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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.commons.collections4.list;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Collection;
/**
* A List implementation that stores a cache of internal Node objects
* in an effort to reduce wasteful object creation.
*
* A linked list creates one Node for each item of data added. This can result in
* a lot of object creation and garbage collection. This implementation seeks to
* avoid that by maintaining a store of cached nodes.
*
* This implementation is suitable for long-lived lists where both add and remove
* are used. Short-lived lists, or lists which only grow will have worse performance
* using this class.
*
* Note that this implementation is not synchronized.
*
* @since 3.0
*/
public class NodeCachingLinkedList extends AbstractLinkedList implements Serializable {
/** Serialization version */
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6897789178562232073L;
/**
* The default value for {@link #maximumCacheSize}.
*/
private static final int DEFAULT_MAXIMUM_CACHE_SIZE = 20;
/**
* The first cached node, or null if no nodes are cached.
* Cached nodes are stored in a singly-linked list with
* next pointing to the next element.
*/
private transient Node firstCachedNode;
/**
* The size of the cache.
*/
private transient int cacheSize;
/**
* The maximum size of the cache.
*/
private int maximumCacheSize;
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Constructor that creates.
*/
public NodeCachingLinkedList() {
this(DEFAULT_MAXIMUM_CACHE_SIZE);
}
/**
* Constructor that copies the specified collection
*
* @param coll the collection to copy
*/
public NodeCachingLinkedList(final Collection coll) {
super(coll);
this.maximumCacheSize = DEFAULT_MAXIMUM_CACHE_SIZE;
}
/**
* Constructor that species the maximum cache size.
*
* @param maximumCacheSize the maximum cache size
*/
public NodeCachingLinkedList(final int maximumCacheSize) {
super();
this.maximumCacheSize = maximumCacheSize;
init(); // must call init() as use super();
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Gets the maximum size of the cache.
*
* @return the maximum cache size
*/
protected int getMaximumCacheSize() {
return maximumCacheSize;
}
/**
* Sets the maximum size of the cache.
*
* @param maximumCacheSize the new maximum cache size
*/
protected void setMaximumCacheSize(final int maximumCacheSize) {
this.maximumCacheSize = maximumCacheSize;
shrinkCacheToMaximumSize();
}
/**
* Reduce the size of the cache to the maximum, if necessary.
*/
protected void shrinkCacheToMaximumSize() {
// Rich Dougherty: This could be more efficient.
while (cacheSize > maximumCacheSize) {
getNodeFromCache();
}
}
/**
* Gets a node from the cache. If a node is returned, then the value of
* {@link #cacheSize} is decreased accordingly. The node that is returned
* will have null values for next, previous and element.
*
* @return a node, or null if there are no nodes in the cache.
*/
protected Node getNodeFromCache() {
if (cacheSize == 0) {
return null;
}
final Node cachedNode = firstCachedNode;
firstCachedNode = cachedNode.next;
cachedNode.next = null; // This should be changed anyway, but defensively
// set it to null.
cacheSize--;
return cachedNode;
}
/**
* Checks whether the cache is full.
*
* @return true if the cache is full
*/
protected boolean isCacheFull() {
return cacheSize >= maximumCacheSize;
}
/**
* Adds a node to the cache, if the cache isn't full.
* The node's contents are cleared to so they can be garbage collected.
*
* @param node the node to add to the cache
*/
protected void addNodeToCache(final Node node) {
if (isCacheFull()) {
// don't cache the node.
return;
}
// clear the node's contents and add it to the cache.
final Node nextCachedNode = firstCachedNode;
node.previous = null;
node.next = nextCachedNode;
node.setValue(null);
firstCachedNode = node;
cacheSize++;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Creates a new node, either by reusing one from the cache or creating
* a new one.
*
* @param value value of the new node
* @return the newly created node
*/
@Override
protected Node createNode(final E value) {
final Node cachedNode = getNodeFromCache();
if (cachedNode == null) {
return super.createNode(value);
}
cachedNode.setValue(value);
return cachedNode;
}
/**
* Removes the node from the list, storing it in the cache for reuse
* if the cache is not yet full.
*
* @param node the node to remove
*/
@Override
protected void removeNode(final Node node) {
super.removeNode(node);
addNodeToCache(node);
}
/**
* Removes all the nodes from the list, storing as many as required in the
* cache for reuse.
*
*/
@Override
protected void removeAllNodes() {
// Add the removed nodes to the cache, then remove the rest.
// We can add them to the cache before removing them, since
// {@link AbstractLinkedList.removeAllNodes()} removes the
// nodes by removing references directly from {@link #header}.
final int numberOfNodesToCache = Math.min(size, maximumCacheSize - cacheSize);
Node node = header.next;
for (int currentIndex = 0; currentIndex < numberOfNodesToCache; currentIndex++) {
final Node oldNode = node;
node = node.next;
addNodeToCache(oldNode);
}
super.removeAllNodes();
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* Serializes the data held in this object to the stream specified.
*
* @param out the output stream
* @throws IOException if an error occurs while writing to the stream
*/
private void writeObject(final ObjectOutputStream out) throws IOException {
out.defaultWriteObject();
doWriteObject(out);
}
/**
* Deserializes the data held in this object to the stream specified.
*
* @param in the input stream
* @throws IOException if an error occurs while reading from the stream
* @throws ClassNotFoundException if an object read from the stream can not be loaded
*/
private void readObject(final ObjectInputStream in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
in.defaultReadObject();
doReadObject(in);
}
}