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/*
 * Copyright 2008 The Closure Compiler Authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.javascript.jscomp;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState;

import com.google.javascript.jscomp.CrossModuleReferenceCollector.TopLevelStatement;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.IR;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.Node;
import com.google.javascript.rhino.Token;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.BitSet;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * A compiler pass for moving global variable declarations and assignments to their properties to a
 * deeper module if possible.
 *
 * 
    *
  1. Collect all global-level statements and the references they contain. *
  2. Statements that do not declare global variables are assumed to exist for their side-effects * and are considered immovable. *
  3. Statements that declare global variables may be movable. See CrossModuleReferenceCollector. *
  4. Within each module gather all declarations for a single global variable into a * DeclarationStatementGroup (DSG). Keep track of the references to other globals that appear * in the DSG. A DSG is movable if all of its statements are movable. *
  5. Gather the DSGs for each global variable and note all of the modules that contain immovable * references to it. *
  6. The global variables form a directed graph. Global A has an edge to B if A has a DSG with a * reference to B. *
  7. Convert this to a directed-acyclic graph by grouping together all of the strongly-connected * global variables into GlobalSymbolCycles. There is an edge from GlobalSymbolCycle A to * GlobalSymbolCycle B if A contains a DSG (in one of its GlobalSymbols) that contains a * reference to a GlobalSymbol in B. *
  8. Sort the GlobalSymbolCycles into a list c[1], c[2], c[3],..., c[n], such that there are no * references to GlobalSymbols in c[i] from DSGs in GlobalSymbolCycles c[i+1]...c[n]. *
  9. Traverse the list in that order, so statements for GlobalSymbol X will only be moved after * all statements that refer to X have already been moved. *
  10. Within a GlobalSymbolCycle, combine statements from DSGs in the same module and keep them * in the same order when moving them. *
*/ class CrossModuleCodeMotion implements CompilerPass { private final AbstractCompiler compiler; private final JSModuleGraph graph; /** * Map from module to the node in that module that should parent variable declarations that have * to be moved into that module */ private final Map moduleInsertionPointMap = new HashMap<>(); private final boolean parentModuleCanSeeSymbolsDeclaredInChildren; /** * Creates an instance. * * @param compiler The compiler */ CrossModuleCodeMotion( AbstractCompiler compiler, JSModuleGraph graph, boolean parentModuleCanSeeSymbolsDeclaredInChildren) { this.compiler = compiler; this.graph = graph; this.parentModuleCanSeeSymbolsDeclaredInChildren = parentModuleCanSeeSymbolsDeclaredInChildren; } @Override public void process(Node externs, Node root) { // If there are <2 modules, then we will never move anything, so we're done if (graph != null && graph.getModuleCount() > 1) { CrossModuleReferenceCollector referenceCollector = new CrossModuleReferenceCollector(compiler, new Es6SyntacticScopeCreator(compiler)); referenceCollector.process(root); Collection globalSymbols = new GlobalSymbolCollector().collectGlobalSymbols(referenceCollector); moveGlobalSymbols(globalSymbols); addInstanceofGuards(globalSymbols); } } private void addInstanceofGuards(Collection globalSymbols) { for (GlobalSymbol globalSymbol : globalSymbols) { for (InstanceofReference instanceofReference : globalSymbol.instanceofReferencesToGuard) { if (!globalSymbol.declarationsCoverModule(instanceofReference.getModule())) { addGuardToInstanceofReference(instanceofReference.getReference().getNode()); } } } } /** Collects all global symbols, their declaration statements and references. */ private class GlobalSymbolCollector { final Map globalSymbolforVar = new HashMap<>(); /** * Returning the symbols in the reverse order in which they are defined helps to minimize * unnecessary reordering of declaration statements. */ final Deque symbolStack = new ArrayDeque<>(); Collection collectGlobalSymbols( CrossModuleReferenceCollector referenceCollector) { for (TopLevelStatement statement : referenceCollector.getTopLevelStatements()) { if (statement.isDeclarationStatement()) { processDeclarationStatement(statement); } else { processImmovableStatement(statement); } } return symbolStack; } private void processImmovableStatement(TopLevelStatement statement) { for (Reference ref : statement.getNonDeclarationReferences()) { processImmovableReference(ref, statement.getModule()); } } private void processImmovableReference(Reference ref, JSModule module) { GlobalSymbol globalSymbol = getGlobalSymbol(ref.getSymbol()); if (parentModuleCanSeeSymbolsDeclaredInChildren) { // It is possible to move the declaration of `Foo` after // `'undefined' != typeof Foo && x instanceof Foo`. // We'll add the undefined check, if necessary. Node n = ref.getNode(); if (isGuardedInstanceofReference(n) || isUndefinedTypeofGuardReference(n)) { return; } else if (isUnguardedInstanceofReference(n)) { ImmovableInstanceofReference instanceofReference = new ImmovableInstanceofReference(module, ref); globalSymbol.instanceofReferencesToGuard.push(instanceofReference); return; } } globalSymbol.addImmovableReference(module); } private void processDeclarationStatement(TopLevelStatement statement) { GlobalSymbol declaredSymbol = getGlobalSymbol(statement.getDeclaredNameReference().getSymbol()); DeclarationStatementGroup dsg = declaredSymbol.addDeclarationStatement(statement); processDeclarationStatementContainedReferences(statement, declaredSymbol, dsg); } private void processDeclarationStatementContainedReferences( TopLevelStatement statement, GlobalSymbol declaredSymbol, DeclarationStatementGroup dsg) { for (Reference ref : statement.getNonDeclarationReferences()) { GlobalSymbol refSymbol = getGlobalSymbol(ref.getSymbol()); if (refSymbol.equals(declaredSymbol)) { continue; // ignore circular reference } if (parentModuleCanSeeSymbolsDeclaredInChildren) { // It is possible to move the declaration of `Foo` after // `'undefined' != typeof Foo && x instanceof Foo`. // We'll add the undefined check, if necessary. Node n = ref.getNode(); if (isGuardedInstanceofReference(n) || isUndefinedTypeofGuardReference(n)) { continue; } else if (isUnguardedInstanceofReference(n)) { MovableInstanceofReference instanceofReference = new MovableInstanceofReference(dsg, ref); refSymbol.instanceofReferencesToGuard.push(instanceofReference); continue; } } dsg.addReferenceToGlobalSymbol(refSymbol); refSymbol.addReferringGlobalSymbol(declaredSymbol); } } private GlobalSymbol getGlobalSymbol(Var var) { GlobalSymbol globalSymbol = globalSymbolforVar.get(var); if (globalSymbol == null) { globalSymbol = new GlobalSymbol(var); globalSymbolforVar.put(var, globalSymbol); symbolStack.push(globalSymbol); } return globalSymbol; } } /** * Moves all of the declaration statements that can move to their best possible module location. */ private void moveGlobalSymbols(Collection globalSymbols) { for (GlobalSymbolCycle globalSymbolCycle : new OrderAndCombineGlobalSymbols(globalSymbols).orderAndCombine()) { // Symbols whose declarations refer to each other must be grouped together and their // declaration statements moved together. globalSymbolCycle.moveDeclarationStatements(); } } /** Represents a global symbol whose declaration statements may be moved. */ private class GlobalSymbol { final Var var; /** * As we traverse the statements in execution order the top of the stack represents the most * recently seen DSG for the variable. */ final Deque dsgStack = new ArrayDeque<>(); final BitSet modulesWithImmovableReferences = new BitSet(graph.getModuleCount()); /** * Symbols whose declaration statements refer to this symbol. * * This is a LinkedHashSet in order to enforce a consistent ordering when we iterate over these * to identify cycles. This guarantees that the order in which statements are moved won't * depend on the arbitrary ordering of HashSet. */ final Set referencingGlobalSymbols = new LinkedHashSet<>(); /** Instanceof references we may need to update with a guard after moving declarations. */ Deque instanceofReferencesToGuard = new ArrayDeque<>(); /** Used by OrderAndCombineGlobalSymbols to find reference cycles. */ int preorderNumber = -1; /** Used by OrderAndCombineGlobalSymbols to find reference cycles. */ boolean hasBeenAssignedToAStronglyConnectedComponent = false; /** Used to confirm all symbols get moved in the correct order. */ boolean isMoveDeclarationStatementsDone = false; GlobalSymbol(Var var) { this.var = var; } @Override public String toString() { return var.getName(); } void addImmovableReference(JSModule module) { modulesWithImmovableReferences.set(module.getIndex()); } /** Adds the statement to the appropriate DeclarationStatementGroup and returns it. */ DeclarationStatementGroup addDeclarationStatement(TopLevelStatement statement) { JSModule module = statement.getModule(); DeclarationStatementGroup lastDsg = dsgStack.peek(); if (lastDsg == null) { lastDsg = new DeclarationStatementGroup(this, module); dsgStack.push(lastDsg); } DeclarationStatementGroup statementDsg; if (module.equals(lastDsg.currentModule)) { statementDsg = lastDsg; } else { // new module requires a new DSG statementDsg = new DeclarationStatementGroup(this, module); dsgStack.push(statementDsg); } statementDsg.statementStack.push(statement); return statementDsg; } void addReferringGlobalSymbol(GlobalSymbol declaredSymbol) { referencingGlobalSymbols.add(declaredSymbol); } /** * Does the module depend on at least one of the modules containing declaration statements for * this symbol? */ boolean declarationsCoverModule(JSModule module) { for (DeclarationStatementGroup dsg : dsgStack) { if (module.equals(dsg.currentModule) || graph.dependsOn(module, dsg.currentModule)) { return true; } } return false; } } /** * Represents a set of global symbols that all refer to each other, and so must be considered * for movement as a group. */ private class GlobalSymbolCycle { final Deque symbols = new ArrayDeque<>(); void addSymbol(GlobalSymbol symbol) { symbols.add(symbol); } void moveDeclarationStatements() { for (GlobalSymbol symbol : symbols) { checkState(!symbol.isMoveDeclarationStatementsDone, "duplicate attempt to move %s", symbol); } BitSet modulesWithImmovableReferences = new BitSet(graph.getModuleCount()); List cyclesLatestFirst = getDsgCyclesLatestFirst(); for (DeclarationStatementGroupCycle dsgCycle : cyclesLatestFirst) { // Each move may change modulesWithImmovableReferences for (GlobalSymbol symbol : symbols) { modulesWithImmovableReferences.or(symbol.modulesWithImmovableReferences); } dsgCycle.moveToPreferredModule(modulesWithImmovableReferences); } for (GlobalSymbol symbol : symbols) { symbol.isMoveDeclarationStatementsDone = true; } } List getDsgCyclesLatestFirst() { List cyclesLatestFirst = new ArrayList<>(); Deque dsgsLatestFirst = getDsgsLatestFirst(); DeclarationStatementGroupCycle cycle = null; for (DeclarationStatementGroup dsg : dsgsLatestFirst) { if (cycle == null || !cycle.currentModule.equals(dsg.currentModule)) { cycle = new DeclarationStatementGroupCycle(this, dsg.currentModule); cyclesLatestFirst.add(cycle); } cycle.dsgs.add(dsg); } return cyclesLatestFirst; } private Deque getDsgsLatestFirst() { Deque resultStack = new ArrayDeque<>(); for (GlobalSymbol symbol : symbols) { Deque stack1 = resultStack; Deque stack2 = new ArrayDeque<>(symbol.dsgStack); resultStack = new ArrayDeque<>(stack1.size() + stack2.size()); while (true) { if (stack1.isEmpty()) { resultStack.addAll(stack2); break; } else if (stack2.isEmpty()) { resultStack.addAll(stack1); break; } else { DeclarationStatementGroup dsg1 = stack1.peek(); DeclarationStatementGroup dsg2 = stack2.peek(); if (dsg1.currentModule.getIndex() > dsg2.currentModule.getIndex()) { resultStack.add(stack1.pop()); checkState( stack1.isEmpty() || stack1.peek().currentModule.getIndex() <= dsg1.currentModule.getIndex(), "DSG stacks are out of order."); } else { resultStack.add(stack2.pop()); checkState( stack2.isEmpty() || stack2.peek().currentModule.getIndex() <= dsg2.currentModule.getIndex(), "DSG stacks are out of order."); } } } } return resultStack; } } private void addGuardToInstanceofReference(Node referenceNode) { checkState( isUnguardedInstanceofReference(referenceNode), "instanceof Reference is already guarded: %s", referenceNode); Node instanceofNode = checkNotNull(referenceNode.getParent()); Node referenceForTypeOf = referenceNode.cloneNode(); Node tmp = IR.block(); // Wrap "foo instanceof Bar" in // "('undefined' != typeof Bar && foo instanceof Bar)" instanceofNode.replaceWith(tmp); Node and = IR.and( new Node(Token.NE, IR.string("undefined"), new Node(Token.TYPEOF, referenceForTypeOf)), instanceofNode); and.useSourceInfoIfMissingFromForTree(instanceofNode); tmp.replaceWith(and); compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(and); } /** * A group of declaration statements that must be moved (or not) as a group. * *

All of the statements must be in the same module initially. If there are declarations for * the same variable in different modules, they will be grouped separately. */ private static class DeclarationStatementGroup { final GlobalSymbol declaredGlobalSymbol; final Set referencedGlobalSymbols = new HashSet<>(); /** module containing the statements */ JSModule currentModule; /** statements in the group, latest first */ Deque statementStack = new ArrayDeque<>(); DeclarationStatementGroup(GlobalSymbol declaredGlobalSymbol, JSModule currentModule) { this.declaredGlobalSymbol = declaredGlobalSymbol; this.currentModule = currentModule; } boolean allStatementsCanMove() { for (TopLevelStatement s : statementStack) { if (!s.isMovableDeclaration()) { return false; } } return true; } void addReferenceToGlobalSymbol(GlobalSymbol refSymbol) { referencedGlobalSymbols.add(refSymbol); } void makeReferencesImmovable() { declaredGlobalSymbol.addImmovableReference(currentModule); for (GlobalSymbol symbol : referencedGlobalSymbols) { checkState( !symbol.isMoveDeclarationStatementsDone, "symbol %s moved before referring symbol %s", symbol, declaredGlobalSymbol); symbol.addImmovableReference(currentModule); } } } /** * Orders DeclarationStatementGroups so that each DSG appears in the list only after all of the * DSGs that contain references to it. * *

DSGs that form cycles are combined into a single DSG. This happens when declarations within * a module form cycles by referring to each other. * *

This is an implementation of the path-based strong component algorithm as it is described in * the Wikipedia article https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path-based_strong_component_algorithm. */ private class OrderAndCombineGlobalSymbols { final Collection inputSymbols; /** Tracks DSGs that may be part of a strongly connected component (reference cycle). */ final Deque componentContents = new ArrayDeque<>(); /** Tracks DSGs that may be the root of a strongly connected component (reference cycle). */ final Deque componentRoots = new ArrayDeque<>(); /** Filled with lists of strongly connected DSGs as they are discovered. */ final Deque stronglyConnectedSymbols; int preorderCounter = 0; OrderAndCombineGlobalSymbols(Collection dsgs) { inputSymbols = dsgs; stronglyConnectedSymbols = new ArrayDeque<>(dsgs.size()); } Deque orderAndCombine() { for (GlobalSymbol globalSymbol : inputSymbols) { if (globalSymbol.preorderNumber < 0) { processGlobalSymbol(globalSymbol); } // else already processed } // At this point stronglyConnectedSymbols has been filled. return stronglyConnectedSymbols; } /** * Determines to which strongly connected component this GlobalSymbol belongs. * *

Called exactly once for each GlobalSymbol. When this method returns we will have * determined which strongly connected component contains globalSymbol. Either: * *

    *
  • globalSymbol was the first member of the strongly connected component we encountered, * and the entire component has now been added to stronglyConnectedSymbols. *
  • OR, we encountered the first member of the strongly connected component in an earlier * call to this method on the call stack. In this case the top of componentRoots will be * the first member, and we'll add the component to stronglyConnectedSymbols once * execution has fallen back to the call made with that GlobalSymbol. *
*/ void processGlobalSymbol(GlobalSymbol symbol) { // preorderNumber is used to track whether we've already processed a DSG and the order in // which they have been processed. It is initially -1. checkState(symbol.preorderNumber < 0, "already processed: %s", symbol); symbol.preorderNumber = preorderCounter++; componentRoots.push(symbol); // could be the start of a new strongly connected component componentContents.push(symbol); // could be part of an existing strongly connected component for (GlobalSymbol referringSymbol : symbol.referencingGlobalSymbols) { if (referringSymbol.preorderNumber < 0) { processGlobalSymbol(referringSymbol); } else { if (!referringSymbol.hasBeenAssignedToAStronglyConnectedComponent) { // This GlobalSymbol is part of a not-yet-completed strongly connected component. // Back off the potential roots stack to the earliest symbol that is part of the // component. while (componentRoots.peek().preorderNumber > referringSymbol.preorderNumber) { componentRoots.pop(); } } } } if (componentRoots.peek().equals(symbol)) { // After exploring all paths from here, this symbol is still at the top of the potential // component roots stack, so this symbol is the root of a strongly connected component. componentRoots.pop(); GlobalSymbolCycle cycle = new GlobalSymbolCycle(); // this symbol and all those after it on the componentContents stack are part of a single // cycle. GlobalSymbol connectedSymbol; do { connectedSymbol = componentContents.pop(); cycle.addSymbol(connectedSymbol); connectedSymbol.hasBeenAssignedToAStronglyConnectedComponent = true; } while (!connectedSymbol.equals(symbol)); this.stronglyConnectedSymbols.add(cycle); } } } /** * One or more DeclarationStatementGroups that that share the same module and whose declared * global symbols refer to each other. */ private class DeclarationStatementGroupCycle { GlobalSymbolCycle globalSymbolCycle; JSModule currentModule; Deque dsgs; DeclarationStatementGroupCycle(GlobalSymbolCycle globalSymbolCycle, JSModule currentModule) { this.globalSymbolCycle = globalSymbolCycle; this.currentModule = currentModule; this.dsgs = new ArrayDeque<>(); } void moveToPreferredModule(BitSet modulesWithImmovableReferences) { JSModule preferredModule = getPreferredModule(modulesWithImmovableReferences); if (!preferredModule.equals(currentModule)) { moveStatementsToModule(preferredModule); } // Now that all the statements have been moved, update the current module for all the DSGs // and treat all of the references they contain as now immovable. for (DeclarationStatementGroup dsg : dsgs) { dsg.currentModule = preferredModule; dsg.makeReferencesImmovable(); } } private void moveStatementsToModule(JSModule preferredModule) { Node destParent = moduleInsertionPointMap.get(preferredModule); if (destParent == null) { destParent = compiler.getNodeForCodeInsertion(preferredModule); moduleInsertionPointMap.put(preferredModule, destParent); } Deque statementsLastFirst = getStatementsLastFirst(); for (TopLevelStatement statement : statementsLastFirst) { Node statementNode = statement.getStatementNode(); // Remove it compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(statementNode); statementNode.detach(); // Add it to the new spot destParent.addChildToFront(statementNode); compiler.reportChangeToEnclosingScope(statementNode); } } private Deque getStatementsLastFirst() { Deque result = new ArrayDeque<>(); for (DeclarationStatementGroup dsg : dsgs) { // combine previous result with statements for current DSG Deque stack1 = new ArrayDeque<>(dsg.statementStack); Deque stack2 = result; result = new ArrayDeque<>(stack1.size() + stack2.size()); while (true) { if (stack1.isEmpty()) { result.addAll(stack2); break; } else if (stack2.isEmpty()) { result.addAll(stack1); break; } else { TopLevelStatement s1 = stack1.peek(); TopLevelStatement s2 = stack2.peek(); if (s1.getOriginalOrder() > s2.getOriginalOrder()) { result.add(stack1.pop()); checkState( stack1.isEmpty() || stack1.peek().getOriginalOrder() < s1.getOriginalOrder(), "Statements are recorded in the wrong order."); } else { result.add(stack2.pop()); checkState( stack2.isEmpty() || stack2.peek().getOriginalOrder() < s2.getOriginalOrder(), "Statements are recorded in the wrong order."); } } } } return result; } private JSModule getPreferredModule(BitSet modulesWithImmovableReferences) { if (modulesWithImmovableReferences.isEmpty()) { return currentModule; } else if (!allStatementsCanMove()) { return currentModule; } else { return graph.getSmallestCoveringSubtree(currentModule, modulesWithImmovableReferences); } } boolean allStatementsCanMove() { for (DeclarationStatementGroup dsg : dsgs) { if (!dsg.allStatementsCanMove()) { return false; } } return true; } } interface InstanceofReference { JSModule getModule(); Reference getReference(); } private static class ImmovableInstanceofReference implements InstanceofReference { JSModule module; Reference reference; ImmovableInstanceofReference(JSModule module, Reference reference) { this.module = module; this.reference = reference; } @Override public JSModule getModule() { return module; } @Override public Reference getReference() { return reference; } } private static class MovableInstanceofReference implements InstanceofReference { DeclarationStatementGroup containingDsg; Reference reference; MovableInstanceofReference(DeclarationStatementGroup containingDsg, Reference reference) { this.containingDsg = containingDsg; this.reference = reference; } @Override public JSModule getModule() { return containingDsg.currentModule; } @Override public Reference getReference() { return reference; } } /** * Is the reference node the first {@code Ref} in an expression like {@code 'undefined' != typeof * Ref && x instanceof Ref}? * *

It's safe to ignore this kind of reference when moving the definition of {@code Ref}. */ private boolean isUndefinedTypeofGuardReference(Node reference) { // reference => typeof => `!=` Node undefinedTypeofGuard = reference.getGrandparent(); if (undefinedTypeofGuard != null && isUndefinedTypeofGuardFor(undefinedTypeofGuard, reference)) { Node andNode = undefinedTypeofGuard.getParent(); return andNode != null && andNode.isAnd() && isInstanceofFor(andNode.getLastChild(), reference); } else { return false; } } /** * Is the expression of the form {@code 'undefined' != typeof Ref}? * * @param expression * @param reference Ref node must be equivalent to this node */ private boolean isUndefinedTypeofGuardFor(Node expression, Node reference) { if (expression.isNE()) { Node undefinedString = expression.getFirstChild(); Node typeofNode = expression.getLastChild(); return undefinedString.isString() && undefinedString.getString().equals("undefined") && typeofNode.isTypeOf() && typeofNode.getFirstChild().isEquivalentTo(reference); } else { return false; } } /** * Is the reference node the second {@code Ref} in an expression like {@code 'undefined' != typeof * Ref && x instanceof Ref}? * *

It's safe to ignore this kind of reference when moving the definition of {@code Ref}. */ private boolean isGuardedInstanceofReference(Node reference) { Node instanceofNode = reference.getParent(); if (isInstanceofFor(instanceofNode, reference)) { Node andNode = instanceofNode.getParent(); return andNode != null && andNode.isAnd() && isUndefinedTypeofGuardFor(andNode.getFirstChild(), reference); } else { return false; } } /** Is the reference the right hand side of an {@code instanceof} and not guarded? */ private boolean isUnguardedInstanceofReference(Node reference) { Node instanceofNode = reference.getParent(); if (isInstanceofFor(instanceofNode, reference)) { Node andNode = instanceofNode.getParent(); return !(andNode != null && andNode.isAnd() && isUndefinedTypeofGuardFor(andNode.getFirstChild(), reference)); } else { return false; } } /** * Is the expression of the form {@code x instanceof Ref}? * * @param expression * @param reference Ref node must be equivalent to this node */ private boolean isInstanceofFor(Node expression, Node reference) { return expression.isInstanceOf() && expression.getLastChild().isEquivalentTo(reference); } }





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