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/*
 * Copyright 2008 The Closure Compiler Authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.google.javascript.jscomp.graph;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.collect.Iterators.filter;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Objects;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.AbstractSet;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * A Union-Find implementation.
 *
 * This class implements Union-Find algorithm with rank and path
 * compression.
 *
 * 
See 
 * algorithmist for more detail.
 *
 * @param  element type
 */
@GwtCompatible
public class StandardUnionFind implements Serializable, UnionFind {

  /** All values with the same root node are in the same equivalence set. */
  private final Map> elmap = new LinkedHashMap<>();

  /** Creates an empty UnionFind structure. */
  public StandardUnionFind() {
  }

  /**
   * Creates an UnionFind structure being a copy of other structure.
   * The created structure is optimal in a sense that the paths to
   * the root from any element will have a length of at most 1.
   *
   * @param other structure to be copied
   */
  public StandardUnionFind(UnionFind other) {
    for (E elem : other.elements()) {
      union(other.find(elem), elem);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void add(@Nullable E e) {
    union(e, e);
  }

  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @Override
  public E union(@Nullable E a, @Nullable E b) {
    Node nodeA = findRootOrCreateNode(a);
    Node nodeB = findRootOrCreateNode(b);

    if (nodeA == nodeB) {
      return nodeA.element;
    }
    // If possible, prefer nodeA over nodeB, to preserve insertion order.
    if (nodeA.rank >= nodeB.rank) {
      nodeB.parent = nodeA;
      nodeA.size += nodeB.size;
      if (nodeA.rank == nodeB.rank) {
        nodeA.rank++;
      }
      return nodeA.element;
    }
    nodeA.parent = nodeB;
    nodeB.size += nodeA.size;
    E temp = nodeB.element;
    nodeB.element = nodeA.element;
    nodeA.element = temp;
    return nodeB.element;
  }

  @Override
  public E find(@Nullable E e) {
    checkArgument(elmap.containsKey(e), "Element does not exist: %s", e);
    return findRoot(elmap.get(e)).element;
  }

  @Override
  public boolean areEquivalent(@Nullable E a, @Nullable E b) {
    E aRep = find(a);
    E bRep = find(b);
    return aRep == bRep;
  }

  @Override
  public Set elements() {
    return Collections.unmodifiableSet(elmap.keySet());
  }

  @Override
  public Collection> allEquivalenceClasses() {
    Map, ImmutableSet.Builder> groupsTmp = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    for (Node elem : elmap.values()) {
      Node root = findRoot(elem);
      ImmutableSet.Builder builder = groupsTmp.get(root);
      if (builder == null) {
        builder = ImmutableSet.builder();
        groupsTmp.put(root, builder);
      }
      builder.add(elem.element);
    }
    ImmutableList.Builder> result = ImmutableList.builder();
    for (ImmutableSet.Builder group : groupsTmp.values()) {
      result.add(group.build());
    }
    return result.build();
  }

  /**
   * If e is already in a non-trivial equivalence class, that is, a class with
   * more than two elements, then return the {@link Node} corresponding to the
   * representative element. Otherwise, if e sits in an equivalence class by
   * itself, then create a {@link Node}, put it into elmap and return it.
   */
  private Node findRootOrCreateNode(E e) {
    Node node = elmap.get(e);
    if (node != null) {
      return findRoot(node);
    }
    node = new Node(e);
    elmap.put(e, node);
    return node;
  }

  /**
   * Given a {@link Node}, walk the parent field as far as possible, until
   * reaching the root, which is the {@link Node} for the current
   * representative of this equivalence class. To achieve low runtime
   * complexity, also compress the path, by making each node a direct child of
   * the root.
   */
  private Node findRoot(Node node) {
    if (node.parent != node) {
      node.parent = findRoot(node.parent);
    }
    return node.parent;
  }

  @Override
  public Set findAll(@Nullable final E value) {
    checkArgument(elmap.containsKey(value), "Element does not exist: %s", value);

    final Predicate