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Truffle is a multi-language framework for executing dynamic languages that achieves high performance when combined with Graal.
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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 */
package com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.java;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle;
import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerAsserts;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerDirectives;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerDirectives.CompilationFinal;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.CompilerDirectives.TruffleBoundary;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.TruffleOptions;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.interop.UnsupportedTypeException;

abstract class SingleMethodDesc implements JavaMethodDesc {
    private final boolean varArgs;
    @CompilationFinal(dimensions = 1) private final Class[] parameterTypes;
    @CompilationFinal(dimensions = 1) private final Type[] genericParameterTypes;

    protected SingleMethodDesc(Executable executable) {
        this.varArgs = executable.isVarArgs();
        this.parameterTypes = executable.getParameterTypes();
        this.genericParameterTypes = executable.getGenericParameterTypes();
    }

    public abstract Executable getReflectionMethod();

    public final boolean isVarArgs() {
        return varArgs;
    }

    public abstract Class getReturnType();

    public final Class[] getParameterTypes() {
        return parameterTypes;
    }

    public final int getParameterCount() {
        return parameterTypes.length;
    }

    public Type[] getGenericParameterTypes() {
        return genericParameterTypes;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return getReflectionMethod().getName();
    }

    public JavaMethodDesc[] getOverloads() {
        return new JavaMethodDesc[]{this};
    }

    public abstract Object invoke(Object receiver, Object[] arguments) throws Throwable;

    public boolean isMethod() {
        return getReflectionMethod() instanceof Method;
    }

    public boolean isConstructor() {
        return getReflectionMethod() instanceof Constructor;
    }

    static SingleMethodDesc unreflect(Method reflectionMethod) {
        assert isAccessible(reflectionMethod);
        if (TruffleOptions.AOT || isCallerSensitive(reflectionMethod)) {
            return new MethodReflectImpl(reflectionMethod);
        } else {
            return new MethodMHImpl(reflectionMethod);
        }
    }

    static SingleMethodDesc unreflect(Constructor reflectionConstructor) {
        assert isAccessible(reflectionConstructor);
        if (TruffleOptions.AOT || isCallerSensitive(reflectionConstructor)) {
            return new ConstructorReflectImpl(reflectionConstructor);
        } else {
            return new ConstructorMHImpl(reflectionConstructor);
        }
    }

    static boolean isAccessible(Executable method) {
        return Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers()) && Modifier.isPublic(method.getDeclaringClass().getModifiers());
    }

    static boolean isCallerSensitive(Executable method) {
        Annotation[] annotations = method.getAnnotations();
        for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
            switch (annotation.annotationType().getName()) {
                case "sun.reflect.CallerSensitive":
                case "jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive":
                    return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Method[" + getReflectionMethod().toString() + "]";
    }

    private static final class MethodReflectImpl extends SingleMethodDesc {
        private final Method reflectionMethod;

        MethodReflectImpl(Method reflectionMethod) {
            super(reflectionMethod);
            this.reflectionMethod = reflectionMethod;
        }

        @Override
        public Method getReflectionMethod() {
            CompilerAsserts.neverPartOfCompilation();
            return reflectionMethod;
        }

        @Override
        public Object invoke(Object receiver, Object[] arguments) throws Throwable {
            try {
                return reflectInvoke(reflectionMethod, receiver, arguments);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException ex) {
                throw UnsupportedTypeException.raise(ex, arguments);
            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                throw e.getCause();
            }
        }

        @TruffleBoundary
        private static Object reflectInvoke(Method reflectionMethod, Object receiver, Object[] arguments)
                        throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
            return reflectionMethod.invoke(receiver, arguments);
        }

        @Override
        public Class getReturnType() {
            return getReflectionMethod().getReturnType();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isInternal() {
            return getReflectionMethod().getDeclaringClass() == Object.class;
        }
    }

    private static final class ConstructorReflectImpl extends SingleMethodDesc {
        private final Constructor reflectionConstructor;

        ConstructorReflectImpl(Constructor reflectionConstructor) {
            super(reflectionConstructor);
            this.reflectionConstructor = reflectionConstructor;
        }

        @Override
        public Constructor getReflectionMethod() {
            CompilerAsserts.neverPartOfCompilation();
            return reflectionConstructor;
        }

        @Override
        public Object invoke(Object receiver, Object[] arguments) throws Throwable {
            try {
                return reflectNewInstance(reflectionConstructor, arguments);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException ex) {
                throw UnsupportedTypeException.raise(ex, arguments);
            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                throw e.getCause();
            }
        }

        @TruffleBoundary
        private static Object reflectNewInstance(Constructor reflectionConstructor, Object[] arguments)
                        throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException {
            return reflectionConstructor.newInstance(arguments);
        }

        @Override
        public Class getReturnType() {
            return getReflectionMethod().getDeclaringClass();
        }
    }

    private abstract static class MHBase extends SingleMethodDesc {
        @CompilationFinal private MethodHandle methodHandle;

        MHBase(Executable executable) {
            super(executable);
        }

        @Override
        public final Object invoke(Object receiver, Object[] arguments) throws Throwable {
            if (methodHandle == null) {
                CompilerDirectives.transferToInterpreterAndInvalidate();
                methodHandle = makeMethodHandle();
            }
            try {
                return invokeHandle(methodHandle, receiver, arguments);
            } catch (ClassCastException ex) {
                throw UnsupportedTypeException.raise(ex, arguments);
            }
        }

        @TruffleBoundary(allowInlining = true)
        private static Object invokeHandle(MethodHandle invokeHandle, Object receiver, Object[] arguments) throws Throwable {
            return invokeHandle.invokeExact(receiver, arguments);
        }

        protected abstract MethodHandle makeMethodHandle();

        protected static MethodHandle adaptSignature(MethodHandle originalHandle, boolean isStatic, int parameterCount) {
            MethodHandle adaptedHandle = originalHandle;
            adaptedHandle = adaptedHandle.asType(adaptedHandle.type().changeReturnType(Object.class));
            if (isStatic) {
                adaptedHandle = MethodHandles.dropArguments(adaptedHandle, 0, Object.class);
            } else {
                adaptedHandle = adaptedHandle.asType(adaptedHandle.type().changeParameterType(0, Object.class));
            }
            adaptedHandle = adaptedHandle.asSpreader(Object[].class, parameterCount);
            return adaptedHandle;
        }
    }

    private static final class MethodMHImpl extends MHBase {
        private final Method reflectionMethod;

        MethodMHImpl(Method reflectionMethod) {
            super(reflectionMethod);
            this.reflectionMethod = reflectionMethod;
        }

        @Override
        public Method getReflectionMethod() {
            CompilerAsserts.neverPartOfCompilation();
            return reflectionMethod;
        }

        @Override
        public Class getReturnType() {
            return getReflectionMethod().getReturnType();
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isInternal() {
            return getReflectionMethod().getDeclaringClass() == Object.class;
        }

        @Override
        protected MethodHandle makeMethodHandle() {
            CompilerAsserts.neverPartOfCompilation();
            try {
                final MethodHandle methodHandle = MethodHandles.publicLookup().unreflect(reflectionMethod);
                return adaptSignature(methodHandle, Modifier.isStatic(reflectionMethod.getModifiers()), reflectionMethod.getParameterCount());
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
            }
        }
    }

    private static final class ConstructorMHImpl extends MHBase {
        private final Constructor reflectionConstructor;

        ConstructorMHImpl(Constructor reflectionConstructor) {
            super(reflectionConstructor);
            this.reflectionConstructor = reflectionConstructor;
        }

        @Override
        public Constructor getReflectionMethod() {
            CompilerAsserts.neverPartOfCompilation();
            return reflectionConstructor;
        }

        @Override
        public Class getReturnType() {
            return getReflectionMethod().getDeclaringClass();
        }

        @Override
        protected MethodHandle makeMethodHandle() {
            CompilerAsserts.neverPartOfCompilation();
            try {
                final MethodHandle methodHandle = MethodHandles.publicLookup().unreflectConstructor(reflectionConstructor);
                return adaptSignature(methodHandle, true, getParameterCount());
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                throw new IllegalStateException(e);
            }
        }
    }
}