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/*
* Copyright (c) 2020, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
* the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0, as published by the
* Free Software Foundation.
*
* This program is also distributed with certain software (including but not
* limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms, as designated in a
* particular file or component or in included license documentation. The
* authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional permission to link the
* program and your derivative works with the separately licensed software that
* they have included with MySQL.
*
* Without limiting anything contained in the foregoing, this file, which is
* part of MySQL Connector/J, is also subject to the Universal FOSS Exception,
* version 1.0, a copy of which can be found at
* http://oss.oracle.com/licenses/universal-foss-exception.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License, version 2.0,
* for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
* this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
* 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
*/
package com.mysql.cj.sasl;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.security.sasl.SaslClient;
import javax.security.sasl.SaslException;
import com.mysql.cj.util.SaslPrep;
import com.mysql.cj.util.SaslPrep.StringType;
import com.mysql.cj.util.StringUtils;
/**
* A {@link SaslClient} implementation for SCRAM-SHA mechanisms as specified in RFC 5802.
* Subclasses of this class must implement the hashing algorithms for the corresponding authentication mechanism.
*/
public abstract class ScramShaSaslClient implements SaslClient {
protected enum ScramExchangeStage {
TERMINATED(null), SERVER_FINAL(TERMINATED), SERVER_FIRST_CLIENT_FINAL(SERVER_FINAL), CLIENT_FIRST(SERVER_FIRST_CLIENT_FINAL);
private ScramExchangeStage next;
private ScramExchangeStage(ScramExchangeStage next) {
this.next = next;
}
public ScramExchangeStage getNext() {
return this.next == null ? this : this.next;
}
}
protected static final int MINIMUM_ITERATIONS = 4096;
protected static final String GS2_CBIND_FLAG = "n";
protected static final byte[] CLIENT_KEY = "Client Key".getBytes();
protected static final byte[] SERVER_KEY = "Server Key".getBytes();
protected String authorizationId;
protected String authenticationId;
protected String password;
protected ScramExchangeStage scramStage = ScramExchangeStage.CLIENT_FIRST;
protected String cNonce;
protected String gs2Header;
protected String clientFirstMessageBare;
protected byte[] serverSignature;
public ScramShaSaslClient(String authorizationId, String authenticationId, String password) throws SaslException {
this.authorizationId = StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(authorizationId) ? "" : authorizationId;
this.authenticationId = StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(authenticationId) ? this.authorizationId : authenticationId;
if (StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(this.authenticationId)) {
throw new SaslException("The authenticationId cannot be null or empty.");
}
this.password = StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(password) ? "" : password;
this.scramStage = ScramExchangeStage.CLIENT_FIRST;
}
/**
* Returns the real IANA-registered mechanism name of this SASL client. This is the same as {@link SaslClient#getMechanismName()} except that subclasses may
* use custom mechanism names to avoid future name clashes.
*
* @return
* a non-null string representing the IANA-registered mechanism name.
*/
abstract String getIanaMechanismName();
@Override
public boolean hasInitialResponse() {
return true;
}
@Override
public byte[] evaluateChallenge(byte[] challenge) throws SaslException {
try {
switch (this.scramStage) {
case CLIENT_FIRST: // Process client-first-message.
// client-first-message = gs2-header client-first-message-bare
// gs2-header = gs2-cbind-flag "," [ authzid ] ","
// gs2-cbind-flag = "n"
// authzid = "a=" saslname
// client-first-message-bare = username "," nonce
// username = "n=" saslname
// saslname = 1*(value-safe-char / "=2C" / "=3D")
// value-safe-char = UTF8
// ;; UTF8 except NUL, "=", and ",".
// nonce = "r=" c-nonce [s-nonce]
// ;; Second part provided by server.
// c-nonce = printable
// printable = %x21-2B / %x2D-7E
// ;; Printable ASCII except ",".
this.gs2Header = GS2_CBIND_FLAG + "," + (StringUtils.isNullOrEmpty(this.authorizationId) ? "" : "a=" + prepUserName(this.authorizationId))
+ ",";
this.cNonce = generateRandomPrintableAsciiString(32);
this.clientFirstMessageBare = "n=" + prepUserName(this.authenticationId) + ",r=" + this.cNonce;
String clientFirstMessage = this.gs2Header + this.clientFirstMessageBare;
return StringUtils.getBytes(clientFirstMessage, "UTF-8");
case SERVER_FIRST_CLIENT_FINAL: // Process server-first-message & client-final-message.
// 1st part: server-first-message.
String serverFirstMessage = StringUtils.toString(challenge, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
Map serverFirstAttributes = parseChallenge(serverFirstMessage);
if (!serverFirstAttributes.containsKey("r") || !serverFirstAttributes.containsKey("s") || !serverFirstAttributes.containsKey("i")) {
throw new SaslException("Missing required SCRAM attribute from server first message.");
}
String sNonce = serverFirstAttributes.get("r");
if (!sNonce.startsWith(this.cNonce)) {
throw new SaslException("Invalid server nonce for " + getIanaMechanismName() + " authentication.");
}
byte[] salt = Base64.getDecoder().decode(serverFirstAttributes.get("s"));
int iterations = Integer.parseInt(serverFirstAttributes.get("i"));
if (iterations < MINIMUM_ITERATIONS) {
throw new SaslException("Announced " + getIanaMechanismName() + " iteration count is too low.");
}
// 2nd part: client-final-message.
// client-final-message-without-proof = channel-binding "," nonce
// channel-binding = "c=" base64
// ;; base64 encoding of cbind-input.
// cbind-input = gs2-header
String clientFinalMessageWithoutProof = "c=" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(StringUtils.getBytes(this.gs2Header, "UTF-8")) + ",r="
+ sNonce;
// Compute ClientProof:
// SaltedPassword := Hi(Normalize(password), salt, i)
// ClientKey := HMAC(SaltedPassword, "Client Key")
// StoredKey := H(ClientKey)
// AuthMessage := client-first-message-bare + "," + server-first-message + "," + client-final-message-without-proof
// ClientSignature := HMAC(StoredKey, AuthMessage)
// ClientProof := ClientKey XOR ClientSignature
byte[] saltedPassword = hi(SaslPrep.prepare(this.password, StringType.STORED), salt, iterations);
byte[] clientKey = hmac(saltedPassword, CLIENT_KEY);
byte[] storedKey = h(clientKey);
String authMessage = this.clientFirstMessageBare + "," + serverFirstMessage + "," + clientFinalMessageWithoutProof;
byte[] clientSignature = hmac(storedKey, StringUtils.getBytes(authMessage, "UTF-8"));
byte[] clientProof = clientKey.clone();
xorInPlace(clientProof, clientSignature);
// client-final-message = client-final-message-without-proof "," proof
// proof = "p=" base64
String clientFinalMessage = clientFinalMessageWithoutProof + ",p=" + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(clientProof);
// Compute ServerSignature (for future verification):
// ServerKey := HMAC(SaltedPassword, "Server Key")
// ServerSignature := HMAC(ServerKey, AuthMessage)
byte[] serverKey = hmac(saltedPassword, SERVER_KEY);
this.serverSignature = hmac(serverKey, StringUtils.getBytes(authMessage, "UTF-8"));
return StringUtils.getBytes(clientFinalMessage, "UTF-8");
case SERVER_FINAL: // Process server-final-message.
String serverFinalMessage = StringUtils.toString(challenge, "UTF-8");
Map serverFinalAttributes = parseChallenge(serverFinalMessage);
if (serverFinalAttributes.containsKey("e")) {
throw new SaslException("Authentication failed due to server error '" + serverFinalAttributes.get("e") + "'.");
}
if (!serverFinalAttributes.containsKey("v")) {
throw new SaslException("Missing required SCRAM attribute from server final message.");
}
// verifier = "v=" base64
// ;; base-64 encoded ServerSignature.
byte[] verifier = Base64.getDecoder().decode(serverFinalAttributes.get("v"));
if (!MessageDigest.isEqual(this.serverSignature, verifier)) {
throw new SaslException(getIanaMechanismName() + " server signature could not be verified.");
}
break;
default:
throw new SaslException("Unexpected SCRAM authentication message.");
}
return null;
} catch (Throwable e) {
this.scramStage = ScramExchangeStage.TERMINATED;
throw e;
} finally {
this.scramStage = this.scramStage.getNext();
}
}
@Override
public boolean isComplete() {
return this.scramStage == ScramExchangeStage.TERMINATED;
}
@Override
public byte[] unwrap(byte[] incoming, int offset, int len) throws SaslException {
throw new IllegalStateException("Integrity and/or privacy has not been negotiated.");
}
@Override
public byte[] wrap(byte[] outgoing, int offset, int len) throws SaslException {
throw new IllegalStateException("Integrity and/or privacy has not been negotiated.");
}
@Override
public Object getNegotiatedProperty(String propName) {
return null;
}
@Override
public void dispose() throws SaslException {
}
private String prepUserName(String userName) {
return SaslPrep.prepare(userName, StringType.QUERY).replace("=", "=2D").replace(",", "=2C");
}
/**
* Parses a SASL challenge.
*
* @param challenge
* the server message (challenge) to parse.
* @return
* a {@link Map} with the key/value pairs obtained from the server challenge.
*/
private Map parseChallenge(String challenge) {
Map attributesMap = new HashMap<>();
for (String attribute : challenge.split(",")) {
String[] keyValue = attribute.split("=", 2);
attributesMap.put(keyValue[0], keyValue[1]);
}
return attributesMap;
}
/**
* Generates a RFC 5802 safe nonce: "a sequence of random printable ASCII characters excluding ','"
*
* @param length
* the length of the nonce.
* @return
* a randomly generated string formed by printable ASCII characters except comma.
*/
private String generateRandomPrintableAsciiString(int length) {
final int first = 0x21; // First printable ASCII character: exclamation mark (!).
final int last = 0x7E; // Last printable ASCII character: tilde (~).
final int excl = 0x2C; // Comma (,) is excluded as per RFC 5802 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5802#section-5.1).
final int bound = last - first;
Random random = new SecureRandom();
char[] result = new char[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length;) {
int randomValue = random.nextInt(bound) + first;
if (randomValue != excl) {
result[i++] = (char) randomValue;
}
}
return new String(result);
}
/**
* The "H(str)" cryptographic hash function as described in RFC 5802, Section 2.2.
*
* @param str
* the string to hash.
* @return
* the hash value of the given string.
*/
abstract byte[] h(byte[] str);
/**
* The "HMAC(key, str)" HMAC keyed hash algorithm as described in RFC 5802, Section 2.2.
*
* @param key
* the hash key.
* @param str
* the input string.
* @return
* the hashed value of the given params.
*/
abstract byte[] hmac(byte[] key, byte[] str);
/**
* The "Hi(str, salt, i)" PBKDF2 function as described in RFC 5802, Section 2.2.
*
* @param str
* the string value to use as the internal HMAC key.
* @param salt
* the input string to hash in the initial iteration.
* @param iterations
* the number of iterations to run the algorithm.
*
* @return
* an hash value with an output length equal to the length of H(str).
*/
abstract byte[] hi(String str, byte[] salt, int iterations);
/**
* Combines the two byte arrays in a XOR operation, changing the contents of the first.
*
* @param inOut
* the left operand of the XOR operation and the destination of the result.
* @param other
* the right operand of the XOR operation.
* @return
* the same as the param inOut, after being updated.
*/
byte[] xorInPlace(byte[] inOut, byte[] other) {
for (int i = 0; i < inOut.length; i++) {
inOut[i] ^= other[i];
}
return inOut;
}
}
