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SQLancer finds logic bugs in Database Management Systems through automatic testing
package sqlancer.postgres.gen;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import sqlancer.Randomly;
import sqlancer.common.DBMSCommon;
import sqlancer.common.query.ExpectedErrors;
import sqlancer.common.query.SQLQueryAdapter;
import sqlancer.postgres.PostgresGlobalState;
import sqlancer.postgres.PostgresSchema;
import sqlancer.postgres.PostgresSchema.PostgresColumn;
import sqlancer.postgres.PostgresSchema.PostgresDataType;
import sqlancer.postgres.PostgresSchema.PostgresTable;
import sqlancer.postgres.PostgresVisitor;
import sqlancer.postgres.ast.PostgresExpression;
public class PostgresTableGenerator {
private final String tableName;
private boolean columnCanHavePrimaryKey;
private boolean columnHasPrimaryKey;
private final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
private boolean isTemporaryTable;
private final PostgresSchema newSchema;
private final List columnsToBeAdded = new ArrayList<>();
protected final ExpectedErrors errors = new ExpectedErrors();
private final PostgresTable table;
private final boolean generateOnlyKnown;
private final PostgresGlobalState globalState;
public PostgresTableGenerator(String tableName, PostgresSchema newSchema, boolean generateOnlyKnown,
PostgresGlobalState globalState) {
this.tableName = tableName;
this.newSchema = newSchema;
this.generateOnlyKnown = generateOnlyKnown;
this.globalState = globalState;
table = new PostgresTable(tableName, columnsToBeAdded, null, null, null, false, false);
errors.add("invalid input syntax for");
errors.add("is not unique");
errors.add("integer out of range");
errors.add("division by zero");
errors.add("cannot create partitioned table as inheritance child");
errors.add("cannot cast");
errors.add("ERROR: functions in index expression must be marked IMMUTABLE");
errors.add("functions in partition key expression must be marked IMMUTABLE");
errors.add("functions in index predicate must be marked IMMUTABLE");
errors.add("has no default operator class for access method");
errors.add("does not exist for access method");
errors.add("does not accept data type");
errors.add("but default expression is of type text");
errors.add("has pseudo-type unknown");
errors.add("no collation was derived for partition key column");
errors.add("inherits from generated column but specifies identity");
errors.add("inherits from generated column but specifies default");
PostgresCommon.addCommonExpressionErrors(errors);
PostgresCommon.addCommonTableErrors(errors);
}
public static SQLQueryAdapter generate(String tableName, PostgresSchema newSchema, boolean generateOnlyKnown,
PostgresGlobalState globalState) {
return new PostgresTableGenerator(tableName, newSchema, generateOnlyKnown, globalState).generate();
}
private SQLQueryAdapter generate() {
columnCanHavePrimaryKey = true;
sb.append("CREATE");
if (Randomly.getBoolean()) {
sb.append(" ");
isTemporaryTable = true;
sb.append(Randomly.fromOptions("TEMPORARY", "TEMP"));
} else if (Randomly.getBoolean()) {
sb.append(" UNLOGGED");
}
sb.append(" TABLE");
if (Randomly.getBoolean()) {
sb.append(" IF NOT EXISTS");
}
sb.append(" ");
sb.append(tableName);
if (Randomly.getBoolean() && !newSchema.getDatabaseTables().isEmpty()) {
createLike();
} else {
createStandard();
}
return new SQLQueryAdapter(sb.toString(), errors, true);
}
private void createStandard() throws AssertionError {
sb.append("(");
for (int i = 0; i < Randomly.smallNumber() + 1; i++) {
if (i != 0) {
sb.append(", ");
}
String name = DBMSCommon.createColumnName(i);
createColumn(name);
}
if (Randomly.getBoolean()) {
errors.add("constraints on temporary tables may reference only temporary tables");
errors.add("constraints on unlogged tables may reference only permanent or unlogged tables");
errors.add("constraints on permanent tables may reference only permanent tables");
errors.add("cannot be implemented");
errors.add("there is no unique constraint matching given keys for referenced table");
errors.add("cannot reference partitioned table");
errors.add("unsupported ON COMMIT and foreign key combination");
errors.add("ERROR: invalid ON DELETE action for foreign key constraint containing generated column");
errors.add("exclusion constraints are not supported on partitioned tables");
PostgresCommon.addTableConstraints(columnHasPrimaryKey, sb, table, globalState, errors);
}
sb.append(")");
generateInherits();
generatePartitionBy();
PostgresCommon.generateWith(sb, globalState, errors);
if (Randomly.getBoolean() && isTemporaryTable) {
sb.append(" ON COMMIT ");
sb.append(Randomly.fromOptions("PRESERVE ROWS", "DELETE ROWS", "DROP"));
sb.append(" ");
}
}
private void createLike() {
sb.append("(");
sb.append("LIKE ");
sb.append(newSchema.getRandomTable().getName());
if (Randomly.getBoolean()) {
for (int i = 0; i < Randomly.smallNumber(); i++) {
String option = Randomly.fromOptions("DEFAULTS", "CONSTRAINTS", "INDEXES", "STORAGE", "COMMENTS",
"GENERATED", "IDENTITY", "STATISTICS", "STORAGE", "ALL");
sb.append(" ");
sb.append(Randomly.fromOptions("INCLUDING", "EXCLUDING"));
sb.append(" ");
sb.append(option);
}
}
sb.append(")");
}
private void createColumn(String name) throws AssertionError {
sb.append(name);
sb.append(" ");
PostgresDataType type = PostgresDataType.getRandomType();
boolean serial = PostgresCommon.appendDataType(type, sb, true, generateOnlyKnown, globalState.getCollates());
PostgresColumn c = new PostgresColumn(name, type);
c.setTable(table);
columnsToBeAdded.add(c);
sb.append(" ");
if (Randomly.getBoolean()) {
createColumnConstraint(type, serial);
}
}
private void generatePartitionBy() {
if (Randomly.getBoolean()) {
return;
}
sb.append(" PARTITION BY ");
// TODO "RANGE",
String partitionOption = Randomly.fromOptions("RANGE", "LIST", "HASH");
sb.append(partitionOption);
sb.append("(");
errors.add("unrecognized parameter");
errors.add("cannot use constant expression");
errors.add("cannot add NO INHERIT constraint to partitioned table");
errors.add("unrecognized parameter");
errors.add("unsupported PRIMARY KEY constraint with partition key definition");
errors.add("which is part of the partition key.");
errors.add("unsupported UNIQUE constraint with partition key definition");
errors.add("does not accept data type");
int n = partitionOption.contentEquals("LIST") ? 1 : Randomly.smallNumber() + 1;
PostgresCommon.addCommonExpressionErrors(errors);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (i != 0) {
sb.append(", ");
}
sb.append("(");
PostgresExpression expr = PostgresExpressionGenerator.generateExpression(globalState, columnsToBeAdded);
sb.append(PostgresVisitor.asString(expr));
sb.append(")");
if (Randomly.getBoolean()) {
sb.append(globalState.getRandomOpclass());
errors.add("does not exist for access method");
}
}
sb.append(")");
}
private void generateInherits() {
if (Randomly.getBoolean() && !newSchema.getDatabaseTables().isEmpty()) {
sb.append(" INHERITS(");
sb.append(newSchema.getDatabaseTablesRandomSubsetNotEmpty().stream().map(t -> t.getName())
.collect(Collectors.joining(", ")));
sb.append(")");
errors.add("has a type conflict");
errors.add("has a generation conflict");
errors.add("cannot create partitioned table as inheritance child");
errors.add("cannot inherit from temporary relation");
errors.add("cannot inherit from partitioned table");
errors.add("has a collation conflict");
errors.add("inherits conflicting default values");
}
}
private enum ColumnConstraint {
NULL_OR_NOT_NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY_KEY, DEFAULT, CHECK, GENERATED
};
private void createColumnConstraint(PostgresDataType type, boolean serial) {
List constraintSubset = Randomly.nonEmptySubset(ColumnConstraint.values());
if (Randomly.getBoolean()) {
// make checks constraints less likely
constraintSubset.remove(ColumnConstraint.CHECK);
}
if (!columnCanHavePrimaryKey || columnHasPrimaryKey) {
constraintSubset.remove(ColumnConstraint.PRIMARY_KEY);
}
if (constraintSubset.contains(ColumnConstraint.GENERATED)
&& constraintSubset.contains(ColumnConstraint.DEFAULT)) {
// otherwise: ERROR: both default and identity specified for column
constraintSubset.remove(Randomly.fromOptions(ColumnConstraint.GENERATED, ColumnConstraint.DEFAULT));
}
if (constraintSubset.contains(ColumnConstraint.GENERATED) && type != PostgresDataType.INT) {
// otherwise: ERROR: identity column type must be smallint, integer, or bigint
constraintSubset.remove(ColumnConstraint.GENERATED);
}
if (serial) {
constraintSubset.remove(ColumnConstraint.GENERATED);
constraintSubset.remove(ColumnConstraint.DEFAULT);
constraintSubset.remove(ColumnConstraint.NULL_OR_NOT_NULL);
}
for (ColumnConstraint c : constraintSubset) {
sb.append(" ");
switch (c) {
case NULL_OR_NOT_NULL:
sb.append(Randomly.fromOptions("NOT NULL", "NULL"));
break;
case UNIQUE:
sb.append("UNIQUE");
break;
case PRIMARY_KEY:
sb.append("PRIMARY KEY");
columnHasPrimaryKey = true;
break;
case DEFAULT:
sb.append("DEFAULT");
sb.append(" (");
sb.append(PostgresVisitor.asString(PostgresExpressionGenerator.generateExpression(globalState, type)));
sb.append(")");
// CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE t1(c0 smallint DEFAULT ('566963878'));
errors.add("out of range");
errors.add("is a generated column");
break;
case CHECK:
sb.append("CHECK (");
sb.append(PostgresVisitor.asString(PostgresExpressionGenerator.generateExpression(globalState,
columnsToBeAdded, PostgresDataType.BOOLEAN)));
sb.append(")");
if (Randomly.getBoolean()) {
sb.append(" NO INHERIT");
}
errors.add("out of range");
break;
case GENERATED:
sb.append("GENERATED ");
if (Randomly.getBoolean()) {
sb.append(" ALWAYS AS (");
sb.append(PostgresVisitor.asString(
PostgresExpressionGenerator.generateExpression(globalState, columnsToBeAdded, type)));
sb.append(") STORED");
errors.add("A generated column cannot reference another generated column.");
errors.add("cannot use generated column in partition key");
errors.add("generation expression is not immutable");
errors.add("cannot use column reference in DEFAULT expression");
} else {
sb.append(Randomly.fromOptions("ALWAYS", "BY DEFAULT"));
sb.append(" AS IDENTITY");
}
break;
default:
throw new AssertionError(sb);
}
}
}
}