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Truffle SL is an example language implemented using the Truffle API.
/*
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package com.oracle.truffle.sl.parser;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameDescriptor;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.FrameSlot;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.source.Source;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.source.SourceSection;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.SLLanguage;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.SLBinaryNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.SLExpressionNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.SLRootNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.SLStatementNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.access.SLReadPropertyNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.access.SLReadPropertyNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.access.SLWritePropertyNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.access.SLWritePropertyNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.call.SLInvokeNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.controlflow.SLBlockNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.controlflow.SLBreakNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.controlflow.SLContinueNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.controlflow.SLDebuggerNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.controlflow.SLFunctionBodyNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.controlflow.SLIfNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.controlflow.SLReturnNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.controlflow.SLWhileNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLAddNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLBigIntegerLiteralNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLDivNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLEqualNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLFunctionLiteralNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLLessOrEqualNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLLessThanNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLLogicalAndNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLLogicalNotNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLLogicalOrNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLLongLiteralNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLMulNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLParenExpressionNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLStringLiteralNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLSubNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.expression.SLUnboxNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.local.SLReadArgumentNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.local.SLReadLocalVariableNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.local.SLReadLocalVariableNodeGen;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.local.SLWriteLocalVariableNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.local.SLWriteLocalVariableNodeGen;
/**
* Helper class used by the SL {@link Parser} to create nodes. The code is factored out of the
* automatically generated parser to keep the attributed grammar of SL small.
*/
public class SLNodeFactory {
/**
* Local variable names that are visible in the current block. Variables are not visible outside
* of their defining block, to prevent the usage of undefined variables. Because of that, we can
* decide during parsing if a name references a local variable or is a function name.
*/
static class LexicalScope {
protected final LexicalScope outer;
protected final Map locals;
LexicalScope(LexicalScope outer) {
this.outer = outer;
this.locals = new HashMap<>();
if (outer != null) {
locals.putAll(outer.locals);
}
}
}
/* State while parsing a source unit. */
private final Source source;
private final Map allFunctions;
/* State while parsing a function. */
private int functionStartPos;
private String functionName;
private int functionBodyStartPos; // includes parameter list
private int parameterCount;
private FrameDescriptor frameDescriptor;
private List methodNodes;
/* State while parsing a block. */
private LexicalScope lexicalScope;
private final SLLanguage language;
public SLNodeFactory(SLLanguage language, Source source) {
this.language = language;
this.source = source;
this.allFunctions = new HashMap<>();
}
public Map getAllFunctions() {
return allFunctions;
}
public void startFunction(Token nameToken, int bodyStartPos) {
assert functionStartPos == 0;
assert functionName == null;
assert functionBodyStartPos == 0;
assert parameterCount == 0;
assert frameDescriptor == null;
assert lexicalScope == null;
functionStartPos = nameToken.charPos;
functionName = nameToken.val;
functionBodyStartPos = bodyStartPos;
frameDescriptor = new FrameDescriptor();
methodNodes = new ArrayList<>();
startBlock();
}
public void addFormalParameter(Token nameToken) {
/*
* Method parameters are assigned to local variables at the beginning of the method. This
* ensures that accesses to parameters are specialized the same way as local variables are
* specialized.
*/
final SLReadArgumentNode readArg = new SLReadArgumentNode(parameterCount);
SLExpressionNode assignment = createAssignment(createStringLiteral(nameToken, false), readArg);
methodNodes.add(assignment);
parameterCount++;
}
public void finishFunction(SLStatementNode bodyNode) {
if (bodyNode == null) {
// a state update that would otherwise be performed by finishBlock
lexicalScope = lexicalScope.outer;
} else {
methodNodes.add(bodyNode);
final int bodyEndPos = bodyNode.getSourceSection().getCharEndIndex();
final SourceSection functionSrc = source.createSection(functionStartPos, bodyEndPos - functionStartPos);
final SLStatementNode methodBlock = finishBlock(methodNodes, functionBodyStartPos, bodyEndPos - functionBodyStartPos);
assert lexicalScope == null : "Wrong scoping of blocks in parser";
final SLFunctionBodyNode functionBodyNode = new SLFunctionBodyNode(methodBlock);
functionBodyNode.setSourceSection(functionSrc);
final SLRootNode rootNode = new SLRootNode(language, frameDescriptor, functionBodyNode, functionSrc, functionName);
allFunctions.put(functionName, rootNode);
}
functionStartPos = 0;
functionName = null;
functionBodyStartPos = 0;
parameterCount = 0;
frameDescriptor = null;
lexicalScope = null;
}
public void startBlock() {
lexicalScope = new LexicalScope(lexicalScope);
}
public SLStatementNode finishBlock(List bodyNodes, int startPos, int length) {
lexicalScope = lexicalScope.outer;
if (containsNull(bodyNodes)) {
return null;
}
List flattenedNodes = new ArrayList<>(bodyNodes.size());
flattenBlocks(bodyNodes, flattenedNodes);
for (SLStatementNode statement : flattenedNodes) {
SourceSection sourceSection = statement.getSourceSection();
if (sourceSection != null && !isHaltInCondition(statement)) {
statement.addStatementTag();
}
}
SLBlockNode blockNode = new SLBlockNode(flattenedNodes.toArray(new SLStatementNode[flattenedNodes.size()]));
blockNode.setSourceSection(source.createSection(startPos, length));
return blockNode;
}
private static boolean isHaltInCondition(SLStatementNode statement) {
return (statement instanceof SLIfNode) || (statement instanceof SLWhileNode);
}
private void flattenBlocks(Iterable bodyNodes, List flattenedNodes) {
for (SLStatementNode n : bodyNodes) {
if (n instanceof SLBlockNode) {
flattenBlocks(((SLBlockNode) n).getStatements(), flattenedNodes);
} else {
flattenedNodes.add(n);
}
}
}
/**
* Returns an {@link SLDebuggerNode} for the given token.
*
* @param debuggerToken The token containing the debugger node's info.
* @return A SLDebuggerNode for the given token.
*/
SLStatementNode createDebugger(Token debuggerToken) {
final SLDebuggerNode debuggerNode = new SLDebuggerNode();
srcFromToken(debuggerNode, debuggerToken);
return debuggerNode;
}
/**
* Returns an {@link SLBreakNode} for the given token.
*
* @param breakToken The token containing the break node's info.
* @return A SLBreakNode for the given token.
*/
public SLStatementNode createBreak(Token breakToken) {
final SLBreakNode breakNode = new SLBreakNode();
srcFromToken(breakNode, breakToken);
return breakNode;
}
/**
* Returns an {@link SLContinueNode} for the given token.
*
* @param continueToken The token containing the continue node's info.
* @return A SLContinueNode built using the given token.
*/
public SLStatementNode createContinue(Token continueToken) {
final SLContinueNode continueNode = new SLContinueNode();
srcFromToken(continueNode, continueToken);
return continueNode;
}
/**
* Returns an {@link SLWhileNode} for the given parameters.
*
* @param whileToken The token containing the while node's info
* @param conditionNode The conditional node for this while loop
* @param bodyNode The body of the while loop
* @return A SLWhileNode built using the given parameters. null if either conditionNode or
* bodyNode is null.
*/
public SLStatementNode createWhile(Token whileToken, SLExpressionNode conditionNode, SLStatementNode bodyNode) {
if (conditionNode == null || bodyNode == null) {
return null;
}
conditionNode.addStatementTag();
final int start = whileToken.charPos;
final int end = bodyNode.getSourceSection().getCharEndIndex();
final SLWhileNode whileNode = new SLWhileNode(conditionNode, bodyNode);
whileNode.setSourceSection(source.createSection(start, end - start));
return whileNode;
}
/**
* Returns an {@link SLIfNode} for the given parameters.
*
* @param ifToken The token containing the if node's info
* @param conditionNode The condition node of this if statement
* @param thenPartNode The then part of the if
* @param elsePartNode The else part of the if (null if no else part)
* @return An SLIfNode for the given parameters. null if either conditionNode or thenPartNode is
* null.
*/
public SLStatementNode createIf(Token ifToken, SLExpressionNode conditionNode, SLStatementNode thenPartNode, SLStatementNode elsePartNode) {
if (conditionNode == null || thenPartNode == null) {
return null;
}
conditionNode.addStatementTag();
final int start = ifToken.charPos;
final int end = elsePartNode == null ? thenPartNode.getSourceSection().getCharEndIndex() : elsePartNode.getSourceSection().getCharEndIndex();
final SLIfNode ifNode = new SLIfNode(conditionNode, thenPartNode, elsePartNode);
ifNode.setSourceSection(source.createSection(start, end - start));
return ifNode;
}
/**
* Returns an {@link SLReturnNode} for the given parameters.
*
* @param t The token containing the return node's info
* @param valueNode The value of the return (null if not returning a value)
* @return An SLReturnNode for the given parameters.
*/
public SLStatementNode createReturn(Token t, SLExpressionNode valueNode) {
final int start = t.charPos;
final int length = valueNode == null ? t.val.length() : valueNode.getSourceSection().getCharEndIndex() - start;
final SLReturnNode returnNode = new SLReturnNode(valueNode);
returnNode.setSourceSection(source.createSection(start, length));
return returnNode;
}
/**
* Returns the corresponding subclass of {@link SLExpressionNode} for binary expressions.
* These nodes are currently not instrumented.
*
* @param opToken The operator of the binary expression
* @param leftNode The left node of the expression
* @param rightNode The right node of the expression
* @return A subclass of SLExpressionNode using the given parameters based on the given opToken.
* null if either leftNode or rightNode is null.
*/
public SLExpressionNode createBinary(Token opToken, SLExpressionNode leftNode, SLExpressionNode rightNode) {
if (leftNode == null || rightNode == null) {
return null;
}
final SLExpressionNode leftUnboxed;
if (leftNode instanceof SLBinaryNode) { // SLBinaryNode never returns boxed value
leftUnboxed = leftNode;
} else {
leftUnboxed = SLUnboxNodeGen.create(leftNode);
leftUnboxed.setSourceSection(leftNode.getSourceSection());
}
final SLExpressionNode rightUnboxed;
if (rightNode instanceof SLBinaryNode) { // SLBinaryNode never returns boxed value
rightUnboxed = rightNode;
} else {
rightUnboxed = SLUnboxNodeGen.create(rightNode);
rightUnboxed.setSourceSection(rightNode.getSourceSection());
}
final SLExpressionNode result;
switch (opToken.val) {
case "+":
result = SLAddNodeGen.create(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed);
break;
case "*":
result = SLMulNodeGen.create(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed);
break;
case "/":
result = SLDivNodeGen.create(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed);
break;
case "-":
result = SLSubNodeGen.create(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed);
break;
case "<":
result = SLLessThanNodeGen.create(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed);
break;
case "<=":
result = SLLessOrEqualNodeGen.create(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed);
break;
case ">":
result = SLLogicalNotNodeGen.create(SLLessOrEqualNodeGen.create(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed));
break;
case ">=":
result = SLLogicalNotNodeGen.create(SLLessThanNodeGen.create(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed));
break;
case "==":
result = SLEqualNodeGen.create(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed);
break;
case "!=":
result = SLLogicalNotNodeGen.create(SLEqualNodeGen.create(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed));
break;
case "&&":
result = new SLLogicalAndNode(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed);
break;
case "||":
result = new SLLogicalOrNode(leftUnboxed, rightUnboxed);
break;
default:
throw new RuntimeException("unexpected operation: " + opToken.val);
}
int start = leftUnboxed.getSourceSection().getCharIndex();
int length = rightUnboxed.getSourceSection().getCharEndIndex() - start;
result.setSourceSection(source.createSection(start, length));
return result;
}
/**
* Returns an {@link SLInvokeNode} for the given parameters.
*
* @param functionNode The function being called
* @param parameterNodes The parameters of the function call
* @param finalToken A token used to determine the end of the sourceSelection for this call
* @return An SLInvokeNode for the given parameters. null if functionNode or any of the
* parameterNodes are null.
*/
public SLExpressionNode createCall(SLExpressionNode functionNode, List parameterNodes, Token finalToken) {
if (functionNode == null || containsNull(parameterNodes)) {
return null;
}
final SLExpressionNode result = new SLInvokeNode(functionNode, parameterNodes.toArray(new SLExpressionNode[parameterNodes.size()]));
final int startPos = functionNode.getSourceSection().getCharIndex();
final int endPos = finalToken.charPos + finalToken.val.length();
result.setSourceSection(source.createSection(startPos, endPos - startPos));
return result;
}
/**
* Returns an {@link SLWriteLocalVariableNode} for the given parameters.
*
* @param nameNode The name of the variable being assigned
* @param valueNode The value to be assigned
* @return An SLExpressionNode for the given parameters. null if nameNode or valueNode is null.
*/
public SLExpressionNode createAssignment(SLExpressionNode nameNode, SLExpressionNode valueNode) {
if (nameNode == null || valueNode == null) {
return null;
}
String name = ((SLStringLiteralNode) nameNode).executeGeneric(null);
FrameSlot frameSlot = frameDescriptor.findOrAddFrameSlot(name);
lexicalScope.locals.put(name, frameSlot);
final SLExpressionNode result = SLWriteLocalVariableNodeGen.create(valueNode, frameSlot);
if (valueNode.getSourceSection() != null) {
final int start = nameNode.getSourceSection().getCharIndex();
final int length = valueNode.getSourceSection().getCharEndIndex() - start;
result.setSourceSection(source.createSection(start, length));
}
return result;
}
/**
* Returns a {@link SLReadLocalVariableNode} if this read is a local variable or a
* {@link SLFunctionLiteralNode} if this read is global. In SL, the only global names are
* functions.
*
* @param nameNode The name of the variable/function being read
* @return either:
*
* - A SLReadLocalVariableNode representing the local variable being read.
* - A SLFunctionLiteralNode representing the function definition.
* - null if nameNode is null.
*
*/
public SLExpressionNode createRead(SLExpressionNode nameNode) {
if (nameNode == null) {
return null;
}
String name = ((SLStringLiteralNode) nameNode).executeGeneric(null);
final SLExpressionNode result;
final FrameSlot frameSlot = lexicalScope.locals.get(name);
if (frameSlot != null) {
/* Read of a local variable. */
result = SLReadLocalVariableNodeGen.create(frameSlot);
} else {
/* Read of a global name. In our language, the only global names are functions. */
result = new SLFunctionLiteralNode(language, name);
}
result.setSourceSection(nameNode.getSourceSection());
return result;
}
public SLExpressionNode createStringLiteral(Token literalToken, boolean removeQuotes) {
/* Remove the trailing and ending " */
String literal = literalToken.val;
if (removeQuotes) {
assert literal.length() >= 2 && literal.startsWith("\"") && literal.endsWith("\"");
literal = literal.substring(1, literal.length() - 1);
}
final SLStringLiteralNode result = new SLStringLiteralNode(literal.intern());
srcFromToken(result, literalToken);
return result;
}
public SLExpressionNode createNumericLiteral(Token literalToken) {
SLExpressionNode result;
try {
/* Try if the literal is small enough to fit into a long value. */
result = new SLLongLiteralNode(Long.parseLong(literalToken.val));
} catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
/* Overflow of long value, so fall back to BigInteger. */
result = new SLBigIntegerLiteralNode(new BigInteger(literalToken.val));
}
srcFromToken(result, literalToken);
return result;
}
public SLExpressionNode createParenExpression(SLExpressionNode expressionNode, int start, int length) {
if (expressionNode == null) {
return null;
}
final SLParenExpressionNode result = new SLParenExpressionNode(expressionNode);
result.setSourceSection(source.createSection(start, length));
return result;
}
/**
* Returns an {@link SLReadPropertyNode} for the given parameters.
*
* @param receiverNode The receiver of the property access
* @param nameNode The name of the property being accessed
* @return An SLExpressionNode for the given parameters. null if receiverNode or nameNode is
* null.
*/
public SLExpressionNode createReadProperty(SLExpressionNode receiverNode, SLExpressionNode nameNode) {
if (receiverNode == null || nameNode == null) {
return null;
}
final SLExpressionNode result = SLReadPropertyNodeGen.create(receiverNode, nameNode);
final int startPos = receiverNode.getSourceSection().getCharIndex();
final int endPos = nameNode.getSourceSection().getCharEndIndex();
result.setSourceSection(source.createSection(startPos, endPos - startPos));
return result;
}
/**
* Returns an {@link SLWritePropertyNode} for the given parameters.
*
* @param receiverNode The receiver object of the property assignment
* @param nameNode The name of the property being assigned
* @param valueNode The value to be assigned
* @return An SLExpressionNode for the given parameters. null if receiverNode, nameNode or
* valueNode is null.
*/
public SLExpressionNode createWriteProperty(SLExpressionNode receiverNode, SLExpressionNode nameNode, SLExpressionNode valueNode) {
if (receiverNode == null || nameNode == null || valueNode == null) {
return null;
}
final SLExpressionNode result = SLWritePropertyNodeGen.create(receiverNode, nameNode, valueNode);
final int start = receiverNode.getSourceSection().getCharIndex();
final int length = valueNode.getSourceSection().getCharEndIndex() - start;
result.setSourceSection(source.createSection(start, length));
return result;
}
/**
* Creates source description of a single token.
*/
private void srcFromToken(SLStatementNode node, Token token) {
node.setSourceSection(source.createSection(token.charPos, token.val.length()));
}
/**
* Checks whether a list contains a null.
*/
private static boolean containsNull(List list) {
for (Object e : list) {
if (e == null) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
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