org.scalatest.Assertions.scala Maven / Gradle / Ivy
/*
* Copyright 2001-2013 Artima, Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.scalatest
import org.scalactic._
import Requirements._
import scala.reflect.ClassTag
import Assertions.NormalResult
import DefaultEquality.areEqualComparingArraysStructurally
import org.scalatest.exceptions.StackDepthException
import org.scalatest.exceptions.StackDepthException.toExceptionFunction
import org.scalatest.exceptions.TestFailedException
import org.scalatest.exceptions.TestPendingException
import org.scalactic.anyvals.NonEmptyArray
import scala.quoted._
import scala.compiletime.testing.typeChecks
import org.scalatest.compatible.Assertion
import ArrayHelper.deep
/**
* Trait that contains ScalaTest's basic assertion methods.
*
*
* You can use the assertions provided by this trait in any ScalaTest Suite,
* because Suite
* mixes in this trait. This trait is designed to be used independently of anything else in ScalaTest, though, so you
* can mix it into anything. (You can alternatively import the methods defined in this trait. For details, see the documentation
* for the Assertions companion object.
*
*
*
* In any Scala program, you can write assertions by invoking assert and passing in a Boolean expression,
* such as:
*
*
*
* val left = 2
* val right = 1
* assert(left == right)
*
*
*
* If the passed expression is true, assert will return normally. If false,
* Scala's assert will complete abruptly with an AssertionError. This behavior is provided by
* the assert method defined in object Predef, whose members are implicitly imported into every
* Scala source file. This Assertions trait defines another assert method that hides the
* one in Predef. It behaves the same, except that if false is passed it throws
* TestFailedException instead of AssertionError.
* Why? Because unlike AssertionError, TestFailedException carries information about exactly
* which item in the stack trace represents
* the line of test code that failed, which can help users more quickly find an offending line of code in a failing test.
* In addition, ScalaTest's assert provides better error messages than Scala's assert.
*
*
*
* If you pass the previous Boolean expression, left == right to assert in a ScalaTest test,
* a failure will be reported that, because assert is implemented as a macro,
* includes reporting the left and right values.
* For example, given the same code as above but using ScalaTest assertions:
*
*
* import org.scalatest.Assertions._
* val left = 2
* val right = 1
* assert(left == right)
*
*
*
* The detail message in the thrown TestFailedException from this assert
* will be: "2 did not equal 1".
*
*
*
* ScalaTest's assert macro works by recognizing patterns in the AST of the expression passed to assert and,
* for a finite set of common expressions, giving an error message that an equivalent ScalaTest matcher
* expression would give. Here are some examples, where a is 1, b is 2, c is 3, d
* is 4, xs is List(a, b, c), and num is 1.0:
*
*
*
* assert(a == b || c >= d)
* // Error message: 1 did not equal 2, and 3 was not greater than or equal to 4
*
* assert(xs.exists(_ == 4))
* // Error message: List(1, 2, 3) did not contain 4
*
* assert("hello".startsWith("h") && "goodbye".endsWith("y"))
* // Error message: "hello" started with "h", but "goodbye" did not end with "y"
*
* assert(num.isInstanceOf[Int])
* // Error message: 1.0 was not instance of scala.Int
*
* assert(Some(2).isEmpty)
* // Error message: Some(2) was not empty
*
*
*
* For expressions that are not recognized, the macro currently prints out a string
* representation of the (desugared) AST and adds "was false". Here are some examples of
* error messages for unrecognized expressions:
*
*
*
* assert(None.isDefined)
* // Error message: scala.None.isDefined was false
*
* assert(xs.exists(i => i > 10))
* // Error message: xs.exists(((i: Int) => i.>(10))) was false
*
*
*
* You can augment the standard error message by providing a String as a second argument
* to assert, like this:
*
*
*
* val attempted = 2
* assert(attempted == 1, "Execution was attempted " + attempted + " times instead of 1 time")
*
*
*
* Using this form of assert, the failure report will be more specific to your problem domain, thereby
* helping you debug the problem. This Assertions trait also mixes in the
* TripleEquals, which gives you a === operator
* that allows you to customize Equality, perform equality checks with numeric
* Tolerance, and enforce type constraints at compile time with
* sibling traits TypeCheckedTripleEquals and
* ConversionCheckedTripleEquals.
*
*
*
* Expected results
*
* Although the assert macro provides a natural, readable extension to Scala's assert mechanism that
* provides good error messages, as the operands become lengthy, the code becomes less readable. In addition, the error messages
* generated for == and === comparisons
* don't distinguish between actual and expected values. The operands are just called left and right,
* because if one were named expected and the other actual, it would be difficult for people to
* remember which was which. To help with these limitations of assertions, Suite includes a method called assertResult that
* can be used as an alternative to assert. To use assertResult, you place
* the expected value in parentheses after assertResult, followed by curly braces containing code
* that should result in the expected value. For example:
*
*
* val a = 5
* val b = 2
* assertResult(2) {
* a - b
* }
*
*
*
* In this case, the expected value is 2, and the code being tested is a - b. This assertion will fail, and
* the detail message in the TestFailedException will read, "Expected 2, but got 3."
*
*
*
* Forcing failures
*
*
* If you just need the test to fail, you can write:
*
*
*
* fail()
*
*
*
* Or, if you want the test to fail with a message, write:
*
*
*
* fail("I've got a bad feeling about this")
*
*
*
* Achieving success
*
*
* In async style tests, you must end your test body with either Future[Assertion] or
* Assertion. ScalaTest's assertions (including matcher expressions) have result type
* Assertion, so ending with an assertion will satisfy the compiler.
* If a test body or function body passed to Future.map does
* not end with type Assertion, however, you can fix the type error by placing
* succeed at the end of the
* test or function body:
*
*
*
* succeed // Has type Assertion
*
*
*
*
* Expected exceptions
*
*
* Sometimes you need to test whether a method throws an expected exception under certain circumstances, such
* as when invalid arguments are passed to the method. You can do this in the JUnit 3 style, like this:
*
*
*
* val s = "hi"
* try {
* s.charAt(-1)
* fail()
* }
* catch {
* case _: IndexOutOfBoundsException => // Expected, so continue
* }
*
*
*
* If charAt throws IndexOutOfBoundsException as expected, control will transfer
* to the catch case, which does nothing. If, however, charAt fails to throw an exception,
* the next statement, fail(), will be run. The fail method always completes abruptly with
* a TestFailedException, thereby signaling a failed test.
*
*
*
* To make this common use case easier to express and read, ScalaTest provides two methods:
* assertThrows and intercept.
* Here's how you use assertThrows:
*
*
*
*
* val s = "hi"
* assertThrows[IndexOutOfBoundsException] { // Result type: Assertion
* s.charAt(-1)
* }
*
*
*
* This code behaves much like the previous example. If charAt throws an instance of IndexOutOfBoundsException,
* assertThrows will return Succeeded. But if charAt completes normally, or throws a different
* exception, assertThrows will complete abruptly with a TestFailedException.
*
*
*
* The intercept method behaves the same as assertThrows, except that instead of returning Succeeded,
* intercept returns the caught exception so that you can inspect it further if you wish. For example, you may need
* to ensure that data contained inside the exception have expected values. Here's an example:
*
*
*
*
* val s = "hi"
* val caught =
* intercept[IndexOutOfBoundsException] { // Result type: IndexOutOfBoundsException
* s.charAt(-1)
* }
* assert(caught.getMessage.indexOf("-1") != -1)
*
*
*
* Checking that a snippet of code does or does not compile
*
*
* Often when creating libraries you may wish to ensure that certain arrangements of code that
* represent potential “user errors” do not compile, so that your library is more error resistant.
* ScalaTest's Assertions trait includes the following syntax for that purpose:
*
*
*
* assertDoesNotCompile("val a: String = 1")
*
*
*
* If you want to ensure that a snippet of code does not compile because of a type error (as opposed
* to a syntax error), use:
*
*
*
* assertTypeError("val a: String = 1")
*
*
*
* Note that the assertTypeError call will only succeed if the given snippet of code does not
* compile because of a type error. A syntax error will still result on a thrown TestFailedException.
*
*
*
* If you want to state that a snippet of code does compile, you can make that
* more obvious with:
*
*
*
* assertCompiles("val a: Int = 1")
*
*
*
* Although the previous three constructs are implemented with macros that determine at compile time whether
* the snippet of code represented by the string does or does not compile, errors
* are reported as test failures at runtime.
*
*
*
* Assumptions
*
*
* Trait Assertions also provides methods that allow you to cancel a test.
* You would cancel a test if a resource required by the test was unavailable. For example, if a test
* requires an external database to be online, and it isn't, the test could be canceled to indicate
* it was unable to run because of the missing database. Such a test assumes a database is
* available, and you can use the assume method to indicate this at the beginning of
* the test, like this:
*
*
*
* assume(database.isAvailable)
*
*
*
* For each overloaded assert method, trait Assertions provides an
* overloaded assume method with an identical signature and behavior, except the
* assume methods throw TestCanceledException whereas the
* assert methods throw TestFailedException. As with assert,
* assume hides a Scala method in Predef that performs a similar
* function, but throws AssertionError. And just as you can with assert,
* you will get an error message extracted by a macro from the AST passed to assume, and can
* optionally provide a clue string to augment this error message. Here are some examples:
*
*
*
* assume(database.isAvailable, "The database was down again")
* assume(database.getAllUsers.count === 9)
*
*
*
* Forcing cancelations
*
*
* For each overloaded fail method, there's a corresponding cancel method
* with an identical signature and behavior, except the cancel methods throw
* TestCanceledException whereas the fail methods throw
* TestFailedException. Thus if you just need to cancel a test, you can write:
*
*
*
* cancel()
*
*
*
* If you want to cancel the test with a message, just place the message in the parentheses:
*
*
*
* cancel("Can't run the test because no internet connection was found")
*
*
*
* Getting a clue
*
*
* If you want more information that is provided by default by the methods if this trait,
* you can supply a "clue" string in one of several ways.
* The extra information (or "clues") you provide will
* be included in the detail message of the thrown exception. Both
* assert and assertResult provide a way for a clue to be
* included directly, intercept does not.
* Here's an example of clues provided directly in assert:
*
*
*
* assert(1 + 1 === 3, "this is a clue")
*
*
*
* and in assertResult:
*
*
*
* assertResult(3, "this is a clue") { 1 + 1 }
*
*
*
* The exceptions thrown by the previous two statements will include the clue
* string, "this is a clue", in the exception's detail message.
* To get the same clue in the detail message of an exception thrown
* by a failed intercept call requires using withClue:
*
*
*
* withClue("this is a clue") {
* intercept[IndexOutOfBoundsException] {
* "hi".charAt(-1)
* }
* }
*
*
*
* The withClue method will only prepend the clue string to the detail
* message of exception types that mix in the ModifiableMessage trait.
* See the documentation for ModifiableMessage for more information.
* If you wish to place a clue string after a block of code, see the documentation for
* AppendedClues.
*
*
*
* Note: ScalaTest's assertTypeError construct is in part inspired by the illTyped macro
* of shapeless.
*
*
* @author Bill Venners
*/
trait Assertions extends TripleEquals {
// https://github.com/lampepfl/dotty/pull/8601#pullrequestreview-380646858
implicit object UseDefaultAssertions
//implicit val prettifier = Prettifier.default
/**
* Assert that a boolean condition is true.
* If the condition is true, this method returns normally.
* Else, it throws TestFailedException.
*
*
* This method is implemented in terms of a Scala macro that will generate a more helpful error message
* for expressions of this form:
*
*
*
* - assert(a == b)
* - assert(a != b)
* - assert(a === b)
* - assert(a !== b)
* - assert(a > b)
* - assert(a >= b)
* - assert(a < b)
* - assert(a <= b)
* - assert(a startsWith "prefix")
* - assert(a endsWith "postfix")
* - assert(a contains "something")
* - assert(a eq b)
* - assert(a ne b)
* - assert(a > 0 && b > 5)
* - assert(a > 0 || b > 5)
* - assert(a.isEmpty)
* - assert(!a.isEmpty)
* - assert(a.isInstanceOf[String])
* - assert(a.length == 8)
* - assert(a.size == 8)
* - assert(a.exists(_ == 8))
*
*
*
* At this time, any other form of expression will get a TestFailedException with message saying the given
* expression was false. In the future, we will enhance this macro to give helpful error messages in more situations.
* In ScalaTest 2.0, however, this behavior was sufficient to allow the === that returns Boolean
* to be the default in tests. This makes === consistent between tests and production
* code.
*
*
* @param condition the boolean condition to assert
* @throws TestFailedException if the condition is false.
*/
inline def assert(inline condition: Boolean)(implicit prettifier: Prettifier, pos: source.Position, use: UseDefaultAssertions.type): Assertion =
${ AssertionsMacro.assert('{condition}, '{prettifier}, '{pos}, '{""}) }
private[scalatest] def newAssertionFailedException(optionalMessage: Option[String], optionalCause: Option[Throwable], pos: source.Position, analysis: scala.collection.immutable.IndexedSeq[String]): Throwable =
new org.scalatest.exceptions.TestFailedException(toExceptionFunction(optionalMessage), optionalCause, Left(pos), None, analysis)
private[scalatest] def newTestCanceledException(optionalMessage: Option[String], optionalCause: Option[Throwable], pos: source.Position): Throwable =
new org.scalatest.exceptions.TestCanceledException(toExceptionFunction(optionalMessage), optionalCause, pos, None)
/**
* Assert that a boolean condition, described in String
* message, is true.
* If the condition is true, this method returns normally.
* Else, it throws TestFailedException with a helpful error message
* appended with the String obtained by invoking toString on the
* specified clue as the exception's detail message.
*
*
* This method is implemented in terms of a Scala macro that will generate a more helpful error message
* for expressions of this form:
*
*
*
* - assert(a == b, "a good clue")
* - assert(a != b, "a good clue")
* - assert(a === b, "a good clue")
* - assert(a !== b, "a good clue")
* - assert(a > b, "a good clue")
* - assert(a >= b, "a good clue")
* - assert(a < b, "a good clue")
* - assert(a <= b, "a good clue")
* - assert(a startsWith "prefix", "a good clue")
* - assert(a endsWith "postfix", "a good clue")
* - assert(a contains "something", "a good clue")
* - assert(a eq b, "a good clue")
* - assert(a ne b, "a good clue")
* - assert(a > 0 && b > 5, "a good clue")
* - assert(a > 0 || b > 5, "a good clue")
* - assert(a.isEmpty, "a good clue")
* - assert(!a.isEmpty, "a good clue")
* - assert(a.isInstanceOf[String], "a good clue")
* - assert(a.length == 8, "a good clue")
* - assert(a.size == 8, "a good clue")
* - assert(a.exists(_ == 8), "a good clue")
*
*
*
* At this time, any other form of expression will just get a TestFailedException with message saying the given
* expression was false. In the future, we will enhance this macro to give helpful error messages in more situations.
* In ScalaTest 2.0, however, this behavior was sufficient to allow the === that returns Boolean
* to be the default in tests. This makes === consistent between tests and production
* code.
*
*
* @param condition the boolean condition to assert
* @param clue An objects whose toString method returns a message to include in a failure report.
* @throws TestFailedException if the condition is false.
* @throws NullArgumentException if message is null.
*/
inline def assert(inline condition: Boolean, clue: Any)(implicit prettifier: Prettifier, pos: source.Position, use: UseDefaultAssertions.type): Assertion =
${ AssertionsMacro.assert('{condition}, '{prettifier}, '{pos}, '{clue}) }
/**
* Assume that a boolean condition is true.
* If the condition is true, this method returns normally.
* Else, it throws TestCanceledException.
*
*
* This method is implemented in terms of a Scala macro that will generate a more helpful error message
* for expressions of this form:
*
*
*
* - assume(a == b)
* - assume(a != b)
* - assume(a === b)
* - assume(a !== b)
* - assume(a > b)
* - assume(a >= b)
* - assume(a < b)
* - assume(a <= b)
* - assume(a startsWith "prefix")
* - assume(a endsWith "postfix")
* - assume(a contains "something")
* - assume(a eq b)
* - assume(a ne b)
* - assume(a > 0 && b > 5)
* - assume(a > 0 || b > 5)
* - assume(a.isEmpty)
* - assume(!a.isEmpty)
* - assume(a.isInstanceOf[String])
* - assume(a.length == 8)
* - assume(a.size == 8)
* - assume(a.exists(_ == 8))
*
*
*
* At this time, any other form of expression will just get a TestCanceledException with message saying the given
* expression was false. In the future, we will enhance this macro to give helpful error messages in more situations.
* In ScalaTest 2.0, however, this behavior was sufficient to allow the === that returns Boolean
* to be the default in tests. This makes === consistent between tests and production
* code.
*
*
* @param condition the boolean condition to assume
* @throws TestCanceledException if the condition is false.
*/
inline def assume(inline condition: Boolean)(implicit prettifier: Prettifier, pos: source.Position, use: UseDefaultAssertions.type): Assertion =
${ AssertionsMacro.assume('{condition}, '{prettifier}, '{pos}, '{""}) }
/**
* Assume that a boolean condition, described in String
* message, is true.
* If the condition is true, this method returns normally.
* Else, it throws TestCanceledException with a helpful error message
* appended with String obtained by invoking toString on the
* specified clue as the exception's detail message.
*
*
* This method is implemented in terms of a Scala macro that will generate a more helpful error message
* for expressions of this form:
*
*
*
* - assume(a == b, "a good clue")
* - assume(a != b, "a good clue")
* - assume(a === b, "a good clue")
* - assume(a !== b, "a good clue")
* - assume(a > b, "a good clue")
* - assume(a >= b, "a good clue")
* - assume(a < b, "a good clue")
* - assume(a <= b, "a good clue")
* - assume(a startsWith "prefix", "a good clue")
* - assume(a endsWith "postfix", "a good clue")
* - assume(a contains "something", "a good clue")
* - assume(a eq b, "a good clue")
* - assume(a ne b, "a good clue")
* - assume(a > 0 && b > 5, "a good clue")
* - assume(a > 0 || b > 5, "a good clue")
* - assume(a.isEmpty, "a good clue")
* - assume(!a.isEmpty, "a good clue")
* - assume(a.isInstanceOf[String], "a good clue")
* - assume(a.length == 8, "a good clue")
* - assume(a.size == 8, "a good clue")
* - assume(a.exists(_ == 8), "a good clue")
*
*
*
* At this time, any other form of expression will just get a TestCanceledException with message saying the given
* expression was false. In the future, we will enhance this macro to give helpful error messages in more situations.
* In ScalaTest 2.0, however, this behavior was sufficient to allow the === that returns Boolean
* to be the default in tests. This makes === consistent between tests and production
* code.
*
*
* @param condition the boolean condition to assume
* @param clue An objects whose toString method returns a message to include in a failure report.
* @throws TestCanceledException if the condition is false.
* @throws NullArgumentException if message is null.
*/
inline def assume(inline condition: Boolean, clue: Any)(implicit prettifier: Prettifier, pos: source.Position, use: UseDefaultAssertions.type): Assertion =
${ AssertionsMacro.assume('{condition}, '{prettifier}, '{pos}, '{clue}) }
/**
* Asserts that a given string snippet of code does not pass the Scala type checker, failing if the given
* snippet does not pass the Scala parser.
*
*
* Often when creating libraries you may wish to ensure that certain arrangements of code that
* represent potential “user errors” do not compile, so that your library is more error resistant.
* ScalaTest's Assertions trait includes the following syntax for that purpose:
*
*
*
* assertTypeError("val a: String = 1")
*
*
*
* Although assertTypeError is implemented with a macro that determines at compile time whether
* the snippet of code represented by the passed string type checks, errors (i.e.,
* snippets of code that do type check) are reported as test failures at runtime.
*
*
*
* Note that the difference between assertTypeError and assertDoesNotCompile is
* that assertDoesNotCompile will succeed if the given code does not compile for any reason,
* whereas assertTypeError will only succeed if the given code does not compile because of
* a type error. If the given code does not compile because of a syntax error, for example, assertDoesNotCompile
* will return normally but assertTypeError will throw a TestFailedException.
*
*
* @param code the snippet of code that should not type check
*/
inline def assertTypeError(inline code: String)(implicit pos: source.Position): Assertion =
${ CompileMacro.assertTypeErrorImpl('code, '{typeChecks(code)}, '{ pos }) }
/**
* Asserts that a given string snippet of code does not pass either the Scala parser or type checker.
*
*
* Often when creating libraries you may wish to ensure that certain arrangements of code that
* represent potential “user errors” do not compile, so that your library is more error resistant.
* ScalaTest's Assertions trait includes the following syntax for that purpose:
*
*
*
* assertDoesNotCompile("val a: String = \"a string")
*
*
*
* Although assertDoesNotCompile is implemented with a macro that determines at compile time whether
* the snippet of code represented by the passed string doesn't compile, errors (i.e.,
* snippets of code that do compile) are reported as test failures at runtime.
*
*
*
* Note that the difference between assertTypeError and assertDoesNotCompile is
* that assertDoesNotCompile will succeed if the given code does not compile for any reason,
* whereas assertTypeError will only succeed if the given code does not compile because of
* a type error. If the given code does not compile because of a syntax error, for example, assertDoesNotCompile
* will return normally but assertTypeError will throw a TestFailedException.
*
*
* @param code the snippet of code that should not type check
*/
inline def assertDoesNotCompile(inline code: String)(implicit pos: source.Position): Assertion =
${ CompileMacro.assertDoesNotCompileImpl('code, '{typeChecks(code)}, 'pos) }
/**
* Asserts that a given string snippet of code passes both the Scala parser and type checker.
*
*
* You can use this to make sure a snippet of code compiles:
*
*
*
* assertCompiles("val a: Int = 1")
*
*
*
* Although assertCompiles is implemented with a macro that determines at compile time whether
* the snippet of code represented by the passed string compiles, errors (i.e.,
* snippets of code that do not compile) are reported as test failures at runtime.
*
*
* @param code the snippet of code that should compile
*/
inline def assertCompiles(inline code: String)(implicit pos: source.Position): Assertion =
${ CompileMacro.assertCompilesImpl('code, '{typeChecks(code)}, 'pos) }
/**
* Intercept and return an exception that's expected to
* be thrown by the passed function value. The thrown exception must be an instance of the
* type specified by the type parameter of this method. This method invokes the passed
* function. If the function throws an exception that's an instance of the specified type,
* this method returns that exception. Else, whether the passed function returns normally
* or completes abruptly with a different exception, this method throws TestFailedException.
*
*
* Note that the type specified as this method's type parameter may represent any subtype of
* AnyRef, not just Throwable or one of its subclasses. In
* Scala, exceptions can be caught based on traits they implement, so it may at times make sense
* to specify a trait that the intercepted exception's class must mix in. If a class instance is
* passed for a type that could not possibly be used to catch an exception (such as String,
* for example), this method will complete abruptly with a TestFailedException.
*
*
*
* Also note that the difference between this method and assertThrows is that this method
* returns the expected exception, so it lets you perform further assertions on
* that exception. By contrast, the assertThrows method returns Succeeded, which means it can
* serve as the last statement in an async- or safe-style suite. assertThrows also indicates to the reader
* of the code that nothing further is expected about the thrown exception other than its type.
* The recommended usage is to use assertThrows by default, intercept only when you
* need to inspect the caught exception further.
*
*
* @param f the function value that should throw the expected exception
* @param classTag an implicit ClassTag representing the type of the specified
* type parameter.
* @return the intercepted exception, if it is of the expected type
* @throws TestFailedException if the passed function does not complete abruptly with an exception
* that's an instance of the specified type.
*/
def intercept[T <: AnyRef](f: => Any)(implicit classTag: ClassTag[T], pos: source.Position): T = {
val clazz = classTag.runtimeClass
val caught = try {
f
None
}
catch {
case u: Throwable => {
if (!clazz.isAssignableFrom(u.getClass)) {
val s = Resources.wrongException(clazz.getName, u.getClass.getName)
throw newAssertionFailedException(Some(s), Some(u), pos, Vector.empty)
}
else {
Some(u)
}
}
}
caught match {
case None =>
val message = Resources.exceptionExpected(clazz.getName)
throw newAssertionFailedException(Some(message), None, pos, Vector.empty)
case Some(e) => e.asInstanceOf[T] // I know this cast will succeed, becuase isAssignableFrom succeeded above
}
}
/**
* Ensure that an expected exception is thrown by the passed function value. The thrown exception must be an instance of the
* type specified by the type parameter of this method. This method invokes the passed
* function. If the function throws an exception that's an instance of the specified type,
* this method returns Succeeded. Else, whether the passed function returns normally
* or completes abruptly with a different exception, this method throws TestFailedException.
*
*
* Note that the type specified as this method's type parameter may represent any subtype of
* AnyRef, not just Throwable or one of its subclasses. In
* Scala, exceptions can be caught based on traits they implement, so it may at times make sense
* to specify a trait that the intercepted exception's class must mix in. If a class instance is
* passed for a type that could not possibly be used to catch an exception (such as String,
* for example), this method will complete abruptly with a TestFailedException.
*
*
*
* Also note that the difference between this method and intercept is that this method
* does not return the expected exception, so it does not let you perform further assertions on
* that exception. Instead, this method returns Succeeded, which means it can
* serve as the last statement in an async- or safe-style suite. It also indicates to the reader
* of the code that nothing further is expected about the thrown exception other than its type.
* The recommended usage is to use assertThrows by default, intercept only when you
* need to inspect the caught exception further.
*
*
* @param f the function value that should throw the expected exception
* @param classTag an implicit ClassTag representing the type of the specified
* type parameter.
* @return the Succeeded singleton, if an exception of the expected type is thrown
* @throws TestFailedException if the passed function does not complete abruptly with an exception
* that's an instance of the specified type.
*/
def assertThrows[T <: AnyRef](f: => Any)(implicit classTag: ClassTag[T], pos: source.Position): Assertion = {
val clazz = classTag.runtimeClass
val threwExpectedException =
try {
f
false
}
catch {
case u: Throwable => {
if (!clazz.isAssignableFrom(u.getClass)) {
val s = Resources.wrongException(clazz.getName, u.getClass.getName)
throw newAssertionFailedException(Some(s), Some(u), pos, Vector.empty)
}
else true
}
}
if (threwExpectedException) {
Succeeded
}
else {
val message = Resources.exceptionExpected(clazz.getName)
throw newAssertionFailedException(Some(message), None, pos, Vector.empty)
}
}
/**
* Trap and return any thrown exception that would normally cause a ScalaTest test to fail, or create and return a new RuntimeException
* indicating no exception is thrown.
*
*
* This method is intended to be used in the Scala interpreter to eliminate large stack traces when trying out ScalaTest assertions and
* matcher expressions. It is not intended to be used in regular test code. If you want to ensure that a bit of code throws an expected
* exception, use intercept, not trap. Here's an example interpreter session without trap:
*
*
*
* scala> import org.scalatest._
* import org.scalatest._
*
* scala> import Matchers._
* import Matchers._
*
* scala> val x = 12
* a: Int = 12
*
* scala> x shouldEqual 13
* org.scalatest.exceptions.TestFailedException: 12 did not equal 13
* at org.scalatest.Assertions$class.newAssertionFailedException(Assertions.scala:449)
* at org.scalatest.Assertions$.newAssertionFailedException(Assertions.scala:1203)
* at org.scalatest.Assertions$AssertionsHelper.macroAssertTrue(Assertions.scala:417)
* at .<init>(<console>:15)
* at .<clinit>(<console>)
* at .<init>(<console>:7)
* at .<clinit>(<console>)
* at $print(<console>)
* at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
* at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
* at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
* at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$ReadEvalPrint.call(IMain.scala:731)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain$Request.loadAndRun(IMain.scala:980)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.loadAndRunReq$1(IMain.scala:570)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.interpret(IMain.scala:601)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.IMain.interpret(IMain.scala:565)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.reallyInterpret$1(ILoop.scala:745)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.interpretStartingWith(ILoop.scala:790)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.command(ILoop.scala:702)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.processLine$1(ILoop.scala:566)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.innerLoop$1(ILoop.scala:573)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.loop(ILoop.scala:576)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop$$anonfun$process$1.apply$mcZ$sp(ILoop.scala:867)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop$$anonfun$process$1.apply(ILoop.scala:822)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop$$anonfun$process$1.apply(ILoop.scala:822)
* at scala.tools.nsc.util.ScalaClassLoader$.savingContextLoader(ScalaClassLoader.scala:135)
* at scala.tools.nsc.interpreter.ILoop.process(ILoop.scala:822)
* at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.runTarget$1(MainGenericRunner.scala:83)
* at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.process(MainGenericRunner.scala:96)
* at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner$.main(MainGenericRunner.scala:105)
* at scala.tools.nsc.MainGenericRunner.main(MainGenericRunner.scala)
*
*
*
* That's a pretty tall stack trace. Here's what it looks like when you use trap:
*
*
*
* scala> trap { x shouldEqual 13 }
* res1: Throwable = org.scalatest.exceptions.TestFailedException: 12 did not equal 13
*
*
*
* Much less clutter. Bear in mind, however, that if no exception is thrown by the
* passed block of code, the trap method will create a new NormalResult
* (a subclass of Throwable made for this purpose only) and return that. If the result was the Unit value, it
* will simply say that no exception was thrown:
*
*
*
* scala> trap { x shouldEqual 12 }
* res2: Throwable = No exception was thrown.
*
*
*
* If the passed block of code results in a value other than Unit, the NormalResult's toString will print the value:
*
*
*
* scala> trap { "Dude!" }
* res3: Throwable = No exception was thrown. Instead, result was: "Dude!"
*
*
*
* Although you can access the result value from the NormalResult, its type is Any and therefore not
* very convenient to use. It is not intended that trap be used in test code. The sole intended use case for trap is decluttering
* Scala interpreter sessions by eliminating stack traces when executing assertion and matcher expressions.
*
*/
@deprecated("The trap method is no longer needed for demos in the REPL, which now abreviates stack traces, and will be removed in a future version of ScalaTest")
def trap[T](f: => T): Throwable = {
try { new NormalResult(f) }
catch {
case ex: Throwable if !Suite.anExceptionThatShouldCauseAnAbort(ex) => ex
}
}
/**
* Assert that the value passed as expected equals the value passed as actual.
* If the actual equals the expected
* (as determined by ==), assertResult returns
* normally. Else, if actual is not equal to expected, assertResult throws a
* TestFailedException whose detail message includes the expected and actual values, as well as the String
* obtained by invoking toString on the passed clue.
*
* @param expected the expected value
* @param clue An object whose toString method returns a message to include in a failure report.
* @param actual the actual value, which should equal the passed expected value
* @throws TestFailedException if the passed actual value does not equal the passed expected value.
*/
def assertResult(expected: Any, clue: Any)(actual: Any)(implicit prettifier: Prettifier, pos: source.Position): Assertion = {
if (!areEqualComparingArraysStructurally(actual, expected)) {
val (act, exp) = Suite.getObjectsForFailureMessage(actual, expected)
val s = FailureMessages.expectedButGot(prettifier, exp, act)
val fullMsg = AppendedClues.appendClue(s, clue.toString)
throw newAssertionFailedException(Some(fullMsg), None, pos, Vector.empty)
}
Succeeded
}
/**
* Assert that the value passed as expected equals the value passed as actual.
* If the actual value equals the expected value
* (as determined by ==), assertResult returns
* normally. Else, assertResult throws a
* TestFailedException whose detail message includes the expected and actual values.
*
* @param expected the expected value
* @param actual the actual value, which should equal the passed expected value
* @throws TestFailedException if the passed actual value does not equal the passed expected value.
*/
def assertResult(expected: Any)(actual: Any)(implicit prettifier: Prettifier, pos: source.Position): Assertion = {
if (!areEqualComparingArraysStructurally(actual, expected)) {
val (act, exp) = Suite.getObjectsForFailureMessage(actual, expected)
val s = FailureMessages.expectedButGot(prettifier, exp, act)
throw newAssertionFailedException(Some(s), None, pos, Vector.empty)
}
Succeeded
}
/*
* TODO: Delete this if sticking with Nothing instead of Unit as result type of fail.
*
* The result type of this and the other overloaded fail methods is
* Unit instead of Nothing, because Nothing
* is a subtype of all other types. If the result type of fail were
* Nothing, a block of code that ends in a call to fail() may
* fail to compile if the block being passed as a by-name parameter or function to an
* overloaded method. The reason is that the compiler selects which overloaded
* method to call based on the static types of the parameters passed. Since
* Nothing is an instance of everything, it can often make the overloaded
* method selection ambiguous.
*
*
*
* For a concrete example, the Conductor class
* in package org.scalatest.concurrent has two overloaded variants of the
* thread method:
*
*
*
* def thread[T](fun: => T): Thread
*
* def thread[T](name: String)(fun: => T): Thread
*
*
*
* Given these two overloaded methods, the following code will compile given the result type
* of fail is Unit, but would not compile if the result type were
* Nothing:
*
*
*
* thread { fail() }
*
*
*
* If the result type of fail were Nothing, the type of the by-name parameter
* would be inferred to be Nothing, which is a subtype of both T and
* String. Thus the call is ambiguous, because the type matches the first parameter type
* of both overloaded thread methods. Unit, by constrast, is not
* a subtype of String, so it only matches one overloaded variant and compiles just fine.
*
*/
/**
* Throws TestFailedException to indicate a test failed.
*/
def fail()(implicit pos: source.Position): Nothing = { throw newAssertionFailedException(None, None, pos, Vector.empty) }
/**
* Throws TestFailedException, with the passed
* String message as the exception's detail
* message, to indicate a test failed.
*
* @param message A message describing the failure.
* @throws NullArgumentException if message is null
*/
def fail(message: String)(implicit pos: source.Position): Nothing = {
requireNonNull(message)
throw newAssertionFailedException(Some(message), None, pos, Vector.empty)
}
/**
* Throws TestFailedException, with the passed
* String message as the exception's detail
* message and Throwable cause, to indicate a test failed.
*
* @param message A message describing the failure.
* @param cause A Throwable that indicates the cause of the failure.
* @throws NullArgumentException if message or cause is null
*/
def fail(message: String, cause: Throwable)(implicit pos: source.Position): Nothing = {
requireNonNull(message, cause)
throw newAssertionFailedException(Some(message), Some(cause), pos, Vector.empty)
}
/**
* Throws TestFailedException, with the passed
* Throwable cause, to indicate a test failed.
* The getMessage method of the thrown TestFailedException
* will return cause.toString.
*
* @param cause a Throwable that indicates the cause of the failure.
* @throws NullArgumentException if cause is null
*/
def fail(cause: Throwable)(implicit pos: source.Position): Nothing = {
requireNonNull(cause)
throw newAssertionFailedException(None, Some(cause), pos, Vector.empty)
}
/**
* Throws TestCanceledException to indicate a test was canceled.
*/
def cancel()(implicit pos: source.Position): Nothing = { throw newTestCanceledException(None, None, pos) }
/**
* Throws TestCanceledException, with the passed
* String message as the exception's detail
* message, to indicate a test was canceled.
*
* @param message A message describing the cancellation.
* @throws NullArgumentException if message is null
*/
def cancel(message: String)(implicit pos: source.Position): Nothing = {
requireNonNull(message)
throw newTestCanceledException(Some(message), None, pos)
}
/**
* Throws TestCanceledException, with the passed
* String message as the exception's detail
* message and Throwable cause, to indicate a test failed.
*
* @param message A message describing the failure.
* @param cause A Throwable that indicates the cause of the failure.
* @throws NullArgumentException if message or cause is null
*/
def cancel(message: String, cause: Throwable)(implicit pos: source.Position): Nothing = {
requireNonNull(message, cause)
throw newTestCanceledException(Some(message), Some(cause), pos)
}
/**
* Throws TestCanceledException, with the passed
* Throwable cause, to indicate a test failed.
* The getMessage method of the thrown TestCanceledException
* will return cause.toString.
*
* @param cause a Throwable that indicates the cause of the cancellation.
* @throws NullArgumentException if cause is null
*/
def cancel(cause: Throwable)(implicit pos: source.Position): Nothing = {
requireNonNull(cause)
throw newTestCanceledException(None, Some(cause), pos)
}
/**
* Executes the block of code passed as the second parameter, and, if it
* completes abruptly with a ModifiableMessage exception,
* prepends the "clue" string passed as the first parameter to the beginning of the detail message
* of that thrown exception, then rethrows it. If clue does not end in a white space
* character, one space will be added
* between it and the existing detail message (unless the detail message is
* not defined).
*
*
* This method allows you to add more information about what went wrong that will be
* reported when a test fails. Here's an example:
*
*
*
* withClue("(Employee's name was: " + employee.name + ")") {
* intercept[IllegalArgumentException] {
* employee.getTask(-1)
* }
* }
*
*
*
* If an invocation of intercept completed abruptly with an exception, the resulting message would be something like:
*
*
*
* (Employee's name was Bob Jones) Expected IllegalArgumentException to be thrown, but no exception was thrown
*
*
* @throws NullArgumentException if the passed clue is null
*/
def withClue[T](clue: Any)(fun: => T): T = {
requireNonNull(clue)
val prepend = (currentMessage: Option[String]) => {
currentMessage match {
case Some(msg) =>
if (clue.toString.last.isWhitespace) // TODO: shouldn't I also check if the head of msg isWhite?
Some(clue.toString + msg)
else
Some(clue.toString + " " + msg)
case None => Some(clue.toString)
}
}
try {
val outcome = fun
outcome match {
case Failed(e: org.scalatest.exceptions.ModifiableMessage[_]) if clue.toString != "" =>
Failed(e.modifyMessage(prepend)).asInstanceOf[T]
case Canceled(e: org.scalatest.exceptions.ModifiableMessage[_]) if clue.toString != "" =>
Canceled(e.modifyMessage(prepend)).asInstanceOf[T]
case _ => outcome
}
}
catch {
case e: org.scalatest.exceptions.ModifiableMessage[_] with Throwable =>
if (clue != "")
throw e.modifyMessage(prepend)
else
throw e
}
}
/* Hold off on this for now. See how people do with the simple one that takes an Any.
def withClueFunction(sfun: Option[String] => Option[String])(fun: => Unit) {
fun
}
*/
/**
* Throws TestPendingException to indicate a test is pending.
*
*
* A pending test is one that has been given a name but is not yet implemented. The purpose of
* pending tests is to facilitate a style of testing in which documentation of behavior is sketched
* out before tests are written to verify that behavior (and often, the before the behavior of
* the system being tested is itself implemented). Such sketches form a kind of specification of
* what tests and functionality to implement later.
*
*
*
* To support this style of testing, a test can be given a name that specifies one
* bit of behavior required by the system being tested. The test can also include some code that
* sends more information about the behavior to the reporter when the tests run. At the end of the test,
* it can call method pending, which will cause it to complete abruptly with TestPendingException.
* Because tests in ScalaTest can be designated as pending with TestPendingException, both the test name and any information
* sent to the reporter when running the test can appear in the report of a test run. (In other words,
* the code of a pending test is executed just like any other test.) However, because the test completes abruptly
* with TestPendingException, the test will be reported as pending, to indicate
* the actual test, and possibly the functionality it is intended to test, has not yet been implemented.
*
*
*
* Note: This method always completes abruptly with a TestPendingException. Thus it always has a side
* effect. Methods with side effects are usually invoked with parentheses, as in pending(). This
* method is defined as a parameterless method, in flagrant contradiction to recommended Scala style, because it
* forms a kind of DSL for pending tests. It enables tests in suites such as FunSuite or FunSpec
* to be denoted by placing "(pending)" after the test name, as in:
*
*
*
* test("that style rules are not laws") (pending)
*
*
*
* Readers of the code see "pending" in parentheses, which looks like a little note attached to the test name to indicate
* it is pending. Whereas "(pending()) looks more like a method call, "(pending)" lets readers
* stay at a higher level, forgetting how it is implemented and just focusing on the intent of the programmer who wrote the code.
*
*/
def pending: Assertion with PendingStatement = { throw new TestPendingException }
/**
* Execute the passed block of code, and if it completes abruptly, throw TestPendingException, else
* throw TestFailedException.
*
*
* This method can be used to temporarily change a failing test into a pending test in such a way that it will
* automatically turn back into a failing test once the problem originally causing the test to fail has been fixed.
* At that point, you need only remove the pendingUntilFixed call. In other words, a
* pendingUntilFixed surrounding a block of code that isn't broken is treated as a test failure.
* The motivation for this behavior is to encourage people to remove pendingUntilFixed calls when
* there are no longer needed.
*
*
*
* This method facilitates a style of testing in which tests are written before the code they test. Sometimes you may
* encounter a test failure that requires more functionality than you want to tackle without writing more tests. In this
* case you can mark the bit of test code causing the failure with pendingUntilFixed. You can then write more
* tests and functionality that eventually will get your production code to a point where the original test won't fail anymore.
* At this point the code block marked with pendingUntilFixed will no longer throw an exception (because the
* problem has been fixed). This will in turn cause pendingUntilFixed to throw TestFailedException
* with a detail message explaining you need to go back and remove the pendingUntilFixed call as the problem orginally
* causing your test code to fail has been fixed.
*
*
* @param f a block of code, which if it completes abruptly, should trigger a TestPendingException
* @throws TestPendingException if the passed block of code completes abruptly with an Exception or AssertionError
*/
def pendingUntilFixed(f: => Unit)(implicit pos: source.Position): Assertion with PendingStatement = {
val isPending =
try {
f
false
}
catch {
case _: Exception => true
case _: AssertionError => true
}
if (isPending)
throw new TestPendingException
else
throw new TestFailedException((sde: StackDepthException) => Some(Resources.pendingUntilFixed), None, pos)
}
/**
* The Succeeded singleton.
*
*
* You can use succeed to solve a type error when an async test
* does not end in either Future[Assertion] or Assertion.
* Because Assertion is a type alias for Succeeded.type,
* putting succeed at the end of a test body (or at the end of a
* function being used to map the final future of a test body) will solve
* the type error.
*
*/
final val succeed: Assertion = Succeeded
inline def (x: String) stripMargin : String =
${ org.scalatest.Assertions.stripMarginImpl('x) }
}
/**
* Companion object that facilitates the importing of Assertions members as
* an alternative to mixing it in. One use case is to import Assertions members so you can use
* them in the Scala interpreter:
*
*
* $scala -classpath scalatest.jar
* Welcome to Scala version 2.7.3.final (Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM, Java 1.5.0_16).
* Type in expressions to have them evaluated.
* Type :help for more information.
*
* scala> import org.scalatest.Assertions._
* import org.scalatest.Assertions._
*
* scala> assert(1 === 2)
* org.scalatest.TestFailedException: 1 did not equal 2
* at org.scalatest.Assertions$class.assert(Assertions.scala:211)
* at org.scalatest.Assertions$.assert(Assertions.scala:511)
* at .<init>(<console>:7)
* at .<clinit>(<console>)
* at RequestResult$.<init>(<console>:3)
* at RequestResult$.<clinit>(<console>)
* at RequestResult$result(<console>)
* at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke...
*
* scala> assertResult(3) { 1 + 3 }
* org.scalatest.TestFailedException: Expected 3, but got 4
* at org.scalatest.Assertions$class.expect(Assertions.scala:447)
* at org.scalatest.Assertions$.expect(Assertions.scala:511)
* at .<init>(<console>:7)
* at .<clinit>(<console>)
* at RequestResult$.<init>(<console>:3)
* at RequestResult$.<clinit>(<console>)
* at RequestResult$result(<console>)
* at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.in...
*
* scala> val caught = intercept[StringIndexOutOfBoundsException] { "hi".charAt(-1) }
* caught: StringIndexOutOfBoundsException = java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: String index out of range: -1
*
*
* @author Bill Venners
*/
object Assertions extends Assertions {
import scala.quoted._
import scala.quoted.matching.Const
def stripMarginImpl(x: Expr[String])(implicit qctx: QuoteContext): Expr[String] = x match {
case Const(str) => Expr(new scala.collection.immutable.StringOps(str).stripMargin)
case _ => '{ new scala.collection.immutable.StringOps($x).stripMargin }
}
@deprecated("The trap method is no longer needed for demos in the REPL, which now abreviates stack traces, so NormalResult will be removed in a future version of ScalaTest")
case class NormalResult(result: Any) extends Throwable {
override def toString = if (result == (())) Resources.noExceptionWasThrown else Resources.resultWas(Prettifier.default(result))
}
private[scalatest] def areEqualComparingArraysStructurally(left: Any, right: Any): Boolean = {
// Prior to 2.0 this only called .deep if both sides were arrays. Loosened it
// when nearing 2.0.M6 to call .deep if either left or right side is an array.
// TODO: this is the same algo as in scalactic.DefaultEquality. Put that one in
// a singleton and use it in both places.
left match {
case leftArray: Array[_] =>
right match {
case rightArray: Array[_] => deep(leftArray) == deep(rightArray)
case rightNonEmptyArray: NonEmptyArray[_] => deep(leftArray) == deep(rightNonEmptyArray.toArray)
case _ => deep(leftArray) == right
}
case leftNonEmptyArray: NonEmptyArray[_] =>
right match {
case rightArray: Array[_] => deep(leftNonEmptyArray.toArray) == deep(rightArray)
case rightNonEmptyArray: NonEmptyArray[_] => deep(leftNonEmptyArray.toArray) == deep(rightNonEmptyArray.toArray)
case _ => deep(leftNonEmptyArray.toArray) == right
}
case other => {
right match {
case rightArray: Array[_] => left == deep(rightArray)
case rightNonEmptyArray: NonEmptyArray[_] => left == deep(rightNonEmptyArray.toArray)
case _ => left == right
}
}
}
}
/**
* Helper class used by code generated by the assert macro.
*/
class AssertionsHelper {
private def append(currentMessage: Option[String], clue: Any) = {
val clueStr = clue.toString
if (clueStr.isEmpty)
currentMessage
else {
currentMessage match {
case Some(msg) =>
// clue.toString.head is guaranteed to work, because the previous if check that clue.toString != ""
val firstChar = clueStr.head
if (firstChar.isWhitespace || firstChar == '.' || firstChar == ',' || firstChar == ';')
Some(msg + clueStr)
else
Some(msg + " " + clueStr)
case None => Some(clueStr)
}
}
}
/**
* Assert that the passed in Bool is true, else fail with TestFailedException.
*
* @param bool the Bool to assert for
* @param clue optional clue to be included in TestFailedException's error message when assertion failed
*/
def macroAssert(bool: Bool, clue: Any, pos: source.Position): Assertion = {
requireNonNull(clue)(bool.prettifier, pos)
if (!bool.value) {
val failureMessage = if (Bool.isSimpleWithoutExpressionText(bool)) None else Some(bool.failureMessage)
throw newAssertionFailedException(append(failureMessage, clue), None, pos, bool.analysis)
}
Succeeded
}
/**
* Assume that the passed in Bool is true, else throw TestCanceledException.
*
* @param bool the Bool to assume for
* @param clue optional clue to be included in TestCanceledException's error message when assertion failed
*/
def macroAssume(bool: Bool, clue: Any, pos: source.Position): Assertion = {
requireNonNull(clue)(bool.prettifier, pos)
if (!bool.value) {
val failureMessage = if (Bool.isSimpleWithoutExpressionText(bool)) None else Some(bool.failureMessage)
throw newTestCanceledException(append(failureMessage, clue), None, pos)
}
Succeeded
}
}
/**
* Helper instance used by code generated by macro assertion.
*/
val assertionsHelper = new AssertionsHelper
}