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A simple utility to manage environment configs in Java-based projects by merging *.properties files with environment variables overrides.
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package com.sitture.env.config;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;

import org.apache.commons.configuration2.CompositeConfiguration;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public final class EnvConfig extends ConfigLoader {

	private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EnvConfig.class);
	protected static EnvConfig envConfig;

	private EnvConfig() {
		loadConfigurations();
	}

	/**
	 * Creates an instance of Config class or returns already created.
	 *
	 * @return instance of Config
	 */
	public static synchronized EnvConfig getConfig() {
		if (envConfig == null) {
			envConfig = new EnvConfig();
		}
		return envConfig;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns value of the property 'property' of empty string if the property
	 * is not found.
	 *
	 * @param property
	 *            Name of the property to get value of
	 * @return value of the property of empty string
	 */
	private String getProperty(final String property) {
		final String value = getConfiguration().getString(property, null);
		if (null == value || value.isEmpty()) {
			LOG.debug("Property {} was not found in properties file", property);
		}
		return null != value ? value.trim() : value;
	}

	/**
	 * Adds a property to the config.
	 *
	 * @param property
	 *            Name of the property to add value of
	 * @param value
	 *            Value to be assigned to the property
	 */
	private void addProperty(final String property, final Object value) {
		getConfiguration().addProperty(property, value);
	}

	/**
	 * Sets an existing property to given new value.
	 * @param property
	 *            Name of the property to set value of
	 * @param value
	 *            Value to be assigned to the existing property
	 */
	private void setProperty(final String property, final Object value) {
		getConfiguration().setProperty(property, value);
	}

	/**
	 * Set a property into the config with given Object value.
	 * @param property
	 *            Key of the config entry
	 * @param value
	 *            value of the config entry
	 */
	public static void set(final String property, final Object value) {
		getConfig().setProperty(property, value);
	}

	/**
	 * Adds a property into the config with given Object value.
	 * @param property
	 *            Key of the config entry
	 * @param value
	 *            value of the config entry
	 */
	public static void add(final String property, final Object value) {
		getConfig().addProperty(property, value);
	}

	/**
	 * Get property from file.
	 * @param property
	 *            property name.
	 * @return property value.
	 */
	public static String get(final String property) {
		return getConfig().getProperty(property);
	}

	/**
	 * Get property from file.
	 *
	 * @param property
	 *            property name.
	 * @param defaultValue
	 *            default value if not set
	 * @return property value.
	 */
	public static String get(final String property, final String defaultValue) {
		final String value = get(property);
		return null != value ? value : defaultValue;
	}

	/**
	 * Get property from file.
	 *
	 * @param property
	 *            property name.
	 * @param required
	 *            boolean if its a required property
	 * @return property value.
	 */
	public static String get(final String property, final boolean required) {
		final String value = get(property);
		if (null == value && required) {
			throw new MissingVariableException("Missing required variable '" + property + "'");
		}
		return value;
	}

	/**
	 * Get property from file.
	 *
	 * @param property
	 *            - property name.
	 * @return property value.
	 */
	public static int getInteger(final String property) {
		return Integer.parseInt(get(property));
	}

	/**
	 * returns a key/value from a named config, parsed as Boolean.
	 *
	 * @param key
	 *            the key
	 * @return a Boolean representing the value, false if the value cannot be
	 *         parsed as Boolean
	 */
	public static boolean getBool(final String property) {
		if (null == get(property)) {
			return false;
		}
		return Boolean.parseBoolean(get(property));
	}

	/**
	 * Gets environment property from Config.
	 *
	 * @return env property value.
	 */
	public static String getEnvironment() {
		return getConfig().getProperty(CONFIG_ENV_KEY);
	}

	private CompositeConfiguration getCompositeConfig() {
		return configuration;
	}

	/**
	 * @return the configuration object.
	 */
	private static CompositeConfiguration getConfiguration() {
		return getConfig().getCompositeConfig();
	}

	private Map asMap() {
		Map propertiesMap = new TreeMap();
		Iterator keys = getConfiguration().getKeys();
		while (keys.hasNext()) {
			String property = keys.next();
			propertiesMap.put(property, get(property));
		}
		return propertiesMap;
	}

	public String toString() {
		return asMap().toString().replaceAll(", ", "\n");
	}

}