatedMember getMember() { return _member; } // @since 2.3 -- needed so it can be overridden by unwrapping writer protected void _depositSchemaProperty(ObjectNode propertiesNode, JsonNode schemaNode) { propertiesNode.set(getName(), schemaNode); } /* /*********************************************************** /* Managing and accessing of opaque internal settings /* (used by extensions) /*********************************************************** */ /** * Method for accessing value of specified internal setting. * * @return Value of the setting, if any; null if none. */ public Object getInternalSetting(Object key) { return (_internalSettings == null) ? null : _internalSettings.get(key); } /** * Method for setting specific internal setting to given value * * @return Old value of the setting, if any (null if none) */ public Object setInternalSetting(Object key, Object value) { if (_internalSettings == null) { _internalSettings = new HashMap(); } return _internalSettings.put(key, value); } /** * Method for removing entry for specified internal setting. * * @return Existing value of the setting, if any (null if none) */ public Object removeInternalSetting(Object key) { Object removed = null; if (_internalSettings != null) { removed = _internalSettings.remove(key); // to reduce memory usage, let's also drop the Map itself, if empty if (_internalSettings.size() == 0) { _internalSettings = null; } } return removed; } /* /*********************************************************** /* Accessors /*********************************************************** */ public SerializableString getSerializedName() { return _name; } public boolean hasSerializer() { return _serializer != null; } public boolean hasNullSerializer() { return _nullSerializer != null; } /** * @since 2.6 */ public TypeSerializer getTypeSerializer() { return _typeSerializer; } /** * Accessor that will return true if this bean property has to support * "unwrapping"; ability to replace POJO structural wrapping with optional * name prefix and/or suffix (or in some cases, just removal of wrapper * name). *

* Default implementation simply returns false. * * @since 2.3 */ public boolean isUnwrapping() { return false; } public boolean willSuppressNulls() { return _suppressNulls; } /** * Method called to check to see if this property has a name that would * conflict with a given name. * * @since 2.6 */ public boolean wouldConflictWithName(PropertyName name) { if (_wrapperName != null) { return _wrapperName.equals(name); } // Bit convoluted since our support for namespaces is spotty but: return name.hasSimpleName(_name.getValue()) && !name.hasNamespace(); } // Needed by BeanSerializer#getSchema public JsonSerializer getSerializer() { return _serializer; } public JavaType getSerializationType() { return _cfgSerializationType; } @Deprecated // since 2.9 public Class getRawSerializationType() { return (_cfgSerializationType == null) ? null : _cfgSerializationType .getRawClass(); } /** * @deprecated Since 2.7, to be removed from 2.9, use {@link #getType()} instead. */ @Deprecated public Class getPropertyType() { if (_accessorMethod != null) { return _accessorMethod.getReturnType(); } if (_field != null) { return _field.getType(); } return null; } /** * Get the generic property type of this property writer. * * @return The property type, or null if not found. * * @deprecated Since 2.7, to be removed from 2.9, use {@link #getType()} instead. */ @Deprecated public Type getGenericPropertyType() { if (_accessorMethod != null) { return _accessorMethod.getGenericReturnType(); } if (_field != null) { return _field.getGenericType(); } return null; } public Class[] getViews() { return _includeInViews; } /* /*********************************************************** /* PropertyWriter methods (serialization) /*********************************************************** */ /** * Method called to access property that this bean stands for, from within * given bean, and to serialize it as a JSON Object field using appropriate * serializer. */ @Override public void serializeAsField(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider prov) throws Exception { // inlined 'get()' final Object value = (_accessorMethod == null) ? _field.get(bean) : _accessorMethod.invoke(bean, (Object[]) null); // Null handling is bit different, check that first if (value == null) { if (_nullSerializer != null) { gen.writeFieldName(_name); _nullSerializer.serialize(null, gen, prov); } return; } // then find serializer to use JsonSerializer ser = _serializer; if (ser == null) { Class cls = value.getClass(); PropertySerializerMap m = _dynamicSerializers; ser = m.serializerFor(cls); if (ser == null) { ser = _findAndAddDynamic(m, cls, prov); } } // and then see if we must suppress certain values (default, empty) if (_suppressableValue != null) { if (MARKER_FOR_EMPTY == _suppressableValue) { if (ser.isEmpty(prov, value)) { return; } } else if (_suppressableValue.equals(value)) { return; } } // For non-nulls: simple check for direct cycles if (value == bean) { // three choices: exception; handled by call; or pass-through if (_handleSelfReference(bean, gen, prov, ser)) { return; } } gen.writeFieldName(_name); if (_typeSerializer == null) { ser.serialize(value, gen, prov); } else { ser.serializeWithType(value, gen, prov, _typeSerializer); } } /** * Method called to indicate that serialization of a field was omitted due * to filtering, in cases where backend data format does not allow basic * omission. * * @since 2.3 */ @Override public void serializeAsOmittedField(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider prov) throws Exception { if (!gen.canOmitFields()) { gen.writeOmittedField(_name.getValue()); } } /** * Alternative to {@link #serializeAsField} that is used when a POJO is * serialized as JSON Array; the difference is that no field names are * written. * * @since 2.3 */ @Override public void serializeAsElement(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider prov) throws Exception { // inlined 'get()' final Object value = (_accessorMethod == null) ? _field.get(bean) : _accessorMethod.invoke(bean, (Object[]) null); if (value == null) { // nulls need specialized handling if (_nullSerializer != null) { _nullSerializer.serialize(null, gen, prov); } else { // can NOT suppress entries in tabular output gen.writeNull(); } return; } // otherwise find serializer to use JsonSerializer ser = _serializer; if (ser == null) { Class cls = value.getClass(); PropertySerializerMap map = _dynamicSerializers; ser = map.serializerFor(cls); if (ser == null) { ser = _findAndAddDynamic(map, cls, prov); } } // and then see if we must suppress certain values (default, empty) if (_suppressableValue != null) { if (MARKER_FOR_EMPTY == _suppressableValue) { if (ser.isEmpty(prov, value)) { // can NOT suppress entries in // tabular output serializeAsPlaceholder(bean, gen, prov); return; } } else if (_suppressableValue.equals(value)) { // can NOT suppress // entries in tabular // output serializeAsPlaceholder(bean, gen, prov); return; } } // For non-nulls: simple check for direct cycles if (value == bean) { if (_handleSelfReference(bean, gen, prov, ser)) { return; } } if (_typeSerializer == null) { ser.serialize(value, gen, prov); } else { ser.serializeWithType(value, gen, prov, _typeSerializer); } } /** * Method called to serialize a placeholder used in tabular output when real * value is not to be included (is filtered out), but when we need an entry * so that field indexes will not be off. Typically this should output null * or empty String, depending on datatype. * * @since 2.1 */ @Override public void serializeAsPlaceholder(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider prov) throws Exception { if (_nullSerializer != null) { _nullSerializer.serialize(null, gen, prov); } else { gen.writeNull(); } } /* /*********************************************************** /* PropertyWriter methods (schema generation) /*********************************************************** */ // Also part of BeanProperty implementation @Override public void depositSchemaProperty(JsonObjectFormatVisitor v, SerializerProvider provider) throws JsonMappingException { if (v != null) { if (isRequired()) { v.property(this); } else { v.optionalProperty(this); } } } // // // Legacy support for JsonFormatVisitable /** * Attempt to add the output of the given {@link BeanPropertyWriter} in the * given {@link ObjectNode}. Otherwise, add the default schema * {@link JsonNode} in place of the writer's output * * @param propertiesNode * Node which the given property would exist within * @param provider * Provider that can be used for accessing dynamic aspects of * serialization processing */ @Override @Deprecated public void depositSchemaProperty(ObjectNode propertiesNode, SerializerProvider provider) throws JsonMappingException { JavaType propType = getSerializationType(); // 03-Dec-2010, tatu: SchemaAware REALLY should use JavaType, but alas // it doesn't... Type hint = (propType == null) ? getType() : propType.getRawClass(); JsonNode schemaNode; // Maybe it already has annotated/statically configured serializer? JsonSerializer ser = getSerializer(); if (ser == null) { // nope ser = provider.findValueSerializer(getType(), this); } boolean isOptional = !isRequired(); if (ser instanceof SchemaAware) { schemaNode = ((SchemaAware) ser).getSchema(provider, hint, isOptional); } else { schemaNode = com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.jsonschema.JsonSchema .getDefaultSchemaNode(); } _depositSchemaProperty(propertiesNode, schemaNode); } /* /********************************************************** /* Helper methods /********************************************************** */ protected JsonSerializer _findAndAddDynamic( PropertySerializerMap map, Class type, SerializerProvider provider) throws JsonMappingException { PropertySerializerMap.SerializerAndMapResult result; if (_nonTrivialBaseType != null) { JavaType t = provider.constructSpecializedType(_nonTrivialBaseType, type); result = map.findAndAddPrimarySerializer(t, provider, this); } else { result = map.findAndAddPrimarySerializer(type, provider, this); } // did we get a new map of serializers? If so, start using it if (map != result.map) { _dynamicSerializers = result.map; } return result.serializer; } /** * Method that can be used to access value of the property this Object * describes, from given bean instance. *

* Note: method is final as it should not need to be overridden -- rather, * calling method(s) ({@link #serializeAsField}) should be overridden to * change the behavior */ public final Object get(Object bean) throws Exception { return (_accessorMethod == null) ? _field.get(bean) : _accessorMethod .invoke(bean, (Object[]) null); } /** * Method called to handle a direct self-reference through this property. * Method can choose to indicate an error by throwing * {@link JsonMappingException}; fully handle serialization (and return * true); or indicate that it should be serialized normally (return false). *

* Default implementation will throw {@link JsonMappingException} if * {@link SerializationFeature#FAIL_ON_SELF_REFERENCES} is enabled; or * return false if it is disabled. * * @return True if method fully handled self-referential value; false if not * (caller is to handle it) or {@link JsonMappingException} if there * is no way handle it */ protected boolean _handleSelfReference(Object bean, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider prov, JsonSerializer ser) throws JsonMappingException { if (prov.isEnabled(SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_SELF_REFERENCES) && !ser.usesObjectId()) { // 05-Feb-2013, tatu: Usually a problem, but NOT if we are handling // object id; this may be the case for BeanSerializers at least. // 13-Feb-2014, tatu: another possible ok case: custom serializer // (something // OTHER than {@link BeanSerializerBase} if (ser instanceof BeanSerializerBase) { prov.reportBadDefinition(getType(), "Direct self-reference leading to cycle"); } } return false; } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(40); sb.append("property '").append(getName()).append("' ("); if (_accessorMethod != null) { sb.append("via method ") .append(_accessorMethod.getDeclaringClass().getName()) .append("#").append(_accessorMethod.getName()); } else if (_field != null) { sb.append("field \"").append(_field.getDeclaringClass().getName()) .append("#").append(_field.getName()); } else { sb.append("virtual"); } if (_serializer == null) { sb.append(", no static serializer"); } else { sb.append(", static serializer of type " + _serializer.getClass().getName()); } sb.append(')'); return sb.toString(); } }