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/*
* Copyright 2010-2012 Ning, Inc.
*
* Ning licenses this file to you under the Apache License, version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the
* License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package com.ning.billing.meter.timeline.codec;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.ning.billing.meter.timeline.chunks.TimelineChunk;
import com.ning.billing.meter.timeline.consumer.SampleProcessor;
import com.ning.billing.meter.timeline.samples.HalfFloat;
import com.ning.billing.meter.timeline.samples.RepeatSample;
import com.ning.billing.meter.timeline.samples.SampleBase;
import com.ning.billing.meter.timeline.samples.SampleOpcode;
import com.ning.billing.meter.timeline.samples.ScalarSample;
import com.ning.billing.meter.timeline.times.DefaultTimelineCursor;
import com.ning.billing.meter.timeline.times.TimelineCursor;
/**
* Instances of this class encode sample streams. In addition, this class
* contains a collection of static methods providing lower-level encoding plumbing
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public class DefaultSampleCoder implements SampleCoder {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DefaultSampleCoder.class);
private static final BigInteger BIGINTEGER_ZERO_VALUE = new BigInteger("0");
private static final ScalarSample DOUBLE_ZERO_SAMPLE = new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.DOUBLE_ZERO, null);
private static final ScalarSample INT_ZERO_SAMPLE = new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.INT_ZERO, null);
// TODO: Figure out if 1/200 is an acceptable level of inaccuracy
// For the HalfFloat, which has a 10-bit mantissa, this means that it could differ
// in the last 3 bits of the mantissa and still be treated as matching.
public static final double MAX_FRACTION_ERROR = 1.0 / 200.0;
public static final double HALF_MAX_FRACTION_ERROR = MAX_FRACTION_ERROR / 2.0;
private static final double MIN_BYTE_DOUBLE_VALUE = ((double) Byte.MIN_VALUE) * (1.0 + HALF_MAX_FRACTION_ERROR);
private static final double MAX_BYTE_DOUBLE_VALUE = ((double) Byte.MAX_VALUE) * (1.0 + HALF_MAX_FRACTION_ERROR);
private static final double MIN_SHORT_DOUBLE_VALUE = ((double) Short.MIN_VALUE) * (1.0 + HALF_MAX_FRACTION_ERROR);
private static final double MAX_SHORT_DOUBLE_VALUE = ((double) Short.MAX_VALUE) * (1.0 + HALF_MAX_FRACTION_ERROR);
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private static final double INVERSE_MAX_FRACTION_ERROR = 1.0 / MAX_FRACTION_ERROR;
@Override
public byte[] compressSamples(final List samples) {
final SampleAccumulator accumulator = new SampleAccumulator(this);
accumulator.addSampleList(samples);
return accumulator.getEncodedSamples().getEncodedBytes();
}
@Override
public List decompressSamples(final byte[] sampleBytes) throws IOException {
final List returnedSamples = new ArrayList();
final ByteArrayInputStream byteStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(sampleBytes);
final DataInputStream inputStream = new DataInputStream(byteStream);
while (true) {
final int opcodeByte;
opcodeByte = inputStream.read();
if (opcodeByte == -1) {
break; // At "eof"
}
final SampleOpcode opcode = SampleOpcode.getOpcodeFromIndex(opcodeByte);
switch (opcode) {
case REPEAT_BYTE:
case REPEAT_SHORT:
final int repeatCount = opcode == SampleOpcode.REPEAT_BYTE ? inputStream.readUnsignedByte() : inputStream.readUnsignedShort();
final SampleOpcode repeatedOpcode = SampleOpcode.getOpcodeFromIndex(inputStream.read());
final Object value = decodeScalarValue(inputStream, repeatedOpcode);
for (int i = 0; i < repeatCount; i++) {
returnedSamples.add(new ScalarSample(repeatedOpcode, value));
}
break;
default:
returnedSamples.add(new ScalarSample(opcode, decodeScalarValue(inputStream, opcode)));
break;
}
}
return returnedSamples;
}
/**
* This method writes the binary encoding of the sample to the outputStream. This encoding
* is the form saved in the db and scanned when read from the db.
*
* @param outputStream the stream to which bytes should be written
* @param sample the sample to be written
*/
@Override
public void encodeSample(final DataOutputStream outputStream, final SampleBase sample) {
final SampleOpcode opcode = sample.getOpcode();
try {
// First put out the opcode value
switch (opcode) {
case REPEAT_BYTE:
case REPEAT_SHORT:
final RepeatSample r = (RepeatSample) sample;
final ScalarSample repeatee = r.getSampleRepeated();
outputStream.write(opcode.getOpcodeIndex());
if (opcode == SampleOpcode.REPEAT_BYTE) {
outputStream.write(r.getRepeatCount());
} else {
outputStream.writeShort(r.getRepeatCount());
}
encodeScalarValue(outputStream, repeatee.getOpcode(), repeatee.getSampleValue());
case NULL:
break;
default:
if (sample instanceof ScalarSample) {
encodeScalarValue(outputStream, opcode, ((ScalarSample) sample).getSampleValue());
} else {
log.error("In encodeSample, opcode {} is not ScalarSample; instead {}", opcode.name(), sample.getClass().getName());
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(String.format("In encodeSample, IOException encoding opcode %s and value %s", opcode.name(), String.valueOf(sample)), e);
}
}
/**
* Output the scalar value into the output stream
*
* @param outputStream the stream to which bytes should be written
* @param value the sample value, interpreted according to the opcode
*/
@Override
public void encodeScalarValue(final DataOutputStream outputStream, final SampleOpcode opcode, final Object value) {
try {
outputStream.write(opcode.getOpcodeIndex());
switch (opcode) {
case NULL:
case DOUBLE_ZERO:
case INT_ZERO:
break;
case BYTE:
case BYTE_FOR_DOUBLE:
outputStream.writeByte((Byte) value);
break;
case SHORT:
case SHORT_FOR_DOUBLE:
case HALF_FLOAT_FOR_DOUBLE:
outputStream.writeShort((Short) value);
break;
case INT:
outputStream.writeInt((Integer) value);
break;
case LONG:
outputStream.writeLong((Long) value);
break;
case FLOAT:
case FLOAT_FOR_DOUBLE:
outputStream.writeFloat((Float) value);
break;
case DOUBLE:
outputStream.writeDouble((Double) value);
break;
case STRING:
final String s = (String) value;
final byte[] bytes = s.getBytes("UTF-8");
outputStream.writeShort(s.length());
outputStream.write(bytes, 0, bytes.length);
break;
case BIGINT:
final String bs = value.toString();
// Only support bigints whose length can be encoded as a short
if (bs.length() > Short.MAX_VALUE) {
throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("In DefaultSampleCoder.encodeScalarValue(), the string length of the BigInteger is %d; too large to be represented in a Short", bs.length()));
}
final byte[] bbytes = bs.getBytes("UTF-8");
outputStream.writeShort(bs.length());
outputStream.write(bbytes, 0, bbytes.length);
break;
default:
final String err = String.format("In encodeScalarSample, opcode %s is unrecognized", opcode.name());
log.error(err);
throw new IllegalArgumentException(err);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error(String.format("In encodeScalarValue, IOException encoding opcode %s and value %s", opcode.name(), String.valueOf(value)), e);
}
}
/**
* This routine returns a ScalarSample that may have a smaller representation than the
* ScalarSample argument. In particular, if tries hard to choose the most compact
* representation of double-precision values.
*
* @param sample A ScalarSample to be compressed
* @return Either the same ScalarSample is that input, for for some cases of opcode DOUBLE,
* a more compact ScalarSample which when processed returns a double value.
*/
@Override
public ScalarSample compressSample(final ScalarSample sample) {
switch (sample.getOpcode()) {
case INT:
final int intValue = (Integer) sample.getSampleValue();
if (intValue == 0) {
return INT_ZERO_SAMPLE;
} else if (intValue >= Byte.MIN_VALUE && intValue <= Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.BYTE, (byte) intValue);
} else if (intValue >= Short.MIN_VALUE && intValue <= Short.MAX_VALUE) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.SHORT, (short) intValue);
} else {
return sample;
}
case LONG:
final long longValue = (Long) sample.getSampleValue();
if (longValue == 0) {
return INT_ZERO_SAMPLE;
} else if (longValue >= Byte.MIN_VALUE && longValue <= Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.BYTE, (byte) longValue);
} else if (longValue >= Short.MIN_VALUE && longValue <= Short.MAX_VALUE) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.SHORT, (short) longValue);
} else if (longValue >= Integer.MIN_VALUE && longValue <= Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.INT, (int) longValue);
} else {
return sample;
}
case BIGINT:
final BigInteger bigValue = (BigInteger) sample.getSampleValue();
if (bigValue.compareTo(BIGINTEGER_ZERO_VALUE) == 0) {
return INT_ZERO_SAMPLE;
}
final int digits = 1 + bigValue.bitCount();
if (digits <= 8) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.BYTE, (byte) bigValue.intValue());
} else if (digits <= 16) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.SHORT, (short) bigValue.intValue());
} else if (digits <= 32) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.INT, bigValue.intValue());
} else if (digits <= 64) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.LONG, bigValue.longValue());
} else {
return sample;
}
case FLOAT:
return encodeFloatOrDoubleSample(sample, (double) ((Float) sample.getSampleValue()));
case DOUBLE:
return encodeFloatOrDoubleSample(sample, (Double) sample.getSampleValue());
default:
return sample;
}
}
private ScalarSample encodeFloatOrDoubleSample(final ScalarSample sample, final double value) {
// We prefer representations in the following order: byte, HalfFloat, short, float and int
// The criterion for using each representation is the fractional error
if (value == 0.0) {
return DOUBLE_ZERO_SAMPLE;
}
final boolean integral = value >= MIN_SHORT_DOUBLE_VALUE && value <= MAX_SHORT_DOUBLE_VALUE && (Math.abs((value - (double) ((int) value)) / value) <= MAX_FRACTION_ERROR);
if (integral && value >= MIN_BYTE_DOUBLE_VALUE && value <= MAX_BYTE_DOUBLE_VALUE) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.BYTE_FOR_DOUBLE, (byte) value);
} else if (integral && value >= MIN_SHORT_DOUBLE_VALUE && value <= MAX_SHORT_DOUBLE_VALUE) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.SHORT_FOR_DOUBLE, (short) value);
} else {
final int halfFloatValue = HalfFloat.fromFloat((float) value);
if ((Math.abs(value - HalfFloat.toFloat(halfFloatValue)) / value) <= MAX_FRACTION_ERROR) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.HALF_FLOAT_FOR_DOUBLE, (short) halfFloatValue);
} else if (value >= Float.MIN_VALUE && value <= Float.MAX_VALUE) {
return new ScalarSample(SampleOpcode.FLOAT_FOR_DOUBLE, (float) value);
} else {
return sample;
}
}
}
@Override
public Object decodeScalarValue(final DataInputStream inputStream, final SampleOpcode opcode) throws IOException {
switch (opcode) {
case NULL:
return null;
case DOUBLE_ZERO:
return 0.0;
case INT_ZERO:
return 0;
case BYTE:
return inputStream.readByte();
case SHORT:
return inputStream.readShort();
case INT:
return inputStream.readInt();
case LONG:
return inputStream.readLong();
case FLOAT:
return inputStream.readFloat();
case DOUBLE:
return inputStream.readDouble();
case STRING:
final short s = inputStream.readShort();
final byte[] bytes = new byte[s];
final int byteCount = inputStream.read(bytes, 0, s);
if (byteCount != s) {
log.error("Reading string came up short");
}
return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
case BIGINT:
final short bs = inputStream.readShort();
final byte[] bbytes = new byte[bs];
final int bbyteCount = inputStream.read(bbytes, 0, bs);
if (bbyteCount != bs) {
log.error("Reading bigint came up short");
}
return new BigInteger(new String(bbytes, "UTF-8"), 10);
case BYTE_FOR_DOUBLE:
return (double) inputStream.readByte();
case SHORT_FOR_DOUBLE:
return (double) inputStream.readShort();
case FLOAT_FOR_DOUBLE:
final float floatForDouble = inputStream.readFloat();
return (double) floatForDouble;
case HALF_FLOAT_FOR_DOUBLE:
final float f = HalfFloat.toFloat(inputStream.readShort());
return (double) f;
default:
final String err = String.format("In decodeScalarSample, opcode %s unrecognized", opcode.name());
log.error(err);
throw new IllegalArgumentException(err);
}
}
/*
* This differs from decodeScalarValue because this delivers exactly the
* type in the byte stream. Specifically, it does not convert the arg
* of *_FOR_DOUBLE int a Double()
*/
private Object decodeOpcodeArg(final DataInputStream inputStream, final SampleOpcode opcode) throws IOException {
switch (opcode) {
case NULL:
return null;
case DOUBLE_ZERO:
return 0.0;
case INT_ZERO:
return 0;
case BYTE:
return inputStream.readByte();
case SHORT:
return inputStream.readShort();
case INT:
return inputStream.readInt();
case LONG:
return inputStream.readLong();
case FLOAT:
return inputStream.readFloat();
case DOUBLE:
return inputStream.readDouble();
case STRING:
final short s = inputStream.readShort();
final byte[] bytes = new byte[s];
final int byteCount = inputStream.read(bytes, 0, s);
if (byteCount != s) {
log.error("Reading string came up short");
}
return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
case BIGINT:
final short bs = inputStream.readShort();
final byte[] bbytes = new byte[bs];
final int bbyteCount = inputStream.read(bbytes, 0, bs);
if (bbyteCount != bs) {
log.error("Reading bigint came up short");
}
return new BigInteger(new String(bbytes, "UTF-8"), 10);
case BYTE_FOR_DOUBLE:
return inputStream.readByte();
case SHORT_FOR_DOUBLE:
return inputStream.readShort();
case FLOAT_FOR_DOUBLE:
return inputStream.readFloat();
case HALF_FLOAT_FOR_DOUBLE:
return inputStream.readShort();
default:
final String err = String.format("In decodeOpcodeArg(), opcode %s unrecognized", opcode.name());
log.error(err);
throw new IllegalArgumentException(err);
}
}
@Override
public double getMaxFractionError() {
return MAX_FRACTION_ERROR;
}
@Override
public byte[] combineSampleBytes(final List sampleBytesList) {
final ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
final DataOutputStream dataStream = new DataOutputStream(outputStream);
try {
SampleBase lastSample = null;
for (final byte[] samples : sampleBytesList) {
final ByteArrayInputStream byteStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(samples);
final DataInputStream byteDataStream = new DataInputStream(byteStream);
while (true) {
final int opcodeByte = byteDataStream.read();
if (opcodeByte == -1) {
break;
}
final SampleOpcode opcode = SampleOpcode.getOpcodeFromIndex(opcodeByte);
switch (opcode) {
case REPEAT_BYTE:
case REPEAT_SHORT:
final int newRepeatCount = opcode == SampleOpcode.REPEAT_BYTE ? byteDataStream.read() : byteDataStream.readUnsignedShort();
final SampleOpcode newRepeatedOpcode = SampleOpcode.getOpcodeFromIndex(byteDataStream.read());
final Object newValue = decodeOpcodeArg(byteDataStream, newRepeatedOpcode);
final ScalarSample newRepeatedSample = new ScalarSample(newRepeatedOpcode, newValue);
if (lastSample == null) {
lastSample = new RepeatSample(newRepeatCount, new ScalarSample(newRepeatedOpcode, newValue));
} else if (lastSample instanceof RepeatSample) {
final RepeatSample repeatSample = (RepeatSample) lastSample;
final ScalarSample repeatedScalarSample = repeatSample.getSampleRepeated();
if (repeatedScalarSample.getOpcode() == newRepeatedOpcode &&
(newRepeatedOpcode.getNoArgs() ||
(ScalarSample.sameSampleValues(repeatedScalarSample.getSampleValue(), newValue) &&
repeatSample.getRepeatCount() + newRepeatCount < RepeatSample.MAX_SHORT_REPEAT_COUNT))) {
// We can just increment the count in the repeat instance
repeatSample.incrementRepeatCount(newRepeatCount);
} else {
encodeSample(dataStream, lastSample);
lastSample = new RepeatSample(newRepeatCount, newRepeatedSample);
}
} else if (lastSample.equals(newRepeatedSample)) {
lastSample = new RepeatSample(newRepeatCount + 1, newRepeatedSample);
} else {
encodeSample(dataStream, lastSample);
lastSample = new RepeatSample(newRepeatCount, newRepeatedSample);
}
break;
default:
final ScalarSample newSample = new ScalarSample(opcode, decodeOpcodeArg(byteDataStream, opcode));
if (lastSample == null) {
lastSample = newSample;
} else if (lastSample instanceof RepeatSample) {
final RepeatSample repeatSample = (RepeatSample) lastSample;
final ScalarSample repeatedScalarSample = repeatSample.getSampleRepeated();
if (newSample.equals(repeatedScalarSample)) {
repeatSample.incrementRepeatCount();
} else {
encodeSample(dataStream, lastSample);
lastSample = newSample;
}
} else if (lastSample.equals(newSample)) {
lastSample = new RepeatSample(2, newSample);
} else {
encodeSample(dataStream, lastSample);
lastSample = newSample;
}
}
}
}
if (lastSample != null) {
encodeSample(dataStream, lastSample);
}
dataStream.flush();
return outputStream.toByteArray();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("In combineSampleBytes(), exception combining sample byte arrays", e);
return new byte[0];
}
}
/**
* This invokes the processor on the values in the timeline bytes.
*
* @param chunk the timeline chuck to scan
* @param processor the callback to which values value counts are passed to be processed.
* @throws java.io.IOException
*/
@Override
public void scan(final TimelineChunk chunk, final SampleProcessor processor) throws IOException {
//System.out.printf("Decoded: %s\n", new String(Hex.encodeHex(bytes)));
scan(chunk.getTimeBytesAndSampleBytes().getSampleBytes(), chunk.getTimeBytesAndSampleBytes().getTimeBytes(), chunk.getSampleCount(), processor);
}
@Override
public void scan(final byte[] samples, final byte[] times, final int sampleCount, final SampleProcessor processor) throws IOException {
final ByteArrayInputStream byteStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(samples);
final DataInputStream inputStream = new DataInputStream(byteStream);
final TimelineCursor timeCursor = new DefaultTimelineCursor(times, sampleCount);
int sampleNumber = 0;
while (true) {
final int opcodeByte;
opcodeByte = inputStream.read();
if (opcodeByte == -1) {
return; // At "eof"
}
final SampleOpcode opcode = SampleOpcode.getOpcodeFromIndex(opcodeByte);
switch (opcode) {
case REPEAT_BYTE:
case REPEAT_SHORT:
final int repeatCount = opcode == SampleOpcode.REPEAT_BYTE ? inputStream.readUnsignedByte() : inputStream.readUnsignedShort();
final SampleOpcode repeatedOpcode = SampleOpcode.getOpcodeFromIndex(inputStream.read());
final Object value = decodeScalarValue(inputStream, repeatedOpcode);
final SampleOpcode replacementOpcode = repeatedOpcode.getReplacement();
processor.processSamples(timeCursor, repeatCount, replacementOpcode, value);
sampleNumber += repeatCount;
timeCursor.skipToSampleNumber(sampleNumber);
break;
default:
processor.processSamples(timeCursor, 1, opcode.getReplacement(), decodeScalarValue(inputStream, opcode));
break;
}
}
}
}
