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The Microsoft Azure IoT Device SDK for Java
/*
* Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
* Licensed under the MIT license. See LICENSE file in the project root for full license information.
*/
package com.microsoft.azure.iothub.transport.amqps;
import com.microsoft.azure.iothub.DeviceClientConfig;
import com.microsoft.azure.iothub.IotHubMessageResult;
import com.microsoft.azure.iothub.auth.IotHubSasToken;
import com.microsoft.azure.iothub.net.IotHubUri;
import com.microsoft.azure.iothub.transport.State;
import com.microsoft.azure.iothub.transport.TransportUtils;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.Proton;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.amqp.Symbol;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.amqp.messaging.Accepted;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.amqp.messaging.Source;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.amqp.messaging.Target;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.amqp.transport.DeliveryState;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.amqp.transport.SenderSettleMode;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.engine.*;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.engine.impl.WebSocketImpl;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.message.Message;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.reactor.FlowController;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.reactor.Handshaker;
import org.apache.qpid.proton.reactor.Reactor;
import org.bouncycastle.openssl.PEMReader;
import org.bouncycastle.openssl.PEMWriter;
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.BufferOverflowException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
/**
* An AMQPS IotHub connection between a device and an IoTHub. This class contains functionality for sending/receiving
* a message, and logic to re-establish the connection with the IoTHub in case it gets lost.
*/
public final class AmqpsIotHubConnection extends BaseHandler
{
private int maxWaitTimeForOpeningConnection = 30000;
protected State state;
private Future reactorFuture;
private static final String sendTag = "sender";
private static final String receiveTag = "receiver";
private static final String sendEndpointFormat = "/devices/%s/messages/events";
private final String sendEndpoint;
private static final String receiveEndpointFormat = "/devices/%s/messages/devicebound";
private final String receiveEndpoint;
private int linkCredit = -1;
/** The {@link Delivery} tag. */
private long nextTag = 0;
private static final String versionIdentifierKey = "com.microsoft:client-version";
private static final String webSocketPath = "/$iothub/websocket";
private static final String webSocketSubProtocol = "AMQPWSB10";
private static final int amqpPort = 5671;
private static final int amqpWebSocketPort = 443;
private String sasToken;
private Sender sender;
private Receiver receiver;
private Connection connection;
private Session session;
private String hostName;
private String userName;
private final Boolean useWebSockets;
protected DeviceClientConfig config;
private List listeners = new ArrayList<>();
private ExecutorService executorService;
/**
* Constructor to set up connection parameters using the {@link DeviceClientConfig}.
*
* @param config The {@link DeviceClientConfig} corresponding to the device associated with this {@link com.microsoft.azure.iothub.DeviceClient}.
* @param useWebSockets Whether the connection should use web sockets or not.
*/
public AmqpsIotHubConnection(DeviceClientConfig config, Boolean useWebSockets)
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_001: [The constructor shall throw IllegalArgumentException if
// any of the parameters of the configuration is null or empty.]
if(config == null)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("The DeviceClientConfig cannot be null.");
}
if(config.getIotHubHostname() == null || config.getIotHubHostname().length() == 0)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("hostName cannot be null or empty.");
}
if (config.getDeviceId() == null || config.getDeviceId().length() == 0)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("deviceID cannot be null or empty.");
}
if(config.getIotHubName() == null || config.getIotHubName().length() == 0)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("hubName cannot be null or empty.");
}
if(config.getDeviceKey() == null || config.getDeviceKey().length() == 0)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("deviceKey cannot be null or empty.");
}
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_002: [The constructor shall save the configuration into private member variables.]
this.config = config;
String deviceId = this.config.getDeviceId();
String iotHubName = this.config.getIotHubName();
this.userName = deviceId + "@sas." + iotHubName;
this.useWebSockets = useWebSockets;
if (useWebSockets)
{
this.hostName = String.format("%s:%d", this.config.getIotHubHostname(), amqpWebSocketPort);
}
else
{
this.hostName = String.format("%s:%d", this.config.getIotHubHostname(), amqpPort);
}
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_003: [The constructor shall initialize the sender and receiver
// endpoint private member variables using the send/receiveEndpointFormat constants and device id.]
this.sendEndpoint = String.format(sendEndpointFormat, deviceId);
this.receiveEndpoint = String.format(receiveEndpointFormat, deviceId);
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_004: [The constructor shall initialize a new Handshaker
// (Proton) object to handle communication handshake.]
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_005: [The constructor shall initialize a new FlowController
// (Proton) object to handle communication flow.]
add(new Handshaker());
add(new FlowController());
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_006: [The constructor shall set its state to CLOSED.]
this.state = State.CLOSED;
}
/**
* Opens the {@link AmqpsIotHubConnection}.
*
* If the current connection is not open, this method
* will create a new {@link IotHubSasToken}. This method will
* start the {@link Reactor}, set the connection to open and make it ready for sending.
*
*
* @throws IOException If the reactor could not be initialized.
*/
public void open() throws IOException
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_007: [If the AMQPS connection is already open, the function shall do nothing.]
if(this.state == State.CLOSED)
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_008: [The function shall create a new sasToken valid for the duration
// specified in config to be used for the communication with IoTHub.]
this.sasToken = new IotHubSasToken(
IotHubUri.getResourceUri(this.config.getIotHubHostname(), this.config.getDeviceId()),
this.config.getDeviceKey(),
System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000L + this.config.getTokenValidSecs() + 1L).toString();
try
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_009: [The function shall trigger the Reactor (Proton) to begin running.]
this.reactorFuture = this.startReactorAsync();
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_010: [The function shall wait for the reactor to be ready and for
// enough link credit to become available.]
this.connectionReady();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_011: [If any exception is thrown while attempting to trigger
// the reactor, the function shall close the connection and throw an IOException.]
this.close();
throw new IOException("Error opening Amqp connection: ", e);
}
}
}
/**
* Closes the {@link AmqpsIotHubConnection}.
*
* If the current connection is not closed, this function
* will set the current state to closed and invalidate all connection related variables.
*
*/
public void close()
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_048 [If the AMQPS connection is already closed, the function shall do nothing.]
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_012: [The function shall set the status of the AMQPS connection to CLOSED.]
this.state = State.CLOSED;
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_013: [The function shall close the AMQPS sender and receiver links,
// the AMQPS session and the AMQPS connection.]
if (this.sender != null)
this.sender.close();
if (this.receiver != null)
this.receiver.close();
if (this.session != null)
this.session.close();
if (this.connection != null)
this.connection.close();
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_014: [The function shall stop the Proton reactor.]
if (this.reactorFuture != null)
this.reactorFuture.cancel(true);
if (this.executorService != null)
this.executorService.shutdown();
}
/**
* Creates a binary message using the given content and messageId. Sends the created message using the sender link.
* @param message The message to be sent.
* @return An {@link Integer} representing the hash of the message, or -1 if the connection is closed.
*/
public Integer sendMessage(Message message)
{
Integer deliveryHash;
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_015: [If the state of the connection is CLOSED or there is not enough
// credit, the function shall return -1.]
if (this.state == State.CLOSED || this.linkCredit <= 0)
{
deliveryHash = -1;
}
else
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_016: [The function shall encode the message and copy the contents to the byte buffer.]
byte[] msgData = new byte[1024];
int length;
while (true)
{
try
{
length = message.encode(msgData, 0, msgData.length);
break;
}
catch (BufferOverflowException e)
{
msgData = new byte[msgData.length * 2];
}
}
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_017: [The function shall set the delivery tag for the sender.]
byte[] tag = String.valueOf(this. nextTag++).getBytes();
Delivery dlv = sender.delivery(tag);
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_018: [The function shall attempt to send the message using the sender link.]
sender.send(msgData, 0, length);
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_019: [The function shall advance the sender link.]
sender.advance();
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_020: [The function shall set the delivery hash to the value returned by the sender link.]
deliveryHash = dlv.hashCode();
}
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_021: [The function shall return the delivery hash.]
return deliveryHash;
}
/**
* Sends the message result for the previously received message.
*
* @param message the message to be acknowledged.
* @param result the message result (one of {@link IotHubMessageResult#COMPLETE},
* {@link IotHubMessageResult#ABANDON}, or {@link IotHubMessageResult#REJECT}).
*/
public Boolean sendMessageResult(AmqpsMessage message, IotHubMessageResult result)
{
Boolean ackResult = false;
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_022: [If the AMQPS Connection is closed, the function shall return false.]
if(this.state != State.CLOSED)
{
try
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_023: [If the message result is COMPLETE, ABANDON, or REJECT,
// the function shall acknowledge the last message with acknowledgement type COMPLETE, ABANDON, or REJECT respectively.]
switch (result)
{
case COMPLETE:
message.acknowledge(AmqpsMessage.ACK_TYPE.COMPLETE);
break;
case REJECT:
message.acknowledge(AmqpsMessage.ACK_TYPE.REJECT);
break;
case ABANDON:
message.acknowledge(AmqpsMessage.ACK_TYPE.ABANDON);
break;
default:
// should never happen.
throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid IoT Hub message result.");
}
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_024: [The function shall return true after the message was acknowledged.]
ackResult = true;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
//do nothing, since ackResult is already false
}
}
return ackResult;
}
/**
* Event handler for the connection init event
* @param event The Proton Event object.
*/
@Override
public void onConnectionInit(Event event)
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_025: [The event handler shall get the Connection (Proton) object from the event handler and set the host name on the connection.]
this.connection = event.getConnection();
this.connection.setHostname(this.hostName);
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_026: [The event handler shall create a Session (Proton) object from the connection.]
this.session = this.connection.session();
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_027: [The event handler shall create a Receiver and Sender (Proton) links and set the protocol tag on them to a predefined constant.]
this.receiver = this.session.receiver(receiveTag);
this.sender = this.session.sender(sendTag);
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_028: [The Receiver and Sender links shall have the properties set to client version identifier.]
Map properties = new HashMap<>();
properties.put(Symbol.getSymbol(versionIdentifierKey), TransportUtils.javaDeviceClientIdentifier + TransportUtils.clientVersion);
this.receiver.setProperties(properties);
this.sender.setProperties(properties);
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_029: [The event handler shall open the connection, session, sender and receiver objects.]
this.connection.open();
this.session.open();
receiver.open();
sender.open();
}
/**
* Event handler for the connection bound event. Sets Sasl authentication and proper authentication mode.
* @param event The Proton Event object.
*/
@Override
public void onConnectionBound(Event event)
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_030: [The event handler shall get the Transport (Proton) object from the event.]
Transport transport = event.getConnection().getTransport();
if(transport != null){
if (this.useWebSockets)
{
WebSocketImpl webSocket = (WebSocketImpl) transport.webSocket();
webSocket.configure(this.hostName, webSocketPath, 0, webSocketSubProtocol, null, null);
}
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_031: [The event handler shall set the SASL_PLAIN authentication on the transport using the given user name and sas token.]
Sasl sasl = transport.sasl();
sasl.plain(this.userName, this.sasToken);
SslDomain domain = makeDomain(SslDomain.Mode.CLIENT);
transport.ssl(domain);
}
}
/**
* Event handler for reactor init event.
* @param event Proton Event object
*/
@Override
public void onReactorInit(Event event)
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_033: [The event handler shall set the current handler to handle the connection events.]
event.getReactor().connection(this);
}
/**
* Event handler for the delivery event. This method handles both sending and receiving a message.
* @param event The Proton Event object.
*/
@Override
public void onDelivery(Event event)
{
if(event.getLink().getName().equals(receiveTag))
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_034: [If this link is the Receiver link, the event handler shall get the Receiver and Delivery (Proton) objects from the event.]
Receiver receiveLink = (Receiver) event.getLink();
Delivery delivery = receiveLink.current();
if (delivery.isReadable() && !delivery.isPartial()) {
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_035: [The event handler shall read the received buffer.]
int size = delivery.pending();
byte[] buffer = new byte[size];
int read = receiveLink.recv(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
receiveLink.advance();
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_036: [The event handler shall create an AmqpsMessage object from the decoded buffer.]
AmqpsMessage msg = new AmqpsMessage();
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_037: [The event handler shall set the AmqpsMessage Deliver (Proton) object.]
msg.setDelivery(delivery);
msg.decode(buffer, 0, read);
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_049: [All the listeners shall be notified that a message was received from the server.]
this.messageReceivedFromServer(msg);
}
}
else
{
//Sender specific section for dispositions it receives
if(event.getType() == Event.Type.DELIVERY)
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_038: [If this link is the Sender link and the event type is DELIVERY, the event handler shall get the Delivery (Proton) object from the event.]
Delivery d = event.getDelivery();
DeliveryState remoteState = d.getRemoteState();
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_039: [The event handler shall note the remote delivery state and use it and the Delivery (Proton) hash code to inform the AmqpsIotHubConnection of the message receipt.]
boolean state = remoteState.equals(Accepted.getInstance());
//let any listener know that the message was received by the server
for(ServerListener listener : listeners)
{
listener.messageSent(d.hashCode(), state);
}
}
}
}
/**
* Event handler for the link flow event. Handles sending a single message.
* @param event The Proton Event object.
*/
@Override
public void onLinkFlow(Event event)
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_040: [The event handler shall save the remaining link credit.]
this.linkCredit = event.getLink().getCredit();
}
/**
* Event handler for the link remote open event. This signifies that the
* {@link org.apache.qpid.proton.reactor.Reactor} is ready, so we set the connection to OPEN.
* @param event The Proton Event object.
*/
@Override
public void onLinkRemoteOpen(Event event)
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_041: [The connection state shall be considered OPEN when the sender link is open remotely.]
Link link = event.getLink();
if (link.getName().equals(sendTag))
{
this.state = State.OPEN;
}
}
/**
* Event handler for the link remote close event. This triggers reconnection attempts until successful.
* Both sender and receiver links closing trigger this event, so we only handle one of them,
* since the other is redundant.
* @param event The Proton Event object.
*/
@Override
public void onLinkRemoteClose(Event event)
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_042 [The event handler shall attempt to reconnect to the IoTHub.]
if (event.getLink().getName().equals(sendTag))
{
reconnect();
}
}
/**
* Event handler for the link init event. Sets the proper target address on the link.
* @param event The Proton Event object.
*/
@Override
public void onLinkInit(Event event)
{
Link link = event.getLink();
if(link.getName().equals(sendTag))
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_043: [If the link is the Sender link, the event handler shall create a new Target (Proton) object using the sender endpoint address member variable.]
Target t = new Target();
t.setAddress(this.sendEndpoint);
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_044: [If the link is the Sender link, the event handler shall set its target to the created Target (Proton) object.]
link.setTarget(t);
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_14_045: [If the link is the Sender link, the event handler shall set the SenderSettleMode to UNSETTLED.]
link.setSenderSettleMode(SenderSettleMode.UNSETTLED);
}
else
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_14_046: [If the link is the Receiver link, the event handler shall create a new Source (Proton) object using the receiver endpoint address member variable.]
Source source = new Source();
source.setAddress(this.receiveEndpoint);
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_14_047: [If the link is the Receiver link, the event handler shall set its source to the created Source (Proton) object.]
link.setSource(source);
}
}
/**
* Event handler for the transport error event. This triggers reconnection attempts until successful.
* @param event The Proton Event object.
*/
@Override
public void onTransportError(Event event)
{
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_048: [The event handler shall attempt to reconnect to IoTHub.]
this.reconnect();
}
/**
* Asynchronously runs the Proton {@link Reactor} accepting and sending messages.
* @throws IOException if there is an issue creating the reactor.
*/
private Future startReactorAsync() throws IOException
{
Reactor reactor = Proton.reactor(this);
IotHubReactor iotHubReactor = new IotHubReactor(reactor);
executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
ReactorRunner reactorRunner = new ReactorRunner(iotHubReactor);
return executorService.submit(reactorRunner);
}
/**
* Waits for the reactor to be ready and for enough link credit to be available.
* @throws InterruptedException If the current thread was interrupted
*/
private void connectionReady() throws InterruptedException
{
int waitTime = 0;
while(state == State.CLOSED || this.linkCredit == -1)
{
Thread.sleep(100);
waitTime+=100;
if (waitTime > maxWaitTimeForOpeningConnection)
{
throw new InterruptedException("Waited too long for the connection to open.");
}
}
System.out.println("Connection with the server established successfully.");
}
/**
* Subscribe a listener to the list of listeners.
* @param listener the listener to be subscribed.
*/
public void addListener(ServerListener listener)
{
listeners.add(listener);
}
/**
* Notifies all listeners that the connection was lost and attempts to reconnect to the IoTHub
* using an exponential backoff interval.
*/
private void reconnect()
{
this.close();
for(ServerListener listener : listeners)
{
listener.connectionLost();
}
int currentReconnectionAttempt = 1;
while (this.state == State.CLOSED)
{
try
{
this.open();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
try
{
System.out.println("Lost connection to the server. Reconnection attempt " + currentReconnectionAttempt++ + "...");
Thread.sleep(TransportUtils.generateSleepInterval(currentReconnectionAttempt));
}
catch (InterruptedException ex)
{
// do nothing, reconnection attempts will continue
}
}
}
}
/**
* Notifies all the listeners that a message was received from the server.
* @param msg The message received from server.
*/
private void messageReceivedFromServer(AmqpsMessage msg)
{
for(ServerListener listener : listeners)
{
listener.messageReceived(msg);
}
}
/**
* Class which runs the reactor.
*/
private class ReactorRunner implements Callable
{
private IotHubReactor iotHubReactor;
ReactorRunner(IotHubReactor iotHubReactor)
{
this.iotHubReactor = iotHubReactor;
}
@Override
public Object call()
{
iotHubReactor.run();
return null;
}
}
/**
* Create Proton SslDomain object from Address using the given Ssl mode
* @param mode Proton enum value of requested Ssl mode
* @return the created Ssl domain
*/
private SslDomain makeDomain(SslDomain.Mode mode)
{
SslDomain domain = Proton.sslDomain();
String trustedDB = getPemFormat(this.config.getPathToCertificate());
if (trustedDB != null )
{
domain.setTrustedCaDb(trustedDB);
}
// Codes_SRS_AMQPSIOTHUBCONNECTION_15_032: [The event handler shall set VERIFY_PEER authentication mode on the domain of the Transport.]
if (domain.getTrustedCaDb() != null)
{
domain.setPeerAuthentication(SslDomain.VerifyMode.VERIFY_PEER);
}
else
{
throw new IllegalStateException("SSL connection unsecured, could not find certificate");
}
domain.init(mode);
return domain;
}
private String getPemFormat(String certPath) {
if (!isPemFile(certPath))
certPath = convertToPem(certPath);
return certPath;
}
private boolean isPemFile(String path) {
PEMReader pemReader = null;
Reader reader = null;
try {
reader = new FileReader(path);
pemReader = new PEMReader(reader, null);
for (String line = pemReader.readLine(); line != null; line = pemReader.readLine()) {
if (line.contains("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----")) return true;
}
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new IOError(e);
}
finally
{
if (pemReader != null) {
try {
pemReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Couldn't close PEM Reader");
}
}
if (reader != null) {
try {
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Couldn't close reader");
}
}
}
return false;
}
private String convertToPem(String derPath) {
FileInputStream in = null;
FileWriter writer = null;
PEMWriter pemWriter = null;
try
{
CertificateFactory certFactory = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
in = new FileInputStream(derPath);
Certificate cert = certFactory.generateCertificate(in);
writer = new FileWriter(derPath + ".pem");
try {
pemWriter = new PEMWriter(writer);
pemWriter.writeObject(cert);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new IOError(e);
}
}
catch (IOException e)
{
throw new IOError(e);
}
catch (CertificateException e)
{
throw new IOError(e);
}
finally
{
if(pemWriter != null)
{
try
{
pemWriter.close();
}
catch(IOException e)
{
System.out.println("Couldn't close PEM writer");
}
}
if(writer != null)
{
try
{
writer.close();
}
catch(IOException e)
{
System.out.println("Couldn't close writer");
}
}
if(in != null)
{
try
{
in.close();
}
catch(IOException e)
{
System.out.println("Couldn't close Input Stream");
}
}
}
return derPath + ".pem" ;
}
}
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