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Truffle SL is an example language implemented using the Truffle API.
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/*
 * Copyright (c) 2012, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * The Universal Permissive License (UPL), Version 1.0
 * 
 * Subject to the condition set forth below, permission is hereby granted to any
 * person obtaining a copy of this software, associated documentation and/or
 * data (collectively the "Software"), free of charge and under any and all
 * copyright rights in the Software, and any and all patent rights owned or
 * freely licensable by each licensor hereunder covering either (i) the
 * unmodified Software as contributed to or provided by such licensor, or (ii)
 * the Larger Works (as defined below), to deal in both
 * 
 * (a) the Software, and
 * 
 * (b) any piece of software and/or hardware listed in the lrgrwrks.txt file if
 * one is included with the Software each a "Larger Work" to which the Software
 * is contributed by such licensors),
 * 
 * without restriction, including without limitation the rights to copy, create
 * derivative works of, display, perform, and distribute the Software and make,
 * use, sell, offer for sale, import, export, have made, and have sold the
 * Software and the Larger Work(s), and to sublicense the foregoing rights on
 * either these or other terms.
 * 
 * This license is subject to the following condition:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and either this complete permission notice or at a
 * minimum a reference to the UPL must be included in all copies or substantial
 * portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
 * SOFTWARE.
 */
package com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes;

import com.oracle.truffle.api.dsl.*;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.frame.*;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.instrument.ProbeNode.WrapperNode;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.nodes.*;
import com.oracle.truffle.api.source.*;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.nodes.instrument.*;
import com.oracle.truffle.sl.runtime.*;

/**
 * Base class for all SL nodes that produce a value and therefore benefit from type specialization.
 * The annotation {@link TypeSystemReference} specifies the SL types. Specifying it here defines the
 * type system for all subclasses.
 */
@TypeSystemReference(SLTypes.class)
@NodeInfo(description = "The abstract base node for all expressions")
public abstract class SLExpressionNode extends SLStatementNode {

    public SLExpressionNode(SourceSection src) {
        super(src);
    }

    /**
     * The execute method when no specialization is possible. This is the most general case,
     * therefore it must be provided by all subclasses.
     */
    public abstract Object executeGeneric(VirtualFrame frame);

    /**
     * When we use an expression at places where a {@link SLStatementNode statement} is already
     * sufficient, the return value is just discarded.
     */
    @Override
    public void executeVoid(VirtualFrame frame) {
        executeGeneric(frame);
    }

    /*
     * Execute methods for specialized types. They all follow the same pattern: they call the
     * generic execution method and then expect a result of their return type. Type-specialized
     * subclasses overwrite the appropriate methods.
     */

    public long executeLong(VirtualFrame frame) throws UnexpectedResultException {
        return SLTypesGen.expectLong(executeGeneric(frame));
    }

    public SLFunction executeFunction(VirtualFrame frame) throws UnexpectedResultException {
        return SLTypesGen.expectSLFunction(executeGeneric(frame));
    }

    public boolean executeBoolean(VirtualFrame frame) throws UnexpectedResultException {
        return SLTypesGen.expectBoolean(executeGeneric(frame));
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isInstrumentable() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public WrapperNode createWrapperNode() {
        return new SLExpressionWrapperNode(this);
    }

}