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/*
 * JBoss, Home of Professional Open Source
 * Copyright 2010, Red Hat, Inc., and individual contributors
 * by the @authors tag. See the copyright.txt in the distribution for a
 * full listing of individual contributors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,  
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.ocpsoft.pretty.faces.util;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

/**
 * This class handles looking up service providers on the class path. It
 * implements the Service Provider section of the JAR File Specification.
 * 
 * The Service Provider programmatic lookup was not specified prior to Java 6 so
 * this interface allows use of the specification prior to Java 6.
 * 
 * The API is copied from java.util.ServiceLoader
 * 
 * @author Pete Muir
 * @author Avalon Development Team
 * @author Nicklas Karlsson
 */
public class ServiceLoader implements Iterable
{
   private static final String SERVICES = "META-INF/services";

   private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(ServiceLoader.class);

   /**
    * Creates a new service loader for the given service type, using the current
    * thread's context class loader.
    * 
    * An invocation of this convenience method of the form
    * 
    * {@code ServiceLoader.load(service)}
    * 
    * is equivalent to
    * 
    * ServiceLoader.load(service,
    *                   Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader())
    * 
    * @param service The interface or abstract class representing the service
    * @return A new service loader
    */
   public static  ServiceLoader load(Class service)
   {
      return load(service, Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new service loader for the given service type and class loader.
    * 
    * @param service The interface or abstract class representing the service
    * @param loader The class loader to be used to load provider-configuration
    *           files and provider classes, or null if the system class loader
    *           (or, failing that, the bootstrap class loader) is to be used
    * @return A new service loader
    */
   public static  ServiceLoader load(Class service, ClassLoader loader)
   {
      if (loader == null)
      {
         loader = service.getClassLoader();
      }
      return new ServiceLoader(service, loader);
   }

   /**
    * Creates a new service loader for the given service type, using the
    * extension class loader.
    * 
    * This convenience method simply locates the extension class loader, call it
    * extClassLoader, and then returns
    * 
    * ServiceLoader.load(service, extClassLoader)
    * 
    * If the extension class loader cannot be found then the system class loader
    * is used; if there is no system class loader then the bootstrap class
    * loader is used.
    * 
    * This method is intended for use when only installed providers are desired.
    * The resulting service will only find and load providers that have been
    * installed into the current Java virtual machine; providers on the
    * application's class path will be ignored.
    * 
    * @param service The interface or abstract class representing the service
    * @return A new service loader
    */
   public static  ServiceLoader loadInstalled(Class service)
   {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not implemented");
   }

   private final String serviceFile;
   private Class expectedType;
   private final ClassLoader loader;

   private Set providers;

   private ServiceLoader(Class service, ClassLoader loader)
   {
      this.loader = loader;
      this.serviceFile = SERVICES + "/" + service.getName();
      this.expectedType = service;
   }

   /**
    * Clear this loader's provider cache so that all providers will be reloaded.
    * 
    * After invoking this method, subsequent invocations of the iterator method
    * will lazily look up and instantiate providers from scratch, just as is
    * done by a newly-created loader.
    * 
    * This method is intended for use in situations in which new providers can
    * be installed into a running Java virtual machine.
    */
   public void reload()
   {
      providers = new HashSet();

      for (URL serviceFile : loadServiceFiles())
      {
         loadServiceFile(serviceFile);
      }
   }

   private List loadServiceFiles()
   {
      List serviceFiles = new ArrayList();
      try
      {
         Enumeration serviceFileEnumerator = loader.getResources(serviceFile);
         while (serviceFileEnumerator.hasMoreElements())
         {
            serviceFiles.add(serviceFileEnumerator.nextElement());
         }
      }
      catch (IOException e)
      {
         throw new RuntimeException("Could not load resources from " + serviceFile, e);
      }
      return serviceFiles;
   }

   private void loadServiceFile(URL serviceFile)
   {
      InputStream is = null;
      try
      {
         is = serviceFile.openStream();
         BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
         String serviceClassName = null;
         while ((serviceClassName = reader.readLine()) != null)
         {
            serviceClassName = trim(serviceClassName);
            if (serviceClassName.length() > 0)
            {
               loadService(serviceClassName);
            }
         }
      }
      catch (IOException e)
      {
         // FIXME: correct exception
         throw new RuntimeException("Could not read services file " + serviceFile);
      }
      finally
      {
         if (is != null)
         {
            try
            {
               is.close();
            }
            catch (IOException e)
            {
               // FIXME: correct exception
               throw new RuntimeException("Could not close services file " + serviceFile, e);
            }
         }
      }
   }

   private String trim(String line)
   {
      final int comment = line.indexOf('#');

      if (comment > -1)
      {
         line = line.substring(0, comment);
      }
      return line.trim();
   }

   private void loadService(String serviceClassName)
   {
      Class serviceClass = loadClass(serviceClassName);
      if (serviceClass == null)
      {
         return;
      }
      S serviceInstance = prepareInstance(serviceClass);
      if (serviceInstance == null)
      {
         return;
      }
      providers.add(serviceInstance);
   }

   private Class loadClass(String serviceClassName)
   {
      Class clazz = null;
      Class serviceClass = null;
      try
      {
         clazz = loader.loadClass(serviceClassName);
         serviceClass = clazz.asSubclass(expectedType);
      }
      catch (ClassNotFoundException e)
      {
         log.warn("Could not load service class " + serviceClassName);
      }
      catch (ClassCastException e)
      {
         throw new RuntimeException("Service class " + serviceClassName + " didn't implement the Extension interface");
      }
      return serviceClass;
   }

   private S prepareInstance(Class serviceClass)
   {
      try
      {
         // TODO Support the SM
         Constructor constructor = serviceClass.getDeclaredConstructor();
         constructor.setAccessible(true);
         return constructor.newInstance();
      }
      catch (NoClassDefFoundError e) 
      {
         log.warn("Could not instantiate service class " + serviceClass.getName(), e);
         return null;
      }
      catch (InvocationTargetException e)
      {
         throw new RuntimeException("Error instantiating " + serviceClass, e.getCause());
      }
      catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
      {
         throw new RuntimeException("Error instantiating " + serviceClass, e);
      }
      catch (InstantiationException e)
      {
         throw new RuntimeException("Error instantiating " + serviceClass, e);
      }
      catch (IllegalAccessException e)
      {
         throw new RuntimeException("Error instantiating " + serviceClass, e);
      }
      catch (SecurityException e)
      {
         throw new RuntimeException("Error instantiating " + serviceClass, e);
      }
      catch (NoSuchMethodException e)
      {
         throw new RuntimeException("Error instantiating " + serviceClass, e);
      }
   }

   /**
    * Lazily loads the available providers of this loader's service.
    * 
    * The iterator returned by this method first yields all of the elements of
    * the provider cache, in instantiation order. It then lazily loads and
    * instantiates any remaining providers, adding each one to the cache in
    * turn.
    * 
    * To achieve laziness the actual work of parsing the available
    * provider-configuration files and instantiating providers must be done by
    * the iterator itself. Its hasNext and next methods can therefore throw a
    * ServiceConfigurationError if a provider-configuration file violates the
    * specified format, or if it names a provider class that cannot be found and
    * instantiated, or if the result of instantiating the class is not
    * assignable to the service type, or if any other kind of exception or error
    * is thrown as the next provider is located and instantiated. To write
    * robust code it is only necessary to catch ServiceConfigurationError when
    * using a service iterator.
    * 
    * If such an error is thrown then subsequent invocations of the iterator
    * will make a best effort to locate and instantiate the next available
    * provider, but in general such recovery cannot be guaranteed.
    * 
    * Design Note Throwing an error in these cases may seem extreme. The
    * rationale for this behavior is that a malformed provider-configuration
    * file, like a malformed class file, indicates a serious problem with the
    * way the Java virtual machine is configured or is being used. As such it is
    * preferable to throw an error rather than try to recover or, even worse,
    * fail silently.
    * 
    * The iterator returned by this method does not support removal. Invoking
    * its remove method will cause an UnsupportedOperationException to be
    * thrown.
    * 
    * @return An iterator that lazily loads providers for this loader's service
    */
   public Iterator iterator()
   {
      if (providers == null)
      {
         reload();
      }
      return providers.iterator();
   }

   /**
    * Returns a string describing this service.
    * 
    * @return A descriptive string
    */
   @Override
   public String toString()
   {
      return "Services for " + serviceFile;
   }
}