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A table format for huge analytic datasets
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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

package org.apache.iceberg.data.parquet;

import java.time.Instant;
import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.LocalTime;
import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
import java.time.ZoneOffset;
import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.ParquetTypeVisitor;
import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.ParquetValueWriter;
import org.apache.iceberg.parquet.ParquetValueWriters;
import org.apache.iceberg.relocated.com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import org.apache.parquet.Preconditions;
import org.apache.parquet.column.ColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.parquet.io.api.Binary;
import org.apache.parquet.schema.GroupType;
import org.apache.parquet.schema.LogicalTypeAnnotation;
import org.apache.parquet.schema.MessageType;
import org.apache.parquet.schema.PrimitiveType;
import org.apache.parquet.schema.Type;

public abstract class BaseParquetWriter {

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  protected ParquetValueWriter createWriter(MessageType type) {
    return (ParquetValueWriter) ParquetTypeVisitor.visit(type, new WriteBuilder(type));
  }

  protected abstract ParquetValueWriters.StructWriter createStructWriter(List> writers);

  private class WriteBuilder extends ParquetTypeVisitor> {
    private final MessageType type;

    private WriteBuilder(MessageType type) {
      this.type = type;
    }

    @Override
    public ParquetValueWriter message(MessageType message, List> fieldWriters) {

      return struct(message.asGroupType(), fieldWriters);
    }

    @Override
    public ParquetValueWriter struct(GroupType struct,
                                        List> fieldWriters) {
      List fields = struct.getFields();
      List> writers = Lists.newArrayListWithExpectedSize(fieldWriters.size());
      for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i += 1) {
        Type fieldType = struct.getType(i);
        int fieldD = type.getMaxDefinitionLevel(path(fieldType.getName()));
        writers.add(ParquetValueWriters.option(fieldType, fieldD, fieldWriters.get(i)));
      }

      return createStructWriter(writers);
    }

    @Override
    public ParquetValueWriter list(GroupType array, ParquetValueWriter elementWriter) {
      GroupType repeated = array.getFields().get(0).asGroupType();
      String[] repeatedPath = currentPath();

      int repeatedD = type.getMaxDefinitionLevel(repeatedPath);
      int repeatedR = type.getMaxRepetitionLevel(repeatedPath);

      org.apache.parquet.schema.Type elementType = repeated.getType(0);
      int elementD = type.getMaxDefinitionLevel(path(elementType.getName()));

      return ParquetValueWriters.collections(repeatedD, repeatedR,
          ParquetValueWriters.option(elementType, elementD, elementWriter));
    }

    @Override
    public ParquetValueWriter map(GroupType map,
                                     ParquetValueWriter keyWriter,
                                     ParquetValueWriter valueWriter) {
      GroupType repeatedKeyValue = map.getFields().get(0).asGroupType();
      String[] repeatedPath = currentPath();

      int repeatedD = type.getMaxDefinitionLevel(repeatedPath);
      int repeatedR = type.getMaxRepetitionLevel(repeatedPath);

      org.apache.parquet.schema.Type keyType = repeatedKeyValue.getType(0);
      int keyD = type.getMaxDefinitionLevel(path(keyType.getName()));
      org.apache.parquet.schema.Type valueType = repeatedKeyValue.getType(1);
      int valueD = type.getMaxDefinitionLevel(path(valueType.getName()));

      return ParquetValueWriters.maps(repeatedD, repeatedR,
          ParquetValueWriters.option(keyType, keyD, keyWriter),
          ParquetValueWriters.option(valueType, valueD, valueWriter));
    }

    @Override
    public ParquetValueWriter primitive(PrimitiveType primitive) {
      ColumnDescriptor desc = type.getColumnDescription(currentPath());
      LogicalTypeAnnotation logicalType = primitive.getLogicalTypeAnnotation();
      if (logicalType != null) {
        Optional> writer =
            logicalType.accept(new LogicalTypeWriterVisitor(desc));
        if (writer.isPresent()) {
          return writer.get();
        }
      }

      switch (primitive.getPrimitiveTypeName()) {
        case FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY:
          return new FixedWriter(desc);
        case BINARY:
          return ParquetValueWriters.byteBuffers(desc);
        case BOOLEAN:
          return ParquetValueWriters.booleans(desc);
        case INT32:
          return ParquetValueWriters.ints(desc);
        case INT64:
          return ParquetValueWriters.longs(desc);
        case FLOAT:
          return ParquetValueWriters.floats(desc);
        case DOUBLE:
          return ParquetValueWriters.doubles(desc);
        default:
          throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported type: " + primitive);
      }
    }
  }

  private static class LogicalTypeWriterVisitor implements
      LogicalTypeAnnotation.LogicalTypeAnnotationVisitor> {
    private final ColumnDescriptor desc;

    private LogicalTypeWriterVisitor(ColumnDescriptor desc) {
      this.desc = desc;
    }

    @Override
    public Optional> visit(
        LogicalTypeAnnotation.StringLogicalTypeAnnotation stringType) {
      return Optional.of(ParquetValueWriters.strings(desc));
    }

    @Override
    public Optional> visit(
        LogicalTypeAnnotation.EnumLogicalTypeAnnotation enumType) {
      return Optional.of(ParquetValueWriters.strings(desc));
    }

    @Override
    public Optional> visit(
        LogicalTypeAnnotation.DecimalLogicalTypeAnnotation decimalType) {
      switch (desc.getPrimitiveType().getPrimitiveTypeName()) {
        case INT32:
          return Optional.of(ParquetValueWriters.decimalAsInteger(
              desc, decimalType.getPrecision(), decimalType.getScale()));
        case INT64:
          return Optional.of(ParquetValueWriters.decimalAsLong(
              desc, decimalType.getPrecision(), decimalType.getScale()));
        case BINARY:
        case FIXED_LEN_BYTE_ARRAY:
          return Optional.of(ParquetValueWriters.decimalAsFixed(
              desc, decimalType.getPrecision(), decimalType.getScale()));
      }
      return Optional.empty();
    }

    @Override
    public Optional> visit(
        LogicalTypeAnnotation.DateLogicalTypeAnnotation dateType) {
      return Optional.of(new DateWriter(desc));
    }

    @Override
    public Optional> visit(
        LogicalTypeAnnotation.TimeLogicalTypeAnnotation timeType) {
      return Optional.of(new TimeWriter(desc));
    }

    @Override
    public Optional> visit(
        LogicalTypeAnnotation.TimestampLogicalTypeAnnotation timestampType) {
      Preconditions.checkArgument(LogicalTypeAnnotation.TimeUnit.MICROS.equals(timestampType.getUnit()),
          "Cannot write timestamp in %s, only MICROS is supported", timestampType.getUnit());
      if (timestampType.isAdjustedToUTC()) {
        return Optional.of(new TimestamptzWriter(desc));
      } else {
        return Optional.of(new TimestampWriter(desc));
      }
    }

    @Override
    public Optional> visit(
        LogicalTypeAnnotation.IntLogicalTypeAnnotation intType) {
      Preconditions.checkArgument(intType.isSigned() || intType.getBitWidth() < 64,
          "Cannot read uint64: not a supported Java type");
      if (intType.getBitWidth() < 64) {
        return Optional.of(ParquetValueWriters.ints(desc));
      } else {
        return Optional.of(ParquetValueWriters.longs(desc));
      }
    }

    @Override
    public Optional> visit(
        LogicalTypeAnnotation.JsonLogicalTypeAnnotation jsonLogicalType) {
      return Optional.of(ParquetValueWriters.strings(desc));
    }

    @Override
    public Optional> visit(
        LogicalTypeAnnotation.BsonLogicalTypeAnnotation bsonType) {
      return Optional.of(ParquetValueWriters.byteBuffers(desc));
    }
  }

  private static final OffsetDateTime EPOCH = Instant.ofEpochSecond(0).atOffset(ZoneOffset.UTC);
  private static final LocalDate EPOCH_DAY = EPOCH.toLocalDate();

  private static class DateWriter extends ParquetValueWriters.PrimitiveWriter {
    private DateWriter(ColumnDescriptor desc) {
      super(desc);
    }

    @Override
    public void write(int repetitionLevel, LocalDate value) {
      column.writeInteger(repetitionLevel, (int) ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(EPOCH_DAY, value));
    }
  }

  private static class TimeWriter extends ParquetValueWriters.PrimitiveWriter {
    private TimeWriter(ColumnDescriptor desc) {
      super(desc);
    }

    @Override
    public void write(int repetitionLevel, LocalTime value) {
      column.writeLong(repetitionLevel, value.toNanoOfDay() / 1000);
    }
  }

  private static class TimestampWriter extends ParquetValueWriters.PrimitiveWriter {
    private TimestampWriter(ColumnDescriptor desc) {
      super(desc);
    }

    @Override
    public void write(int repetitionLevel, LocalDateTime value) {
      column.writeLong(repetitionLevel,
          ChronoUnit.MICROS.between(EPOCH, value.atOffset(ZoneOffset.UTC)));
    }
  }

  private static class TimestamptzWriter extends ParquetValueWriters.PrimitiveWriter {
    private TimestamptzWriter(ColumnDescriptor desc) {
      super(desc);
    }

    @Override
    public void write(int repetitionLevel, OffsetDateTime value) {
      column.writeLong(repetitionLevel, ChronoUnit.MICROS.between(EPOCH, value));
    }
  }

  private static class FixedWriter extends ParquetValueWriters.PrimitiveWriter {
    private FixedWriter(ColumnDescriptor desc) {
      super(desc);
    }

    @Override
    public void write(int repetitionLevel, byte[] value) {
      column.writeBinary(repetitionLevel, Binary.fromReusedByteArray(value));
    }
  }
}