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/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
// Sep 14, 2000:
// Fixed serializer to report IO exception directly, instead at
// the end of document processing.
// Reported by Patrick Higgins
// Aug 21, 2000:
// Fixed bug in startDocument not calling prepare.
// Reported by Mikael Staldal
// Aug 21, 2000:
// Added ability to omit DOCTYPE declaration.
// Sep 1, 2000:
// If no output format is provided the serializer now defaults
// to ISO-8859-1 encoding. Reported by Mikael Staldal
//
package org.apache.xml.serialize;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.xerces.dom.DOMMessageFormatter;
import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.xml.sax.AttributeList;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
/**
* Implements an HTML/XHTML serializer supporting both DOM and SAX
* pretty serializing. HTML/XHTML mode is determined in the
* constructor. For usage instructions see {@link Serializer}.
*
* If an output stream is used, the encoding is taken from the
* output format (defaults to UTF-8). If a writer is
* used, make sure the writer uses the same encoding (if applies)
* as specified in the output format.
*
* The serializer supports both DOM and SAX. DOM serializing is done
* by calling {@link #serialize} and SAX serializing is done by firing
* SAX events and using the serializer as a document handler.
*
* If an I/O exception occurs while serializing, the serializer
* will not throw an exception directly, but only throw it
* at the end of serializing (either DOM or SAX's {@link
* org.xml.sax.DocumentHandler#endDocument}.
*
* For elements that are not specified as whitespace preserving,
* the serializer will potentially break long text lines at space
* boundaries, indent lines, and serialize elements on separate
* lines. Line terminators will be regarded as spaces, and
* spaces at beginning of line will be stripped.
*
* XHTML is slightly different than HTML:
*
* - Element/attribute names are lower case and case matters
*
- Attributes must specify value, even if empty string
*
- Empty elements must have '/' in empty tag
*
- Contents of SCRIPT and STYLE elements serialized as CDATA
*
*
* @deprecated This class was deprecated in Xerces 2.6.2. It is
* recommended that new applications use JAXP's Transformation API
* for XML (TrAX) for serializing HTML. See the Xerces documentation
* for more information.
* @version $Revision: 704573 $ $Date: 2008-10-14 21:41:22 +0530 (Tue, 14 Oct 2008) $
* @author Assaf Arkin
* @see Serializer
*/
public class HTMLSerializer
extends BaseMarkupSerializer
{
/**
* True if serializing in XHTML format.
*/
private boolean _xhtml;
public static final String XHTMLNamespace = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml";
// for users to override XHTMLNamespace if need be.
private String fUserXHTMLNamespace = null;
/**
* Constructs a new HTML/XHTML serializer depending on the value of
* xhtml. The serializer cannot be used without calling
* {@link #setOutputCharStream} or {@link #setOutputByteStream} first.
*
* @param xhtml True if XHTML serializing
*/
protected HTMLSerializer( boolean xhtml, OutputFormat format )
{
super( format );
_xhtml = xhtml;
}
/**
* Constructs a new serializer. The serializer cannot be used without
* calling {@link #setOutputCharStream} or {@link #setOutputByteStream}
* first.
*/
public HTMLSerializer()
{
this( false, new OutputFormat( Method.HTML, "ISO-8859-1", false ) );
}
/**
* Constructs a new serializer. The serializer cannot be used without
* calling {@link #setOutputCharStream} or {@link #setOutputByteStream}
* first.
*/
public HTMLSerializer( OutputFormat format )
{
this( false, format != null ? format : new OutputFormat( Method.HTML, "ISO-8859-1", false ) );
}
/**
* Constructs a new serializer that writes to the specified writer
* using the specified output format. If format is null,
* will use a default output format.
*
* @param writer The writer to use
* @param format The output format to use, null for the default
*/
public HTMLSerializer( Writer writer, OutputFormat format )
{
this( false, format != null ? format : new OutputFormat( Method.HTML, "ISO-8859-1", false ) );
setOutputCharStream( writer );
}
/**
* Constructs a new serializer that writes to the specified output
* stream using the specified output format. If format
* is null, will use a default output format.
*
* @param output The output stream to use
* @param format The output format to use, null for the default
*/
public HTMLSerializer( OutputStream output, OutputFormat format )
{
this( false, format != null ? format : new OutputFormat( Method.HTML, "ISO-8859-1", false ) );
setOutputByteStream( output );
}
public void setOutputFormat( OutputFormat format )
{
super.setOutputFormat( format != null ? format : new OutputFormat( Method.HTML, "ISO-8859-1", false ) );
}
// Set value for alternate XHTML namespace.
public void setXHTMLNamespace(String newNamespace) {
fUserXHTMLNamespace = newNamespace;
} // setXHTMLNamespace(String)
//-----------------------------------------//
// SAX content handler serializing methods //
//-----------------------------------------//
public void startElement( String namespaceURI, String localName,
String rawName, Attributes attrs )
throws SAXException
{
int i;
boolean preserveSpace;
ElementState state;
String name;
String value;
String htmlName;
boolean addNSAttr = false;
try {
if ( _printer == null )
throw new IllegalStateException(
DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
"NoWriterSupplied", null));
state = getElementState();
if ( isDocumentState() ) {
// If this is the root element handle it differently.
// If the first root element in the document, serialize
// the document's DOCTYPE. Space preserving defaults
// to that of the output format.
if ( ! _started )
startDocument( (localName == null || localName.length() == 0)
? rawName : localName );
} else {
// For any other element, if first in parent, then
// close parent's opening tag and use the parnet's
// space preserving.
if ( state.empty )
_printer.printText( '>' );
// Indent this element on a new line if the first
// content of the parent element or immediately
// following an element.
if ( _indenting && ! state.preserveSpace &&
( state.empty || state.afterElement ) )
_printer.breakLine();
}
preserveSpace = state.preserveSpace;
// Do not change the current element state yet.
// This only happens in endElement().
// As per SAX2, the namespace URI is an empty string if the element has no
// namespace URI, or namespaces is turned off. The check against null protects
// against broken SAX implementations, so I've left it there. - mrglavas
boolean hasNamespaceURI = (namespaceURI != null && namespaceURI.length() != 0);
// SAX2: rawName (QName) could be empty string if
// namespace-prefixes property is false.
if ( rawName == null || rawName.length() == 0) {
rawName = localName;
if ( hasNamespaceURI ) {
String prefix;
prefix = getPrefix( namespaceURI );
if ( prefix != null && prefix.length() != 0 )
rawName = prefix + ":" + localName;
}
addNSAttr = true;
}
if ( !hasNamespaceURI )
htmlName = rawName;
else {
if ( namespaceURI.equals( XHTMLNamespace ) ||
(fUserXHTMLNamespace != null && fUserXHTMLNamespace.equals(namespaceURI)) )
htmlName = localName;
else
htmlName = null;
}
// XHTML: element names are lower case, DOM will be different
_printer.printText( '<' );
if ( _xhtml )
_printer.printText( rawName.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH) );
else
_printer.printText( rawName );
_printer.indent();
// For each attribute serialize it's name and value as one part,
// separated with a space so the element can be broken on
// multiple lines.
if ( attrs != null ) {
for ( i = 0 ; i < attrs.getLength() ; ++i ) {
_printer.printSpace();
name = attrs.getQName( i ).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
value = attrs.getValue( i );
if ( _xhtml || hasNamespaceURI ) {
// XHTML: print empty string for null values.
if ( value == null ) {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"\"" );
} else {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"" );
printEscaped( value );
_printer.printText( '"' );
}
} else {
// HTML: Empty values print as attribute name, no value.
// HTML: URI attributes will print unescaped
if ( value == null ) {
value = "";
}
if ( !_format.getPreserveEmptyAttributes() && value.length() == 0 )
_printer.printText( name );
else if ( HTMLdtd.isURI( rawName, name ) ) {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"" );
_printer.printText( escapeURI( value ) );
_printer.printText( '"' );
} else if ( HTMLdtd.isBoolean( rawName, name ) )
_printer.printText( name );
else {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"" );
printEscaped( value );
_printer.printText( '"' );
}
}
}
}
if ( htmlName != null && HTMLdtd.isPreserveSpace( htmlName ) )
preserveSpace = true;
if ( addNSAttr ) {
Iterator entries = _prefixes.entrySet().iterator();
while (entries.hasNext()) {
_printer.printSpace();
Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) entries.next();
value = (String) entry.getKey();
name = (String) entry.getValue();
if ( name.length() == 0 ) {
_printer.printText( "xmlns=\"" );
printEscaped( value );
_printer.printText( '"' );
}
else {
_printer.printText( "xmlns:" );
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"" );
printEscaped( value );
_printer.printText( '"' );
}
}
}
// Now it's time to enter a new element state
// with the tag name and space preserving.
// We still do not change the curent element state.
state = enterElementState( namespaceURI, localName, rawName, preserveSpace );
// Prevents line breaks inside A/TD
if ( htmlName != null && ( htmlName.equalsIgnoreCase( "A" ) ||
htmlName.equalsIgnoreCase( "TD" ) ) ) {
state.empty = false;
_printer.printText( '>' );
}
// Handle SCRIPT and STYLE specifically by changing the
// state of the current element to CDATA (XHTML) or
// unescaped (HTML).
if ( htmlName != null && ( rawName.equalsIgnoreCase( "SCRIPT" ) ||
rawName.equalsIgnoreCase( "STYLE" ) ) ) {
if ( _xhtml ) {
// XHTML: Print contents as CDATA section
state.doCData = true;
} else {
// HTML: Print contents unescaped
state.unescaped = true;
}
}
} catch ( IOException except ) {
throw new SAXException( except );
}
}
public void endElement( String namespaceURI, String localName,
String rawName )
throws SAXException
{
try {
endElementIO( namespaceURI, localName, rawName );
} catch ( IOException except ) {
throw new SAXException( except );
}
}
public void endElementIO( String namespaceURI, String localName,
String rawName )
throws IOException
{
ElementState state;
String htmlName;
// Works much like content() with additions for closing
// an element. Note the different checks for the closed
// element's state and the parent element's state.
_printer.unindent();
state = getElementState();
if ( state.namespaceURI == null || state.namespaceURI.length() == 0 )
htmlName = state.rawName;
else {
if ( state.namespaceURI.equals( XHTMLNamespace ) ||
(fUserXHTMLNamespace != null && fUserXHTMLNamespace.equals(state.namespaceURI)) )
htmlName = state.localName;
else
htmlName = null;
}
if ( _xhtml) {
if ( state.empty ) {
_printer.printText( " />" );
} else {
// Must leave CData section first
if ( state.inCData )
_printer.printText( "]]>" );
// XHTML: element names are lower case, DOM will be different
_printer.printText( "' );
}
} else {
if ( state.empty )
_printer.printText( '>' );
// This element is not empty and that last content was
// another element, so print a line break before that
// last element and this element's closing tag.
// [keith] Provided this is not an anchor.
// HTML: some elements do not print closing tag (e.g. LI)
if ( htmlName == null || ! HTMLdtd.isOnlyOpening( htmlName ) ) {
if ( _indenting && ! state.preserveSpace && state.afterElement )
_printer.breakLine();
// Must leave CData section first (Illegal in HTML, but still)
if ( state.inCData )
_printer.printText( "]]>" );
_printer.printText( "' );
}
}
// Leave the element state and update that of the parent
// (if we're not root) to not empty and after element.
state = leaveElementState();
// Temporary hack to prevent line breaks inside A/TD
if ( htmlName == null || ( ! htmlName.equalsIgnoreCase( "A" ) &&
! htmlName.equalsIgnoreCase( "TD" ) ) )
state.afterElement = true;
state.empty = false;
if ( isDocumentState() )
_printer.flush();
}
//------------------------------------------//
// SAX document handler serializing methods //
//------------------------------------------//
public void characters( char[] chars, int start, int length )
throws SAXException
{
ElementState state;
try {
// HTML: no CDATA section
state = content();
state.doCData = false;
super.characters( chars, start, length );
} catch ( IOException except ) {
throw new SAXException( except );
}
}
public void startElement( String tagName, AttributeList attrs )
throws SAXException
{
int i;
boolean preserveSpace;
ElementState state;
String name;
String value;
try {
if ( _printer == null )
throw new IllegalStateException(
DOMMessageFormatter.formatMessage(
DOMMessageFormatter.SERIALIZER_DOMAIN,
"NoWriterSupplied", null));
state = getElementState();
if ( isDocumentState() ) {
// If this is the root element handle it differently.
// If the first root element in the document, serialize
// the document's DOCTYPE. Space preserving defaults
// to that of the output format.
if ( ! _started )
startDocument( tagName );
} else {
// For any other element, if first in parent, then
// close parent's opening tag and use the parnet's
// space preserving.
if ( state.empty )
_printer.printText( '>' );
// Indent this element on a new line if the first
// content of the parent element or immediately
// following an element.
if ( _indenting && ! state.preserveSpace &&
( state.empty || state.afterElement ) )
_printer.breakLine();
}
preserveSpace = state.preserveSpace;
// Do not change the current element state yet.
// This only happens in endElement().
// XHTML: element names are lower case, DOM will be different
_printer.printText( '<' );
if ( _xhtml )
_printer.printText( tagName.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH) );
else
_printer.printText( tagName );
_printer.indent();
// For each attribute serialize it's name and value as one part,
// separated with a space so the element can be broken on
// multiple lines.
if ( attrs != null ) {
for ( i = 0 ; i < attrs.getLength() ; ++i ) {
_printer.printSpace();
name = attrs.getName( i ).toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
value = attrs.getValue( i );
if ( _xhtml ) {
// XHTML: print empty string for null values.
if ( value == null ) {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"\"" );
} else {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"" );
printEscaped( value );
_printer.printText( '"' );
}
} else {
// HTML: Empty values print as attribute name, no value.
// HTML: URI attributes will print unescaped
if ( value == null ) {
value = "";
}
if ( !_format.getPreserveEmptyAttributes() && value.length() == 0 )
_printer.printText( name );
else if ( HTMLdtd.isURI( tagName, name ) ) {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"" );
_printer.printText( escapeURI( value ) );
_printer.printText( '"' );
} else if ( HTMLdtd.isBoolean( tagName, name ) )
_printer.printText( name );
else {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"" );
printEscaped( value );
_printer.printText( '"' );
}
}
}
}
if ( HTMLdtd.isPreserveSpace( tagName ) )
preserveSpace = true;
// Now it's time to enter a new element state
// with the tag name and space preserving.
// We still do not change the curent element state.
state = enterElementState( null, null, tagName, preserveSpace );
// Prevents line breaks inside A/TD
if ( tagName.equalsIgnoreCase( "A" ) || tagName.equalsIgnoreCase( "TD" ) ) {
state.empty = false;
_printer.printText( '>' );
}
// Handle SCRIPT and STYLE specifically by changing the
// state of the current element to CDATA (XHTML) or
// unescaped (HTML).
if ( tagName.equalsIgnoreCase( "SCRIPT" ) ||
tagName.equalsIgnoreCase( "STYLE" ) ) {
if ( _xhtml ) {
// XHTML: Print contents as CDATA section
state.doCData = true;
} else {
// HTML: Print contents unescaped
state.unescaped = true;
}
}
} catch ( IOException except ) {
throw new SAXException( except );
}
}
public void endElement( String tagName )
throws SAXException
{
endElement( null, null, tagName );
}
//------------------------------------------//
// Generic node serializing methods methods //
//------------------------------------------//
/**
* Called to serialize the document's DOCTYPE by the root element.
* The document type declaration must name the root element,
* but the root element is only known when that element is serialized,
* and not at the start of the document.
*
* This method will check if it has not been called before ({@link #_started}),
* will serialize the document type declaration, and will serialize all
* pre-root comments and PIs that were accumulated in the document
* (see {@link #serializePreRoot}). Pre-root will be serialized even if
* this is not the first root element of the document.
*/
protected void startDocument( String rootTagName )
throws IOException
{
// Not supported in HTML/XHTML, but we still have to switch
// out of DTD mode.
_printer.leaveDTD();
if ( ! _started ) {
// If the public and system identifiers were not specified
// in the output format, use the appropriate ones for HTML
// or XHTML.
if ( _docTypePublicId == null && _docTypeSystemId == null ) {
if ( _xhtml ) {
_docTypePublicId = HTMLdtd.XHTMLPublicId;
_docTypeSystemId = HTMLdtd.XHTMLSystemId;
} else {
_docTypePublicId = HTMLdtd.HTMLPublicId;
_docTypeSystemId = HTMLdtd.HTMLSystemId;
}
}
if ( ! _format.getOmitDocumentType() ) {
// XHTML: If public identifier and system identifier
// specified, print them, else print just system identifier
// HTML: If public identifier specified, print it with
// system identifier, if specified.
// XHTML requires that all element names are lower case, so the
// root on the DOCTYPE must be 'html'. - mrglavas
if ( _docTypePublicId != null && ( ! _xhtml || _docTypeSystemId != null ) ) {
if (_xhtml) {
_printer.printText( "' );
_printer.breakLine();
} else if ( _docTypeSystemId != null ) {
if (_xhtml) {
_printer.printText( "' );
_printer.breakLine();
}
}
}
_started = true;
// Always serialize these, even if not te first root element.
serializePreRoot();
}
/**
* Called to serialize a DOM element. Equivalent to calling {@link
* #startElement}, {@link #endElement} and serializing everything
* inbetween, but better optimized.
*/
protected void serializeElement( Element elem )
throws IOException
{
Attr attr;
NamedNodeMap attrMap;
int i;
Node child;
ElementState state;
boolean preserveSpace;
String name;
String value;
String tagName;
tagName = elem.getTagName();
state = getElementState();
if ( isDocumentState() ) {
// If this is the root element handle it differently.
// If the first root element in the document, serialize
// the document's DOCTYPE. Space preserving defaults
// to that of the output format.
if ( ! _started )
startDocument( tagName );
} else {
// For any other element, if first in parent, then
// close parent's opening tag and use the parnet's
// space preserving.
if ( state.empty )
_printer.printText( '>' );
// Indent this element on a new line if the first
// content of the parent element or immediately
// following an element.
if ( _indenting && ! state.preserveSpace &&
( state.empty || state.afterElement ) )
_printer.breakLine();
}
preserveSpace = state.preserveSpace;
// Do not change the current element state yet.
// This only happens in endElement().
// XHTML: element names are lower case, DOM will be different
_printer.printText( '<' );
if ( _xhtml )
_printer.printText( tagName.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH) );
else
_printer.printText( tagName );
_printer.indent();
// Lookup the element's attribute, but only print specified
// attributes. (Unspecified attributes are derived from the DTD.
// For each attribute print it's name and value as one part,
// separated with a space so the element can be broken on
// multiple lines.
attrMap = elem.getAttributes();
if ( attrMap != null ) {
for ( i = 0 ; i < attrMap.getLength() ; ++i ) {
attr = (Attr) attrMap.item( i );
name = attr.getName().toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
value = attr.getValue();
if ( attr.getSpecified() ) {
_printer.printSpace();
if ( _xhtml ) {
// XHTML: print empty string for null values.
if ( value == null ) {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"\"" );
} else {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"" );
printEscaped( value );
_printer.printText( '"' );
}
} else {
// HTML: Empty values print as attribute name, no value.
// HTML: URI attributes will print unescaped
if ( value == null ) {
value = "";
}
if ( !_format.getPreserveEmptyAttributes() && value.length() == 0 )
_printer.printText( name );
else if ( HTMLdtd.isURI( tagName, name ) ) {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"" );
_printer.printText( escapeURI( value ) );
_printer.printText( '"' );
} else if ( HTMLdtd.isBoolean( tagName, name ) )
_printer.printText( name );
else {
_printer.printText( name );
_printer.printText( "=\"" );
printEscaped( value );
_printer.printText( '"' );
}
}
}
}
}
if ( HTMLdtd.isPreserveSpace( tagName ) )
preserveSpace = true;
// If element has children, or if element is not an empty tag,
// serialize an opening tag.
if ( elem.hasChildNodes() || ! HTMLdtd.isEmptyTag( tagName ) ) {
// Enter an element state, and serialize the children
// one by one. Finally, end the element.
state = enterElementState( null, null, tagName, preserveSpace );
// Prevents line breaks inside A/TD
if ( tagName.equalsIgnoreCase( "A" ) || tagName.equalsIgnoreCase( "TD" ) ) {
state.empty = false;
_printer.printText( '>' );
}
// Handle SCRIPT and STYLE specifically by changing the
// state of the current element to CDATA (XHTML) or
// unescaped (HTML).
if ( tagName.equalsIgnoreCase( "SCRIPT" ) ||
tagName.equalsIgnoreCase( "STYLE" ) ) {
if ( _xhtml ) {
// XHTML: Print contents as CDATA section
state.doCData = true;
} else {
// HTML: Print contents unescaped
state.unescaped = true;
}
}
child = elem.getFirstChild();
while ( child != null ) {
serializeNode( child );
child = child.getNextSibling();
}
endElementIO( null, null, tagName );
} else {
_printer.unindent();
// XHTML: Close empty tag with ' />' so it's XML and HTML compatible.
// HTML: Empty tags are defined as such in DTD no in document.
if ( _xhtml )
_printer.printText( " />" );
else
_printer.printText( '>' );
// After element but parent element is no longer empty.
state.afterElement = true;
state.empty = false;
if ( isDocumentState() )
_printer.flush();
}
}
protected void characters( String text )
throws IOException
{
// HTML: no CDATA section
content();
super.characters( text );
}
protected String getEntityRef( int ch )
{
return HTMLdtd.fromChar( ch );
}
protected String escapeURI( String uri )
{
int index;
// XXX Apparently Netscape doesn't like if we escape the URI
// using %nn, so we leave it as is, just remove any quotes.
index = uri.indexOf( "\"" );
if ( index >= 0 ) {
return uri.substring( 0, index );
}
return uri;
}
}