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/**
* Copyright 2015 Netflix, Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.netflix.spectator.api.histogram;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.function.LongFunction;
/**
* Helpers for creating bucketing functions.
*/
public final class BucketFunctions {
/**
* Predefined formatters used to create the bucket labels.
*/
static final List FORMATTERS = new ArrayList<>();
static {
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toNanos(10), 1, "ns", TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toNanos(100), 2, "ns", TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.toNanos(1), 3, "ns", TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.toNanos(8), 4, "ns", TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.toNanos(10), 1, "us", TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.toNanos(100), 2, "us", TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(1), 3, "us", TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(8), 4, "us", TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(10), 1, "ms", TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toNanos(100), 2, "ms", TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(1), 3, "ms", TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(8), 4, "ms", TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(10), 1, "s", TimeUnit.SECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(100), 2, "s", TimeUnit.SECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toNanos(8), 3, "s", TimeUnit.SECONDS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toNanos(10), 1, "min", TimeUnit.MINUTES));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.MINUTES.toNanos(100), 2, "min", TimeUnit.MINUTES));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.HOURS.toNanos(8), 3, "min", TimeUnit.MINUTES));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.HOURS.toNanos(10), 1, "h", TimeUnit.HOURS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.HOURS.toNanos(100), 2, "h", TimeUnit.HOURS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.DAYS.toNanos(8), 1, "h", TimeUnit.HOURS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.DAYS.toNanos(10), 1, "d", TimeUnit.DAYS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.DAYS.toNanos(100), 2, "d", TimeUnit.DAYS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.DAYS.toNanos(1000), 3, "d", TimeUnit.DAYS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.DAYS.toNanos(10000), 4, "d", TimeUnit.DAYS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(TimeUnit.DAYS.toNanos(100000), 5, "d", TimeUnit.DAYS));
FORMATTERS.add(fmt(Long.MAX_VALUE, 6, "d", TimeUnit.DAYS));
// TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toDays(java.lang.Long.MAX_VALUE) == 106751
}
private static ValueFormatter fmt(long max, int width, String suffix, TimeUnit unit) {
return new ValueFormatter(max, width, suffix, unit);
}
private BucketFunctions() {
}
private static ValueFormatter getFormatter(long max) {
for (ValueFormatter f : FORMATTERS) {
if (max < f.max) {
return f;
}
}
return new ValueFormatter(max, ("" + max).length(), "ns", TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
}
private static LongFunction timeBiasZero(
String ltZero, String gtMax, long max, TimeUnit unit) {
final long nanos = unit.toNanos(max);
final ValueFormatter f = getFormatter(nanos);
final long v = f.unit().convert(max, unit);
List buckets = new ArrayList<>();
buckets.add(new Bucket(ltZero, 0L));
buckets.add(f.newBucket(v / 8));
buckets.add(f.newBucket(v / 4));
buckets.add(f.newBucket(v / 2));
buckets.add(f.newBucket(v));
return new ListBucketFunction(buckets, gtMax);
}
private static LongFunction timeBiasMax(
String ltZero, String gtMax, long max, TimeUnit unit) {
final long nanos = unit.toNanos(max);
final ValueFormatter f = getFormatter(nanos);
final long v = f.unit().convert(max, unit);
List buckets = new ArrayList<>();
buckets.add(new Bucket(ltZero, 0L));
buckets.add(f.newBucket(v - v / 2));
buckets.add(f.newBucket(v - v / 4));
buckets.add(f.newBucket(v - v / 8));
buckets.add(f.newBucket(v));
return new ListBucketFunction(buckets, gtMax);
}
/**
* Returns a function that maps age values to a set of buckets. Example use-case would be
* tracking the age of data flowing through a processing pipeline. Values that are less than
* 0 will be marked as "future". These typically occur due to minor variations in the clocks
* across nodes. In addition to a bucket at the max, it will create buckets at max / 2, max / 4,
* and max / 8.
*
* @param max
* Maximum expected age of data flowing through. Values greater than this max will be mapped
* to an "old" bucket.
* @param unit
* Unit for the max value.
* @return
* Function mapping age values to string labels. The labels for buckets will sort
* so they can be used with a simple group by.
*/
public static LongFunction age(long max, TimeUnit unit) {
return timeBiasZero("future", "old", max, unit);
}
/**
* Returns a function that maps latencies to a set of buckets. Example use-case would be
* tracking the amount of time to process a request on a server. Values that are less than
* 0 will be marked as "negative_latency". These typically occur due to minor variations in the
* clocks, e.g., using {@link System#currentTimeMillis()} to measure the latency and having a
* time adjustment between the start and end. In addition to a bucket at the max, it will create
* buckets at max / 2, max / 4, and max / 8.
*
* @param max
* Maximum expected age of data flowing through. Values greater than this max will be mapped
* to an "old" bucket.
* @param unit
* Unit for the max value.
* @return
* Function mapping age values to string labels. The labels for buckets will sort
* so they can be used with a simple group by.
*/
public static LongFunction latency(long max, TimeUnit unit) {
return timeBiasZero("negative_latency", "slow", max, unit);
}
/**
* Returns a function that maps age values to a set of buckets. Example use-case would be
* tracking the age of data flowing through a processing pipeline. Values that are less than
* 0 will be marked as "future". These typically occur due to minor variations in the clocks
* across nodes. In addition to a bucket at the max, it will create buckets at max - max / 8,
* max - max / 4, and max - max / 2.
*
* @param max
* Maximum expected age of data flowing through. Values greater than this max will be mapped
* to an "old" bucket.
* @param unit
* Unit for the max value.
* @return
* Function mapping age values to string labels. The labels for buckets will sort
* so they can be used with a simple group by.
*/
public static LongFunction ageBiasOld(long max, TimeUnit unit) {
return timeBiasMax("future", "old", max, unit);
}
/**
* Returns a function that maps latencies to a set of buckets. Example use-case would be
* tracking the amount of time to process a request on a server. Values that are less than
* 0 will be marked as "negative_latency". These typically occur due to minor variations in the
* clocks, e.g., using {@link System#currentTimeMillis()} to measure the latency and having a
* time adjustment between the start and end. In addition to a bucket at the max, it will create
* buckets at max - max / 8, max - max / 4, and max - max / 2.
*
* @param max
* Maximum expected age of data flowing through. Values greater than this max will be mapped
* to an "old" bucket.
* @param unit
* Unit for the max value.
* @return
* Function mapping age values to string labels. The labels for buckets will sort
* so they can be used with a simple group by.
*/
public static LongFunction latencyBiasSlow(long max, TimeUnit unit) {
return timeBiasMax("negative_latency", "slow", max, unit);
}
/**
* Format a value as a bucket label.
*/
static class ValueFormatter {
private final long max;
private final String fmt;
private final TimeUnit unit;
/**
* Create a new instance.
*
* @param max
* Maximum value intended to be passed into the apply method. Max value is in nanoseconds.
* @param width
* Number of digits to use for the numeric part of the label.
* @param suffix
* Unit suffix appended to the label.
* @param unit
* Unit for the value in the label.
*/
ValueFormatter(long max, int width, String suffix, TimeUnit unit) {
this.max = max;
this.fmt = "%0" + width + "d" + suffix;
this.unit = unit;
}
/** Return the max value intended for this formatter. */
long max() {
return max;
}
/** Return the unit for the formatter. */
TimeUnit unit() {
return unit;
}
/** Convert the value {@code v} into a bucket label string. */
String apply(long v) {
return String.format(fmt, unit.convert(v, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS));
}
/** Return a new bucket for the specified value. */
Bucket newBucket(long v) {
final long nanos = unit.toNanos(v);
return new Bucket(apply(nanos), nanos);
}
}
private static class ListBucketFunction implements LongFunction {
private final List buckets;
private final String fallback;
ListBucketFunction(List buckets, String fallback) {
this.buckets = buckets;
this.fallback = fallback;
}
@Override public String apply(long amount) {
for (Bucket b : buckets) {
if (amount < b.upperBoundary) {
return b.name();
}
}
return fallback;
}
}
private static class Bucket {
private final String name;
private final long upperBoundary;
Bucket(String name, long upperBoundary) {
this.name = name;
this.upperBoundary = upperBoundary;
}
String name() {
return name;
}
long upperBoundary() {
return upperBoundary;
}
@Override public String toString() {
return String.format("Bucket(%s,%d)", name, upperBoundary);
}
}
}
