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A fork of the Apache Cassandra Project ready to embed Elasticsearch.
/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
* to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
* "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.format;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
import com.google.common.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.google.common.base.Predicate;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterables;
import com.google.common.collect.Ordering;
import com.google.common.primitives.Longs;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import com.clearspring.analytics.stream.cardinality.CardinalityMergeException;
import com.clearspring.analytics.stream.cardinality.HyperLogLogPlus;
import com.clearspring.analytics.stream.cardinality.ICardinality;
import org.apache.cassandra.cache.ChunkCache;
import org.apache.cassandra.cache.InstrumentingCache;
import org.apache.cassandra.cache.KeyCacheKey;
import org.apache.cassandra.concurrent.DebuggableThreadPoolExecutor;
import org.apache.cassandra.concurrent.NamedThreadFactory;
import org.apache.cassandra.concurrent.ScheduledExecutors;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.CFMetaData;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.Config;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.DatabaseDescriptor;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.Schema;
import org.apache.cassandra.config.SchemaConstants;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.filter.ColumnFilter;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.Cell;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.EncodingStats;
import org.apache.cassandra.db.rows.UnfilteredRowIterator;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.AbstractBounds;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.Range;
import org.apache.cassandra.dht.Token;
import org.apache.cassandra.index.internal.CassandraIndex;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.FSError;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.compress.CompressionMetadata;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.sstable.metadata.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.metrics.RestorableMeter;
import org.apache.cassandra.metrics.StorageMetrics;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.CachingParams;
import org.apache.cassandra.schema.IndexMetadata;
import org.apache.cassandra.service.ActiveRepairService;
import org.apache.cassandra.service.CacheService;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.*;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.concurrent.OpOrder;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.concurrent.Ref;
import org.apache.cassandra.utils.concurrent.SelfRefCounted;
import static org.apache.cassandra.db.Directories.SECONDARY_INDEX_NAME_SEPARATOR;
/**
* An SSTableReader can be constructed in a number of places, but typically is either
* read from disk at startup, or constructed from a flushed memtable, or after compaction
* to replace some existing sstables. However once created, an sstablereader may also be modified.
*
* A reader's OpenReason describes its current stage in its lifecycle, as follows:
*
*
* {@code
* NORMAL
* From: None => Reader has been read from disk, either at startup or from a flushed memtable
* EARLY => Reader is the final result of a compaction
* MOVED_START => Reader WAS being compacted, but this failed and it has been restored to NORMAL status
*
* EARLY
* From: None => Reader is a compaction replacement that is either incomplete and has been opened
* to represent its partial result status, or has been finished but the compaction
* it is a part of has not yet completed fully
* EARLY => Same as from None, only it is not the first time it has been
*
* MOVED_START
* From: NORMAL => Reader is being compacted. This compaction has not finished, but the compaction result
* is either partially or fully opened, to either partially or fully replace this reader.
* This reader's start key has been updated to represent this, so that reads only hit
* one or the other reader.
*
* METADATA_CHANGE
* From: NORMAL => Reader has seen low traffic and the amount of memory available for index summaries is
* constrained, so its index summary has been downsampled.
* METADATA_CHANGE => Same
* }
*
* Note that in parallel to this, there are two different Descriptor types; TMPLINK and FINAL; the latter corresponds
* to NORMAL state readers and all readers that replace a NORMAL one. TMPLINK is used for EARLY state readers and
* no others.
*
* When a reader is being compacted, if the result is large its replacement may be opened as EARLY before compaction
* completes in order to present the result to consumers earlier. In this case the reader will itself be changed to
* a MOVED_START state, where its start no longer represents its on-disk minimum key. This is to permit reads to be
* directed to only one reader when the two represent the same data. The EARLY file can represent a compaction result
* that is either partially complete and still in-progress, or a complete and immutable sstable that is part of a larger
* macro compaction action that has not yet fully completed.
*
* Currently ALL compaction results at least briefly go through an EARLY open state prior to completion, regardless
* of if early opening is enabled.
*
* Since a reader can be created multiple times over the same shared underlying resources, and the exact resources
* it shares between each instance differ subtly, we track the lifetime of any underlying resource with its own
* reference count, which each instance takes a Ref to. Each instance then tracks references to itself, and once these
* all expire it releases its Refs to these underlying resources.
*
* There is some shared cleanup behaviour needed only once all sstablereaders in a certain stage of their lifecycle
* (i.e. EARLY or NORMAL opening), and some that must only occur once all readers of any kind over a single logical
* sstable have expired. These are managed by the TypeTidy and GlobalTidy classes at the bottom, and are effectively
* managed as another resource each instance tracks its own Ref instance to, to ensure all of these resources are
* cleaned up safely and can be debugged otherwise.
*
* TODO: fill in details about Tracker and lifecycle interactions for tools, and for compaction strategies
*/
public abstract class SSTableReader extends SSTable implements SelfRefCounted
{
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SSTableReader.class);
private static final ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor syncExecutor = initSyncExecutor();
private static ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor initSyncExecutor()
{
if (DatabaseDescriptor.isClientOrToolInitialized())
return null;
// Do NOT start this thread pool in client mode
ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor syncExecutor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(1, new NamedThreadFactory("read-hotness-tracker"));
// Immediately remove readMeter sync task when cancelled.
syncExecutor.setRemoveOnCancelPolicy(true);
return syncExecutor;
}
private static final RateLimiter meterSyncThrottle = RateLimiter.create(100.0);
// Descending order
public static final Comparator maxTimestampComparator = (o1, o2) -> Long.compare(o2.getMaxTimestamp(), o1.getMaxTimestamp());
// it's just an object, which we use regular Object equality on; we introduce a special class just for easy recognition
public static final class UniqueIdentifier {}
public static final Comparator sstableComparator = (o1, o2) -> o1.first.compareTo(o2.first);
public static final Comparator generationReverseComparator = (o1, o2) -> -Integer.compare(o1.descriptor.generation, o2.descriptor.generation);
public static final Ordering sstableOrdering = Ordering.from(sstableComparator);
public static final Comparator sizeComparator = new Comparator()
{
public int compare(SSTableReader o1, SSTableReader o2)
{
return Longs.compare(o1.onDiskLength(), o2.onDiskLength());
}
};
/**
* maxDataAge is a timestamp in local server time (e.g. System.currentTimeMilli) which represents an upper bound
* to the newest piece of data stored in the sstable. In other words, this sstable does not contain items created
* later than maxDataAge.
*
* The field is not serialized to disk, so relying on it for more than what truncate does is not advised.
*
* When a new sstable is flushed, maxDataAge is set to the time of creation.
* When a sstable is created from compaction, maxDataAge is set to max of all merged sstables.
*
* The age is in milliseconds since epoc and is local to this host.
*/
public final long maxDataAge;
public enum OpenReason
{
NORMAL,
EARLY,
METADATA_CHANGE,
MOVED_START
}
public final OpenReason openReason;
public final UniqueIdentifier instanceId = new UniqueIdentifier();
// indexfile and datafile: might be null before a call to load()
protected FileHandle ifile;
protected FileHandle dfile;
protected IndexSummary indexSummary;
protected IFilter bf;
protected final RowIndexEntry.IndexSerializer rowIndexEntrySerializer;
protected InstrumentingCache keyCache;
protected final BloomFilterTracker bloomFilterTracker = new BloomFilterTracker();
// technically isCompacted is not necessary since it should never be unreferenced unless it is also compacted,
// but it seems like a good extra layer of protection against reference counting bugs to not delete data based on that alone
protected final AtomicBoolean isSuspect = new AtomicBoolean(false);
// not final since we need to be able to change level on a file.
protected volatile StatsMetadata sstableMetadata;
public final SerializationHeader header;
protected final AtomicLong keyCacheHit = new AtomicLong(0);
protected final AtomicLong keyCacheRequest = new AtomicLong(0);
private final InstanceTidier tidy = new InstanceTidier(descriptor, metadata);
private final Ref selfRef = new Ref<>(this, tidy);
private RestorableMeter readMeter;
private volatile double crcCheckChance;
/**
* Calculate approximate key count.
* If cardinality estimator is available on all given sstables, then this method use them to estimate
* key count.
* If not, then this uses index summaries.
*
* @param sstables SSTables to calculate key count
* @return estimated key count
*/
public static long getApproximateKeyCount(Iterable sstables)
{
long count = -1;
// check if cardinality estimator is available for all SSTables
boolean cardinalityAvailable = !Iterables.isEmpty(sstables) && Iterables.all(sstables, new Predicate()
{
public boolean apply(SSTableReader sstable)
{
return sstable.descriptor.version.hasNewStatsFile();
}
});
// if it is, load them to estimate key count
if (cardinalityAvailable)
{
boolean failed = false;
ICardinality cardinality = null;
for (SSTableReader sstable : sstables)
{
if (sstable.openReason == OpenReason.EARLY)
continue;
try
{
CompactionMetadata metadata = (CompactionMetadata) sstable.descriptor.getMetadataSerializer().deserialize(sstable.descriptor, MetadataType.COMPACTION);
// If we can't load the CompactionMetadata, we are forced to estimate the keys using the index
// summary. (CASSANDRA-10676)
if (metadata == null)
{
logger.warn("Reading cardinality from Statistics.db failed for {}", sstable.getFilename());
failed = true;
break;
}
if (cardinality == null)
cardinality = metadata.cardinalityEstimator;
else
cardinality = cardinality.merge(metadata.cardinalityEstimator);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
logger.warn("Reading cardinality from Statistics.db failed.", e);
failed = true;
break;
}
catch (CardinalityMergeException e)
{
logger.warn("Cardinality merge failed.", e);
failed = true;
break;
}
}
if (cardinality != null && !failed)
count = cardinality.cardinality();
}
// if something went wrong above or cardinality is not available, calculate using index summary
if (count < 0)
{
for (SSTableReader sstable : sstables)
count += sstable.estimatedKeys();
}
return count;
}
/**
* Estimates how much of the keys we would keep if the sstables were compacted together
*/
public static double estimateCompactionGain(Set overlapping)
{
Set cardinalities = new HashSet<>(overlapping.size());
for (SSTableReader sstable : overlapping)
{
try
{
ICardinality cardinality = ((CompactionMetadata) sstable.descriptor.getMetadataSerializer().deserialize(sstable.descriptor, MetadataType.COMPACTION)).cardinalityEstimator;
if (cardinality != null)
cardinalities.add(cardinality);
else
logger.trace("Got a null cardinality estimator in: {}", sstable.getFilename());
}
catch (IOException e)
{
logger.warn("Could not read up compaction metadata for {}", sstable, e);
}
}
long totalKeyCountBefore = 0;
for (ICardinality cardinality : cardinalities)
{
totalKeyCountBefore += cardinality.cardinality();
}
if (totalKeyCountBefore == 0)
return 1;
long totalKeyCountAfter = mergeCardinalities(cardinalities).cardinality();
logger.trace("Estimated compaction gain: {}/{}={}", totalKeyCountAfter, totalKeyCountBefore, ((double)totalKeyCountAfter)/totalKeyCountBefore);
return ((double)totalKeyCountAfter)/totalKeyCountBefore;
}
private static ICardinality mergeCardinalities(Collection cardinalities)
{
ICardinality base = new HyperLogLogPlus(13, 25); // see MetadataCollector.cardinality
try
{
base = base.merge(cardinalities.toArray(new ICardinality[cardinalities.size()]));
}
catch (CardinalityMergeException e)
{
logger.warn("Could not merge cardinalities", e);
}
return base;
}
public static SSTableReader open(Descriptor descriptor) throws IOException
{
CFMetaData metadata;
if (descriptor.cfname.contains(SECONDARY_INDEX_NAME_SEPARATOR))
{
int i = descriptor.cfname.indexOf(SECONDARY_INDEX_NAME_SEPARATOR);
String parentName = descriptor.cfname.substring(0, i);
String indexName = descriptor.cfname.substring(i + 1);
CFMetaData parent = Schema.instance.getCFMetaData(descriptor.ksname, parentName);
IndexMetadata def = parent.getIndexes()
.get(indexName)
.orElseThrow(() -> new AssertionError(
"Could not find index metadata for index cf " + i));
metadata = CassandraIndex.indexCfsMetadata(parent, def);
}
else
{
metadata = Schema.instance.getCFMetaData(descriptor.ksname, descriptor.cfname);
}
return open(descriptor, metadata);
}
public static SSTableReader open(Descriptor desc, CFMetaData metadata) throws IOException
{
return open(desc, componentsFor(desc), metadata);
}
public static SSTableReader open(Descriptor descriptor, Set components, CFMetaData metadata) throws IOException
{
return open(descriptor, components, metadata, true, false);
}
// use only for offline or "Standalone" operations
public static SSTableReader openNoValidation(Descriptor descriptor, Set components, ColumnFamilyStore cfs) throws IOException
{
return open(descriptor, components, cfs.metadata, false, true);
}
// use only for offline or "Standalone" operations
public static SSTableReader openNoValidation(Descriptor descriptor, CFMetaData metadata) throws IOException
{
return open(descriptor, componentsFor(descriptor), metadata, false, true);
}
/**
* Open SSTable reader to be used in batch mode(such as sstableloader).
*
* @param descriptor
* @param components
* @param metadata
* @return opened SSTableReader
* @throws IOException
*/
public static SSTableReader openForBatch(Descriptor descriptor, Set components, CFMetaData metadata) throws IOException
{
// Minimum components without which we can't do anything
assert components.contains(Component.DATA) : "Data component is missing for sstable " + descriptor;
assert components.contains(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX) : "Primary index component is missing for sstable " + descriptor;
EnumSet types = EnumSet.of(MetadataType.VALIDATION, MetadataType.STATS, MetadataType.HEADER);
Map sstableMetadata = descriptor.getMetadataSerializer().deserialize(descriptor, types);
ValidationMetadata validationMetadata = (ValidationMetadata) sstableMetadata.get(MetadataType.VALIDATION);
StatsMetadata statsMetadata = (StatsMetadata) sstableMetadata.get(MetadataType.STATS);
SerializationHeader.Component header = (SerializationHeader.Component) sstableMetadata.get(MetadataType.HEADER);
// Check if sstable is created using same partitioner.
// Partitioner can be null, which indicates older version of sstable or no stats available.
// In that case, we skip the check.
String partitionerName = metadata.partitioner.getClass().getCanonicalName();
if (validationMetadata != null && !partitionerName.equals(validationMetadata.partitioner))
{
logger.error("Cannot open {}; partitioner {} does not match system partitioner {}. Note that the default partitioner starting with Cassandra 1.2 is Murmur3Partitioner, so you will need to edit that to match your old partitioner if upgrading.",
descriptor, validationMetadata.partitioner, partitionerName);
System.exit(1);
}
long fileLength = new File(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.DATA)).length();
logger.debug("Opening {} ({})", descriptor, FBUtilities.prettyPrintMemory(fileLength));
SSTableReader sstable = internalOpen(descriptor,
components,
metadata,
System.currentTimeMillis(),
statsMetadata,
OpenReason.NORMAL,
header == null? null : header.toHeader(metadata));
try(FileHandle.Builder ibuilder = new FileHandle.Builder(sstable.descriptor.filenameFor(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX))
.mmapped(DatabaseDescriptor.getIndexAccessMode() == Config.DiskAccessMode.mmap)
.withChunkCache(ChunkCache.instance);
FileHandle.Builder dbuilder = new FileHandle.Builder(sstable.descriptor.filenameFor(Component.DATA)).compressed(sstable.compression)
.mmapped(DatabaseDescriptor.getDiskAccessMode() == Config.DiskAccessMode.mmap)
.withChunkCache(ChunkCache.instance))
{
if (!sstable.loadSummary())
sstable.buildSummary(false, false, Downsampling.BASE_SAMPLING_LEVEL);
long indexFileLength = new File(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX)).length();
int dataBufferSize = sstable.optimizationStrategy.bufferSize(statsMetadata.estimatedPartitionSize.percentile(DatabaseDescriptor.getDiskOptimizationEstimatePercentile()));
int indexBufferSize = sstable.optimizationStrategy.bufferSize(indexFileLength / sstable.indexSummary.size());
sstable.ifile = ibuilder.bufferSize(indexBufferSize).complete();
sstable.dfile = dbuilder.bufferSize(dataBufferSize).complete();
sstable.bf = FilterFactory.AlwaysPresent;
sstable.setup(false);
return sstable;
}
}
/**
* Open an SSTable for reading
* @param descriptor SSTable to open
* @param components Components included with this SSTable
* @param metadata for this SSTables CF
* @param validate Check SSTable for corruption (limited)
* @param isOffline Whether we are opening this SSTable "offline", for example from an external tool or not for inclusion in queries (validations)
* This stops regenerating BF + Summaries and also disables tracking of hotness for the SSTable.
* @return {@link SSTableReader}
* @throws IOException
*/
public static SSTableReader open(Descriptor descriptor,
Set components,
CFMetaData metadata,
boolean validate,
boolean isOffline) throws IOException
{
// Minimum components without which we can't do anything
assert components.contains(Component.DATA) : "Data component is missing for sstable " + descriptor;
assert !validate || components.contains(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX) : "Primary index component is missing for sstable " + descriptor;
// For the 3.0+ sstable format, the (misnomed) stats component hold the serialization header which we need to deserialize the sstable content
assert !descriptor.version.storeRows() || components.contains(Component.STATS) : "Stats component is missing for sstable " + descriptor;
EnumSet types = EnumSet.of(MetadataType.VALIDATION, MetadataType.STATS, MetadataType.HEADER);
Map sstableMetadata;
try
{
sstableMetadata = descriptor.getMetadataSerializer().deserialize(descriptor, types);
}
catch (Throwable t)
{
throw new CorruptSSTableException(t, descriptor.filenameFor(Component.STATS));
}
ValidationMetadata validationMetadata = (ValidationMetadata) sstableMetadata.get(MetadataType.VALIDATION);
StatsMetadata statsMetadata = (StatsMetadata) sstableMetadata.get(MetadataType.STATS);
SerializationHeader.Component header = (SerializationHeader.Component) sstableMetadata.get(MetadataType.HEADER);
assert !descriptor.version.storeRows() || header != null;
// Check if sstable is created using same partitioner.
// Partitioner can be null, which indicates older version of sstable or no stats available.
// In that case, we skip the check.
String partitionerName = metadata.partitioner.getClass().getCanonicalName();
if (validationMetadata != null && !partitionerName.equals(validationMetadata.partitioner))
{
logger.error("Cannot open {}; partitioner {} does not match system partitioner {}. Note that the default partitioner starting with Cassandra 1.2 is Murmur3Partitioner, so you will need to edit that to match your old partitioner if upgrading.",
descriptor, validationMetadata.partitioner, partitionerName);
System.exit(1);
}
long fileLength = new File(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.DATA)).length();
logger.debug("Opening {} ({})", descriptor, FBUtilities.prettyPrintMemory(fileLength));
SSTableReader sstable = internalOpen(descriptor,
components,
metadata,
System.currentTimeMillis(),
statsMetadata,
OpenReason.NORMAL,
header == null ? null : header.toHeader(metadata));
try
{
// load index and filter
long start = System.nanoTime();
sstable.load(validationMetadata, isOffline);
logger.trace("INDEX LOAD TIME for {}: {} ms.", descriptor, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - start));
sstable.setup(!isOffline); // Don't track hotness if we're offline.
if (validate)
sstable.validate();
if (sstable.getKeyCache() != null)
logger.trace("key cache contains {}/{} keys", sstable.getKeyCache().size(), sstable.getKeyCache().getCapacity());
return sstable;
}
catch (Throwable t)
{
sstable.selfRef().release();
throw new CorruptSSTableException(t, sstable.getFilename());
}
}
public static void logOpenException(Descriptor descriptor, IOException e)
{
if (e instanceof FileNotFoundException)
logger.error("Missing sstable component in {}; skipped because of {}", descriptor, e.getMessage());
else
logger.error("Corrupt sstable {}; skipped", descriptor, e);
}
public static Collection openAll(Set>> entries,
final CFMetaData metadata)
{
final Collection sstables = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
ExecutorService executor = DebuggableThreadPoolExecutor.createWithFixedPoolSize("SSTableBatchOpen", FBUtilities.getAvailableProcessors());
for (final Map.Entry> entry : entries)
{
Runnable runnable = new Runnable()
{
public void run()
{
SSTableReader sstable;
try
{
sstable = open(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue(), metadata);
}
catch (CorruptSSTableException ex)
{
FileUtils.handleCorruptSSTable(ex);
logger.error("Corrupt sstable {}; skipping table", entry, ex);
return;
}
catch (FSError ex)
{
FileUtils.handleFSError(ex);
logger.error("Cannot read sstable {}; file system error, skipping table", entry, ex);
return;
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
FileUtils.handleCorruptSSTable(new CorruptSSTableException(ex, entry.getKey().filenameFor(Component.DATA)));
logger.error("Cannot read sstable {}; other IO error, skipping table", entry, ex);
return;
}
sstables.add(sstable);
}
};
executor.submit(runnable);
}
executor.shutdown();
try
{
executor.awaitTermination(7, TimeUnit.DAYS);
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
throw new AssertionError(e);
}
return sstables;
}
/**
* Open a RowIndexedReader which already has its state initialized (by SSTableWriter).
*/
public static SSTableReader internalOpen(Descriptor desc,
Set components,
CFMetaData metadata,
FileHandle ifile,
FileHandle dfile,
IndexSummary isummary,
IFilter bf,
long maxDataAge,
StatsMetadata sstableMetadata,
OpenReason openReason,
SerializationHeader header)
{
assert desc != null && ifile != null && dfile != null && isummary != null && bf != null && sstableMetadata != null;
SSTableReader reader = internalOpen(desc, components, metadata, maxDataAge, sstableMetadata, openReason, header);
reader.bf = bf;
reader.ifile = ifile;
reader.dfile = dfile;
reader.indexSummary = isummary;
reader.setup(true);
return reader;
}
private static SSTableReader internalOpen(final Descriptor descriptor,
Set components,
CFMetaData metadata,
Long maxDataAge,
StatsMetadata sstableMetadata,
OpenReason openReason,
SerializationHeader header)
{
Factory readerFactory = descriptor.getFormat().getReaderFactory();
return readerFactory.open(descriptor, components, metadata, maxDataAge, sstableMetadata, openReason, header);
}
protected SSTableReader(final Descriptor desc,
Set components,
CFMetaData metadata,
long maxDataAge,
StatsMetadata sstableMetadata,
OpenReason openReason,
SerializationHeader header)
{
super(desc, components, metadata, DatabaseDescriptor.getDiskOptimizationStrategy());
this.sstableMetadata = sstableMetadata;
this.header = header;
this.maxDataAge = maxDataAge;
this.openReason = openReason;
this.rowIndexEntrySerializer = descriptor.version.getSSTableFormat().getIndexSerializer(metadata, desc.version, header);
}
public static long getTotalBytes(Iterable sstables)
{
long sum = 0;
for (SSTableReader sstable : sstables)
sum += sstable.onDiskLength();
return sum;
}
public static long getTotalUncompressedBytes(Iterable sstables)
{
long sum = 0;
for (SSTableReader sstable : sstables)
sum += sstable.uncompressedLength();
return sum;
}
public boolean equals(Object that)
{
return that instanceof SSTableReader && ((SSTableReader) that).descriptor.equals(this.descriptor);
}
public int hashCode()
{
return this.descriptor.hashCode();
}
public String getFilename()
{
return dfile.path();
}
public void setupOnline()
{
// under normal operation we can do this at any time, but SSTR is also used outside C* proper,
// e.g. by BulkLoader, which does not initialize the cache. As a kludge, we set up the cache
// here when we know we're being wired into the rest of the server infrastructure.
keyCache = CacheService.instance.keyCache;
final ColumnFamilyStore cfs = Schema.instance.getColumnFamilyStoreInstance(metadata.cfId);
if (cfs != null)
setCrcCheckChance(cfs.getCrcCheckChance());
}
public boolean isKeyCacheSetup()
{
return keyCache != null;
}
/**
* See {@link #load(boolean, boolean)}
* @param validation Metadata for SSTable being loaded
* @param isOffline Whether the SSTable is being loaded by an offline tool (sstabledump, scrub, etc)
* @throws IOException
*/
private void load(ValidationMetadata validation, boolean isOffline) throws IOException
{
if (metadata.params.bloomFilterFpChance == 1.0)
{
// bf is disabled.
load(false, !isOffline);
bf = FilterFactory.AlwaysPresent;
}
else if (!components.contains(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX)) // What happens if filter component and primary index is missing?
{
// avoid any reading of the missing primary index component.
// this should only happen during StandaloneScrubber
load(false, !isOffline);
}
else if (!components.contains(Component.FILTER) || validation == null)
{
// bf is enabled, but filter component is missing.
load(!isOffline, !isOffline);
if (isOffline)
bf = FilterFactory.AlwaysPresent;
}
else
{
// bf is enabled and fp chance matches the currently configured value.
load(false, !isOffline);
loadBloomFilter(descriptor.version.hasOldBfHashOrder());
}
}
/**
* Load bloom filter from Filter.db file.
*
* @throws IOException
*/
private void loadBloomFilter(boolean oldBfHashOrder) throws IOException
{
try (DataInputStream stream = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.FILTER)))))
{
bf = FilterFactory.deserialize(stream, true, oldBfHashOrder);
}
}
/**
* Loads ifile, dfile and indexSummary, and optionally recreates and persists the bloom filter.
* @param recreateBloomFilter Recreate the bloomfilter.
* @param saveSummaryIfCreated for bulk loading purposes, if the summary was absent and needed to be built, you can
* avoid persisting it to disk by setting this to false
*/
private void load(boolean recreateBloomFilter, boolean saveSummaryIfCreated) throws IOException
{
try(FileHandle.Builder ibuilder = new FileHandle.Builder(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX))
.mmapped(DatabaseDescriptor.getIndexAccessMode() == Config.DiskAccessMode.mmap)
.withChunkCache(ChunkCache.instance);
FileHandle.Builder dbuilder = new FileHandle.Builder(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.DATA)).compressed(compression)
.mmapped(DatabaseDescriptor.getDiskAccessMode() == Config.DiskAccessMode.mmap)
.withChunkCache(ChunkCache.instance))
{
boolean summaryLoaded = loadSummary();
boolean buildSummary = !summaryLoaded || recreateBloomFilter;
if (buildSummary)
buildSummary(recreateBloomFilter, summaryLoaded, Downsampling.BASE_SAMPLING_LEVEL);
int dataBufferSize = optimizationStrategy.bufferSize(sstableMetadata.estimatedPartitionSize.percentile(DatabaseDescriptor.getDiskOptimizationEstimatePercentile()));
if (components.contains(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX))
{
long indexFileLength = new File(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX)).length();
int indexBufferSize = optimizationStrategy.bufferSize(indexFileLength / indexSummary.size());
ifile = ibuilder.bufferSize(indexBufferSize).complete();
}
dfile = dbuilder.bufferSize(dataBufferSize).complete();
if (buildSummary)
{
if (saveSummaryIfCreated)
saveSummary();
if (recreateBloomFilter)
saveBloomFilter();
}
}
catch (Throwable t)
{ // Because the tidier has not been set-up yet in SSTableReader.open(), we must release the files in case of error
if (ifile != null)
{
ifile.close();
ifile = null;
}
if (dfile != null)
{
dfile.close();
dfile = null;
}
if (indexSummary != null)
{
indexSummary.close();
indexSummary = null;
}
throw t;
}
}
/**
* Build index summary(and optionally bloom filter) by reading through Index.db file.
*
* @param recreateBloomFilter true if recreate bloom filter
* @param summaryLoaded true if index summary is already loaded and not need to build again
* @throws IOException
*/
private void buildSummary(boolean recreateBloomFilter, boolean summaryLoaded, int samplingLevel) throws IOException
{
if (!components.contains(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX))
return;
// we read the positions in a BRAF so we don't have to worry about an entry spanning a mmap boundary.
try (RandomAccessReader primaryIndex = RandomAccessReader.open(new File(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX))))
{
long indexSize = primaryIndex.length();
long histogramCount = sstableMetadata.estimatedPartitionSize.count();
long estimatedKeys = histogramCount > 0 && !sstableMetadata.estimatedPartitionSize.isOverflowed()
? histogramCount
: estimateRowsFromIndex(primaryIndex); // statistics is supposed to be optional
if (recreateBloomFilter)
bf = FilterFactory.getFilter(estimatedKeys, metadata.params.bloomFilterFpChance, true, descriptor.version.hasOldBfHashOrder());
try (IndexSummaryBuilder summaryBuilder = summaryLoaded ? null : new IndexSummaryBuilder(estimatedKeys, metadata.params.minIndexInterval, samplingLevel))
{
long indexPosition;
while ((indexPosition = primaryIndex.getFilePointer()) != indexSize)
{
ByteBuffer key = ByteBufferUtil.readWithShortLength(primaryIndex);
RowIndexEntry.Serializer.skip(primaryIndex, descriptor.version);
DecoratedKey decoratedKey = decorateKey(key);
if (first == null)
first = decoratedKey;
last = decoratedKey;
if (recreateBloomFilter)
bf.add(decoratedKey);
// if summary was already read from disk we don't want to re-populate it using primary index
if (!summaryLoaded)
{
summaryBuilder.maybeAddEntry(decoratedKey, indexPosition);
}
}
if (!summaryLoaded)
indexSummary = summaryBuilder.build(getPartitioner());
}
}
first = getMinimalKey(first);
last = getMinimalKey(last);
}
/**
* Load index summary from Summary.db file if it exists.
*
* if loaded index summary has different index interval from current value stored in schema,
* then Summary.db file will be deleted and this returns false to rebuild summary.
*
* @return true if index summary is loaded successfully from Summary.db file.
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public boolean loadSummary()
{
File summariesFile = new File(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.SUMMARY));
if (!summariesFile.exists())
return false;
DataInputStream iStream = null;
try
{
iStream = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(summariesFile));
indexSummary = IndexSummary.serializer.deserialize(
iStream, getPartitioner(), descriptor.version.hasSamplingLevel(),
metadata.params.minIndexInterval, metadata.params.maxIndexInterval);
first = decorateKey(ByteBufferUtil.readWithLength(iStream));
last = decorateKey(ByteBufferUtil.readWithLength(iStream));
}
catch (IOException e)
{
if (indexSummary != null)
indexSummary.close();
logger.trace("Cannot deserialize SSTable Summary File {}: {}", summariesFile.getPath(), e.getMessage());
// corrupted; delete it and fall back to creating a new summary
FileUtils.closeQuietly(iStream);
// delete it and fall back to creating a new summary
FileUtils.deleteWithConfirm(summariesFile);
return false;
}
finally
{
FileUtils.closeQuietly(iStream);
}
return true;
}
/**
* Save index summary to Summary.db file.
*/
public void saveSummary()
{
saveSummary(this.descriptor, this.first, this.last, indexSummary);
}
private void saveSummary(IndexSummary newSummary)
{
saveSummary(this.descriptor, this.first, this.last, newSummary);
}
/**
* Save index summary to Summary.db file.
*/
public static void saveSummary(Descriptor descriptor, DecoratedKey first, DecoratedKey last, IndexSummary summary)
{
File summariesFile = new File(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.SUMMARY));
if (summariesFile.exists())
FileUtils.deleteWithConfirm(summariesFile);
try (DataOutputStreamPlus oStream = new BufferedDataOutputStreamPlus(new FileOutputStream(summariesFile));)
{
IndexSummary.serializer.serialize(summary, oStream, descriptor.version.hasSamplingLevel());
ByteBufferUtil.writeWithLength(first.getKey(), oStream);
ByteBufferUtil.writeWithLength(last.getKey(), oStream);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
logger.trace("Cannot save SSTable Summary: ", e);
// corrupted hence delete it and let it load it now.
if (summariesFile.exists())
FileUtils.deleteWithConfirm(summariesFile);
}
}
public void saveBloomFilter()
{
saveBloomFilter(this.descriptor, bf);
}
public static void saveBloomFilter(Descriptor descriptor, IFilter filter)
{
File filterFile = new File(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.FILTER));
try (DataOutputStreamPlus stream = new BufferedDataOutputStreamPlus(new FileOutputStream(filterFile)))
{
FilterFactory.serialize(filter, stream);
stream.flush();
}
catch (IOException e)
{
logger.trace("Cannot save SSTable bloomfilter: ", e);
// corrupted hence delete it and let it load it now.
if (filterFile.exists())
FileUtils.deleteWithConfirm(filterFile);
}
}
public void setReplaced()
{
synchronized (tidy.global)
{
assert !tidy.isReplaced;
tidy.isReplaced = true;
}
}
public boolean isReplaced()
{
synchronized (tidy.global)
{
return tidy.isReplaced;
}
}
// These runnables must NOT be an anonymous or non-static inner class, nor must it retain a reference chain to this reader
public void runOnClose(final Runnable runOnClose)
{
synchronized (tidy.global)
{
final Runnable existing = tidy.runOnClose;
tidy.runOnClose = AndThen.get(existing, runOnClose);
}
}
private static class AndThen implements Runnable
{
final Runnable runFirst;
final Runnable runSecond;
private AndThen(Runnable runFirst, Runnable runSecond)
{
this.runFirst = runFirst;
this.runSecond = runSecond;
}
public void run()
{
runFirst.run();
runSecond.run();
}
static Runnable get(Runnable runFirst, Runnable runSecond)
{
if (runFirst == null)
return runSecond;
return new AndThen(runFirst, runSecond);
}
}
/**
* Clone this reader with the provided start and open reason, and set the clone as replacement.
*
* @param newFirst the first key for the replacement (which can be different from the original due to the pre-emptive
* opening of compaction results).
* @param reason the {@code OpenReason} for the replacement.
*
* @return the cloned reader. That reader is set as a replacement by the method.
*/
private SSTableReader cloneAndReplace(DecoratedKey newFirst, OpenReason reason)
{
return cloneAndReplace(newFirst, reason, indexSummary.sharedCopy());
}
/**
* Clone this reader with the new values and set the clone as replacement.
*
* @param newFirst the first key for the replacement (which can be different from the original due to the pre-emptive
* opening of compaction results).
* @param reason the {@code OpenReason} for the replacement.
* @param newSummary the index summary for the replacement.
*
* @return the cloned reader. That reader is set as a replacement by the method.
*/
private SSTableReader cloneAndReplace(DecoratedKey newFirst, OpenReason reason, IndexSummary newSummary)
{
SSTableReader replacement = internalOpen(descriptor,
components,
metadata,
ifile != null ? ifile.sharedCopy() : null,
dfile.sharedCopy(),
newSummary,
bf.sharedCopy(),
maxDataAge,
sstableMetadata,
reason,
header);
replacement.first = newFirst;
replacement.last = last;
replacement.isSuspect.set(isSuspect.get());
return replacement;
}
public SSTableReader cloneWithRestoredStart(DecoratedKey restoredStart)
{
synchronized (tidy.global)
{
return cloneAndReplace(restoredStart, OpenReason.NORMAL);
}
}
// runOnClose must NOT be an anonymous or non-static inner class, nor must it retain a reference chain to this reader
public SSTableReader cloneWithNewStart(DecoratedKey newStart, final Runnable runOnClose)
{
synchronized (tidy.global)
{
assert openReason != OpenReason.EARLY;
// TODO: merge with caller's firstKeyBeyond() work,to save time
if (newStart.compareTo(first) > 0)
{
final long dataStart = getPosition(newStart, Operator.EQ).position;
final long indexStart = getIndexScanPosition(newStart);
this.tidy.runOnClose = new DropPageCache(dfile, dataStart, ifile, indexStart, runOnClose);
}
return cloneAndReplace(newStart, OpenReason.MOVED_START);
}
}
private static class DropPageCache implements Runnable
{
final FileHandle dfile;
final long dfilePosition;
final FileHandle ifile;
final long ifilePosition;
final Runnable andThen;
private DropPageCache(FileHandle dfile, long dfilePosition, FileHandle ifile, long ifilePosition, Runnable andThen)
{
this.dfile = dfile;
this.dfilePosition = dfilePosition;
this.ifile = ifile;
this.ifilePosition = ifilePosition;
this.andThen = andThen;
}
public void run()
{
dfile.dropPageCache(dfilePosition);
if (ifile != null)
ifile.dropPageCache(ifilePosition);
if (andThen != null)
andThen.run();
}
}
/**
* Returns a new SSTableReader with the same properties as this SSTableReader except that a new IndexSummary will
* be built at the target samplingLevel. This (original) SSTableReader instance will be marked as replaced, have
* its DeletingTask removed, and have its periodic read-meter sync task cancelled.
* @param samplingLevel the desired sampling level for the index summary on the new SSTableReader
* @return a new SSTableReader
* @throws IOException
*/
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public SSTableReader cloneWithNewSummarySamplingLevel(ColumnFamilyStore parent, int samplingLevel) throws IOException
{
assert descriptor.version.hasSamplingLevel();
synchronized (tidy.global)
{
assert openReason != OpenReason.EARLY;
int minIndexInterval = metadata.params.minIndexInterval;
int maxIndexInterval = metadata.params.maxIndexInterval;
double effectiveInterval = indexSummary.getEffectiveIndexInterval();
IndexSummary newSummary;
long oldSize = bytesOnDisk();
// We have to rebuild the summary from the on-disk primary index in three cases:
// 1. The sampling level went up, so we need to read more entries off disk
// 2. The min_index_interval changed (in either direction); this changes what entries would be in the summary
// at full sampling (and consequently at any other sampling level)
// 3. The max_index_interval was lowered, forcing us to raise the sampling level
if (samplingLevel > indexSummary.getSamplingLevel() || indexSummary.getMinIndexInterval() != minIndexInterval || effectiveInterval > maxIndexInterval)
{
newSummary = buildSummaryAtLevel(samplingLevel);
}
else if (samplingLevel < indexSummary.getSamplingLevel())
{
// we can use the existing index summary to make a smaller one
newSummary = IndexSummaryBuilder.downsample(indexSummary, samplingLevel, minIndexInterval, getPartitioner());
}
else
{
throw new AssertionError("Attempted to clone SSTableReader with the same index summary sampling level and " +
"no adjustments to min/max_index_interval");
}
// Always save the resampled index
saveSummary(newSummary);
// The new size will be added in Transactional.commit() as an updated SSTable, more details: CASSANDRA-13738
StorageMetrics.load.dec(oldSize);
parent.metric.liveDiskSpaceUsed.dec(oldSize);
parent.metric.totalDiskSpaceUsed.dec(oldSize);
return cloneAndReplace(first, OpenReason.METADATA_CHANGE, newSummary);
}
}
private IndexSummary buildSummaryAtLevel(int newSamplingLevel) throws IOException
{
// we read the positions in a BRAF so we don't have to worry about an entry spanning a mmap boundary.
RandomAccessReader primaryIndex = RandomAccessReader.open(new File(descriptor.filenameFor(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX)));
try
{
long indexSize = primaryIndex.length();
try (IndexSummaryBuilder summaryBuilder = new IndexSummaryBuilder(estimatedKeys(), metadata.params.minIndexInterval, newSamplingLevel))
{
long indexPosition;
while ((indexPosition = primaryIndex.getFilePointer()) != indexSize)
{
summaryBuilder.maybeAddEntry(decorateKey(ByteBufferUtil.readWithShortLength(primaryIndex)), indexPosition);
RowIndexEntry.Serializer.skip(primaryIndex, descriptor.version);
}
return summaryBuilder.build(getPartitioner());
}
}
finally
{
FileUtils.closeQuietly(primaryIndex);
}
}
public RestorableMeter getReadMeter()
{
return readMeter;
}
public int getIndexSummarySamplingLevel()
{
return indexSummary.getSamplingLevel();
}
public long getIndexSummaryOffHeapSize()
{
return indexSummary.getOffHeapSize();
}
public int getMinIndexInterval()
{
return indexSummary.getMinIndexInterval();
}
public double getEffectiveIndexInterval()
{
return indexSummary.getEffectiveIndexInterval();
}
public void releaseSummary()
{
tidy.releaseSummary();
indexSummary = null;
}
private void validate()
{
if (this.first.compareTo(this.last) > 0)
{
throw new CorruptSSTableException(new IllegalStateException(String.format("SSTable first key %s > last key %s", this.first, this.last)), getFilename());
}
}
/**
* Gets the position in the index file to start scanning to find the given key (at most indexInterval keys away,
* modulo downsampling of the index summary). Always returns a {@code value >= 0}
*/
public long getIndexScanPosition(PartitionPosition key)
{
if (openReason == OpenReason.MOVED_START && key.compareTo(first) < 0)
key = first;
return getIndexScanPositionFromBinarySearchResult(indexSummary.binarySearch(key), indexSummary);
}
@VisibleForTesting
public static long getIndexScanPositionFromBinarySearchResult(int binarySearchResult, IndexSummary referencedIndexSummary)
{
if (binarySearchResult == -1)
return 0;
else
return referencedIndexSummary.getPosition(getIndexSummaryIndexFromBinarySearchResult(binarySearchResult));
}
public static int getIndexSummaryIndexFromBinarySearchResult(int binarySearchResult)
{
if (binarySearchResult < 0)
{
// binary search gives us the first index _greater_ than the key searched for,
// i.e., its insertion position
int greaterThan = (binarySearchResult + 1) * -1;
if (greaterThan == 0)
return -1;
return greaterThan - 1;
}
else
{
return binarySearchResult;
}
}
/**
* Returns the compression metadata for this sstable.
* @throws IllegalStateException if the sstable is not compressed
*/
public CompressionMetadata getCompressionMetadata()
{
if (!compression)
throw new IllegalStateException(this + " is not compressed");
return dfile.compressionMetadata().get();
}
/**
* Returns the amount of memory in bytes used off heap by the compression meta-data.
* @return the amount of memory in bytes used off heap by the compression meta-data
*/
public long getCompressionMetadataOffHeapSize()
{
if (!compression)
return 0;
return getCompressionMetadata().offHeapSize();
}
/**
* For testing purposes only.
*/
public void forceFilterFailures()
{
bf = FilterFactory.AlwaysPresent;
}
public IFilter getBloomFilter()
{
return bf;
}
public long getBloomFilterSerializedSize()
{
return bf.serializedSize();
}
/**
* Returns the amount of memory in bytes used off heap by the bloom filter.
* @return the amount of memory in bytes used off heap by the bloom filter
*/
public long getBloomFilterOffHeapSize()
{
return bf.offHeapSize();
}
/**
* @return An estimate of the number of keys in this SSTable based on the index summary.
*/
public long estimatedKeys()
{
return indexSummary.getEstimatedKeyCount();
}
/**
* @param ranges
* @return An estimate of the number of keys for given ranges in this SSTable.
*/
public long estimatedKeysForRanges(Collection> ranges)
{
long sampleKeyCount = 0;
List> sampleIndexes = getSampleIndexesForRanges(indexSummary, ranges);
for (Pair sampleIndexRange : sampleIndexes)
sampleKeyCount += (sampleIndexRange.right - sampleIndexRange.left + 1);
// adjust for the current sampling level: (BSL / SL) * index_interval_at_full_sampling
long estimatedKeys = sampleKeyCount * ((long) Downsampling.BASE_SAMPLING_LEVEL * indexSummary.getMinIndexInterval()) / indexSummary.getSamplingLevel();
return Math.max(1, estimatedKeys);
}
/**
* Returns the number of entries in the IndexSummary. At full sampling, this is approximately 1/INDEX_INTERVALth of
* the keys in this SSTable.
*/
public int getIndexSummarySize()
{
return indexSummary.size();
}
/**
* Returns the approximate number of entries the IndexSummary would contain if it were at full sampling.
*/
public int getMaxIndexSummarySize()
{
return indexSummary.getMaxNumberOfEntries();
}
/**
* Returns the key for the index summary entry at `index`.
*/
public byte[] getIndexSummaryKey(int index)
{
return indexSummary.getKey(index);
}
private static List> getSampleIndexesForRanges(IndexSummary summary, Collection> ranges)
{
// use the index to determine a minimal section for each range
List> positions = new ArrayList<>();
for (Range range : Range.normalize(ranges))
{
PartitionPosition leftPosition = range.left.maxKeyBound();
PartitionPosition rightPosition = range.right.maxKeyBound();
int left = summary.binarySearch(leftPosition);
if (left < 0)
left = (left + 1) * -1;
else
// left range are start exclusive
left = left + 1;
if (left == summary.size())
// left is past the end of the sampling
continue;
int right = Range.isWrapAround(range.left, range.right)
? summary.size() - 1
: summary.binarySearch(rightPosition);
if (right < 0)
{
// range are end inclusive so we use the previous index from what binarySearch give us
// since that will be the last index we will return
right = (right + 1) * -1;
if (right == 0)
// Means the first key is already stricly greater that the right bound
continue;
right--;
}
if (left > right)
// empty range
continue;
positions.add(Pair.create(left, right));
}
return positions;
}
public Iterable getKeySamples(final Range range)
{
final List> indexRanges = getSampleIndexesForRanges(indexSummary, Collections.singletonList(range));
if (indexRanges.isEmpty())
return Collections.emptyList();
return new Iterable()
{
public Iterator iterator()
{
return new Iterator()
{
private Iterator> rangeIter = indexRanges.iterator();
private Pair current;
private int idx;
public boolean hasNext()
{
if (current == null || idx > current.right)
{
if (rangeIter.hasNext())
{
current = rangeIter.next();
idx = current.left;
return true;
}
return false;
}
return true;
}
public DecoratedKey next()
{
byte[] bytes = indexSummary.getKey(idx++);
return decorateKey(ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes));
}
public void remove()
{
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
};
}
};
}
/**
* Determine the minimal set of sections that can be extracted from this SSTable to cover the given ranges.
* @return A sorted list of (offset,end) pairs that cover the given ranges in the datafile for this SSTable.
*/
public List> getPositionsForRanges(Collection> ranges)
{
// use the index to determine a minimal section for each range
List> positions = new ArrayList<>();
for (Range range : Range.normalize(ranges))
{
assert !range.isWrapAround() || range.right.isMinimum();
// truncate the range so it at most covers the sstable
AbstractBounds bounds = Range.makeRowRange(range);
PartitionPosition leftBound = bounds.left.compareTo(first) > 0 ? bounds.left : first.getToken().minKeyBound();
PartitionPosition rightBound = bounds.right.isMinimum() ? last.getToken().maxKeyBound() : bounds.right;
if (leftBound.compareTo(last) > 0 || rightBound.compareTo(first) < 0)
continue;
long left = getPosition(leftBound, Operator.GT).position;
long right = (rightBound.compareTo(last) > 0)
? uncompressedLength()
: getPosition(rightBound, Operator.GT).position;
if (left == right)
// empty range
continue;
assert left < right : String.format("Range=%s openReason=%s first=%s last=%s left=%d right=%d", range, openReason, first, last, left, right);
positions.add(Pair.create(left, right));
}
return positions;
}
public KeyCacheKey getCacheKey(DecoratedKey key)
{
return new KeyCacheKey(metadata.ksAndCFName, descriptor, key.getKey());
}
public void cacheKey(DecoratedKey key, RowIndexEntry info)
{
CachingParams caching = metadata.params.caching;
if (!caching.cacheKeys() || keyCache == null || keyCache.getCapacity() == 0)
return;
KeyCacheKey cacheKey = new KeyCacheKey(metadata.ksAndCFName, descriptor, key.getKey());
logger.trace("Adding cache entry for {} -> {}", cacheKey, info);
keyCache.put(cacheKey, info);
}
public RowIndexEntry getCachedPosition(DecoratedKey key, boolean updateStats)
{
return getCachedPosition(new KeyCacheKey(metadata.ksAndCFName, descriptor, key.getKey()), updateStats);
}
protected RowIndexEntry getCachedPosition(KeyCacheKey unifiedKey, boolean updateStats)
{
if (keyCache != null && keyCache.getCapacity() > 0 && metadata.params.caching.cacheKeys())
{
if (updateStats)
{
RowIndexEntry cachedEntry = keyCache.get(unifiedKey);
keyCacheRequest.incrementAndGet();
if (cachedEntry != null)
{
keyCacheHit.incrementAndGet();
bloomFilterTracker.addTruePositive();
}
return cachedEntry;
}
else
{
return keyCache.getInternal(unifiedKey);
}
}
return null;
}
/**
* Retrieves the position while updating the key cache and the stats.
* @param key The key to apply as the rhs to the given Operator. A 'fake' key is allowed to
* allow key selection by token bounds but only if op != * EQ
* @param op The Operator defining matching keys: the nearest key to the target matching the operator wins.
*/
public final RowIndexEntry getPosition(PartitionPosition key, Operator op)
{
return getPosition(key, op, SSTableReadsListener.NOOP_LISTENER);
}
/**
* Retrieves the position while updating the key cache and the stats.
* @param key The key to apply as the rhs to the given Operator. A 'fake' key is allowed to
* allow key selection by token bounds but only if op != * EQ
* @param op The Operator defining matching keys: the nearest key to the target matching the operator wins.
* @param listener the {@code SSTableReaderListener} that must handle the notifications.
*/
public final RowIndexEntry getPosition(PartitionPosition key, Operator op, SSTableReadsListener listener)
{
return getPosition(key, op, true, false, listener);
}
public final RowIndexEntry getPosition(PartitionPosition key, Operator op, boolean updateCacheAndStats)
{
return getPosition(key, op, updateCacheAndStats, false, SSTableReadsListener.NOOP_LISTENER);
}
/**
* @param key The key to apply as the rhs to the given Operator. A 'fake' key is allowed to
* allow key selection by token bounds but only if op != * EQ
* @param op The Operator defining matching keys: the nearest key to the target matching the operator wins.
* @param updateCacheAndStats true if updating stats and cache
* @param listener a listener used to handle internal events
* @return The index entry corresponding to the key, or null if the key is not present
*/
protected abstract RowIndexEntry getPosition(PartitionPosition key,
Operator op,
boolean updateCacheAndStats,
boolean permitMatchPastLast,
SSTableReadsListener listener);
public abstract UnfilteredRowIterator iterator(DecoratedKey key,
Slices slices,
ColumnFilter selectedColumns,
boolean reversed,
boolean isForThrift,
SSTableReadsListener listener);
public abstract UnfilteredRowIterator iterator(FileDataInput file, DecoratedKey key, RowIndexEntry indexEntry, Slices slices, ColumnFilter selectedColumns, boolean reversed, boolean isForThrift);
public abstract UnfilteredRowIterator simpleIterator(FileDataInput file, DecoratedKey key, RowIndexEntry indexEntry, boolean tombstoneOnly);
/**
* Finds and returns the first key beyond a given token in this SSTable or null if no such key exists.
*/
public DecoratedKey firstKeyBeyond(PartitionPosition token)
{
if (token.compareTo(first) < 0)
return first;
long sampledPosition = getIndexScanPosition(token);
if (ifile == null)
return null;
String path = null;
try (FileDataInput in = ifile.createReader(sampledPosition))
{
path = in.getPath();
while (!in.isEOF())
{
ByteBuffer indexKey = ByteBufferUtil.readWithShortLength(in);
DecoratedKey indexDecoratedKey = decorateKey(indexKey);
if (indexDecoratedKey.compareTo(token) > 0)
return indexDecoratedKey;
RowIndexEntry.Serializer.skip(in, descriptor.version);
}
}
catch (IOException e)
{
markSuspect();
throw new CorruptSSTableException(e, path);
}
return null;
}
/**
* @return The length in bytes of the data for this SSTable. For
* compressed files, this is not the same thing as the on disk size (see
* onDiskLength())
*/
public long uncompressedLength()
{
return dfile.dataLength();
}
/**
* @return The length in bytes of the on disk size for this SSTable. For
* compressed files, this is not the same thing as the data length (see
* length())
*/
public long onDiskLength()
{
return dfile.onDiskLength;
}
@VisibleForTesting
public double getCrcCheckChance()
{
return crcCheckChance;
}
/**
* Set the value of CRC check chance. The argument supplied is obtained
* from the the property of the owning CFS. Called when either the SSTR
* is initialized, or the CFS's property is updated via JMX
* @param crcCheckChance
*/
public void setCrcCheckChance(double crcCheckChance)
{
this.crcCheckChance = crcCheckChance;
dfile.compressionMetadata().ifPresent(metadata -> metadata.parameters.setCrcCheckChance(crcCheckChance));
}
/**
* Mark the sstable as obsolete, i.e., compacted into newer sstables.
*
* When calling this function, the caller must ensure that the SSTableReader is not referenced anywhere
* except for threads holding a reference.
*
* multiple times is usually buggy (see exceptions in Tracker.unmarkCompacting and removeOldSSTablesSize).
*/
public void markObsolete(Runnable tidier)
{
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace("Marking {} compacted", getFilename());
synchronized (tidy.global)
{
assert !tidy.isReplaced;
assert tidy.global.obsoletion == null: this + " was already marked compacted";
tidy.global.obsoletion = tidier;
tidy.global.stopReadMeterPersistence();
}
}
public boolean isMarkedCompacted()
{
return tidy.global.obsoletion != null;
}
public void markSuspect()
{
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace("Marking {} as a suspect for blacklisting.", getFilename());
isSuspect.getAndSet(true);
}
public boolean isMarkedSuspect()
{
return isSuspect.get();
}
/**
* I/O SSTableScanner
* @return A Scanner for seeking over the rows of the SSTable.
*/
public ISSTableScanner getScanner()
{
return getScanner((RateLimiter) null);
}
/**
* @param columns the columns to return.
* @param dataRange filter to use when reading the columns
* @param listener a listener used to handle internal read events
* @return A Scanner for seeking over the rows of the SSTable.
*/
public ISSTableScanner getScanner(ColumnFilter columns,
DataRange dataRange,
boolean isForThrift,
SSTableReadsListener listener)
{
return getScanner(columns, dataRange, null, isForThrift, listener);
}
/**
* Direct I/O SSTableScanner over a defined range of tokens.
*
* @param range the range of keys to cover
* @return A Scanner for seeking over the rows of the SSTable.
*/
public ISSTableScanner getScanner(Range range, RateLimiter limiter)
{
if (range == null)
return getScanner(limiter);
return getScanner(Collections.singletonList(range), limiter);
}
/**
* Direct I/O SSTableScanner over the entirety of the sstable..
*
* @return A Scanner over the full content of the SSTable.
*/
public abstract ISSTableScanner getScanner(RateLimiter limiter);
/**
* Direct I/O SSTableScanner over a defined collection of ranges of tokens.
*
* @param ranges the range of keys to cover
* @return A Scanner for seeking over the rows of the SSTable.
*/
public abstract ISSTableScanner getScanner(Collection> ranges, RateLimiter limiter);
/**
* Direct I/O SSTableScanner over an iterator of bounds.
*
* @param rangeIterator the keys to cover
* @return A Scanner for seeking over the rows of the SSTable.
*/
public abstract ISSTableScanner getScanner(Iterator> rangeIterator);
/**
* @param columns the columns to return.
* @param dataRange filter to use when reading the columns
* @param listener a listener used to handle internal read events
* @return A Scanner for seeking over the rows of the SSTable.
*/
public abstract ISSTableScanner getScanner(ColumnFilter columns,
DataRange dataRange,
RateLimiter limiter,
boolean isForThrift,
SSTableReadsListener listener);
public FileDataInput getFileDataInput(long position)
{
return dfile.createReader(position);
}
/**
* Tests if the sstable contains data newer than the given age param (in localhost currentMilli time).
* This works in conjunction with maxDataAge which is an upper bound on the create of data in this sstable.
* @param age The age to compare the maxDataAre of this sstable. Measured in millisec since epoc on this host
* @return True iff this sstable contains data that's newer than the given age parameter.
*/
public boolean newSince(long age)
{
return maxDataAge > age;
}
public void createLinks(String snapshotDirectoryPath)
{
for (Component component : components)
{
File sourceFile = new File(descriptor.filenameFor(component));
if (!sourceFile.exists())
continue;
File targetLink = new File(snapshotDirectoryPath, sourceFile.getName());
FileUtils.createHardLink(sourceFile, targetLink);
}
}
public boolean isRepaired()
{
return sstableMetadata.repairedAt != ActiveRepairService.UNREPAIRED_SSTABLE;
}
public DecoratedKey keyAt(long indexPosition) throws IOException
{
DecoratedKey key;
try (FileDataInput in = ifile.createReader(indexPosition))
{
if (in.isEOF())
return null;
key = decorateKey(ByteBufferUtil.readWithShortLength(in));
// hint read path about key location if caching is enabled
// this saves index summary lookup and index file iteration which whould be pretty costly
// especially in presence of promoted column indexes
if (isKeyCacheSetup())
cacheKey(key, rowIndexEntrySerializer.deserialize(in, in.getFilePointer()));
}
return key;
}
/**
* TODO: Move someplace reusable
*/
public abstract static class Operator
{
public static final Operator EQ = new Equals();
public static final Operator GE = new GreaterThanOrEqualTo();
public static final Operator GT = new GreaterThan();
/**
* @param comparison The result of a call to compare/compareTo, with the desired field on the rhs.
* @return less than 0 if the operator cannot match forward, 0 if it matches, greater than 0 if it might match forward.
*/
public abstract int apply(int comparison);
final static class Equals extends Operator
{
public int apply(int comparison) { return -comparison; }
}
final static class GreaterThanOrEqualTo extends Operator
{
public int apply(int comparison) { return comparison >= 0 ? 0 : 1; }
}
final static class GreaterThan extends Operator
{
public int apply(int comparison) { return comparison > 0 ? 0 : 1; }
}
}
public long getBloomFilterFalsePositiveCount()
{
return bloomFilterTracker.getFalsePositiveCount();
}
public long getRecentBloomFilterFalsePositiveCount()
{
return bloomFilterTracker.getRecentFalsePositiveCount();
}
public long getBloomFilterTruePositiveCount()
{
return bloomFilterTracker.getTruePositiveCount();
}
public long getRecentBloomFilterTruePositiveCount()
{
return bloomFilterTracker.getRecentTruePositiveCount();
}
public InstrumentingCache getKeyCache()
{
return keyCache;
}
public EstimatedHistogram getEstimatedPartitionSize()
{
return sstableMetadata.estimatedPartitionSize;
}
public EstimatedHistogram getEstimatedColumnCount()
{
return sstableMetadata.estimatedColumnCount;
}
public double getEstimatedDroppableTombstoneRatio(int gcBefore)
{
return sstableMetadata.getEstimatedDroppableTombstoneRatio(gcBefore);
}
public double getDroppableTombstonesBefore(int gcBefore)
{
return sstableMetadata.getDroppableTombstonesBefore(gcBefore);
}
public double getCompressionRatio()
{
return sstableMetadata.compressionRatio;
}
public long getMinTimestamp()
{
return sstableMetadata.minTimestamp;
}
public long getMaxTimestamp()
{
return sstableMetadata.maxTimestamp;
}
public int getMinLocalDeletionTime()
{
return sstableMetadata.minLocalDeletionTime;
}
public int getMaxLocalDeletionTime()
{
return sstableMetadata.maxLocalDeletionTime;
}
/**
* Whether the sstable may contain tombstones or if it is guaranteed to not contain any.
*
* Note that having that method return {@code false} guarantees the sstable has no tombstones whatsoever (so no
* cell tombstone, no range tombstone maker and no expiring columns), but having it return {@code true} doesn't
* guarantee it contains any as 1) it may simply have non-expired cells and 2) old-format sstables didn't contain
* enough information to decide this and so always return {@code true}.
*/
public boolean mayHaveTombstones()
{
// A sstable is guaranteed to have no tombstones if it properly tracked the minLocalDeletionTime (which we only
// do since 3.0 - see CASSANDRA-13366) and that value is still set to its default, Cell.NO_DELETION_TIME, which
// is bigger than any valid deletion times.
return !descriptor.version.storeRows() || getMinLocalDeletionTime() != Cell.NO_DELETION_TIME;
}
public int getMinTTL()
{
return sstableMetadata.minTTL;
}
public int getMaxTTL()
{
return sstableMetadata.maxTTL;
}
public long getTotalColumnsSet()
{
return sstableMetadata.totalColumnsSet;
}
public long getTotalRows()
{
return sstableMetadata.totalRows;
}
public int getAvgColumnSetPerRow()
{
return sstableMetadata.totalRows < 0
? -1
: (sstableMetadata.totalRows == 0 ? 0 : (int)(sstableMetadata.totalColumnsSet / sstableMetadata.totalRows));
}
public int getSSTableLevel()
{
return sstableMetadata.sstableLevel;
}
/**
* Reloads the sstable metadata from disk.
*
* Called after level is changed on sstable, for example if the sstable is dropped to L0
*
* Might be possible to remove in future versions
*
* @throws IOException
*/
public void reloadSSTableMetadata() throws IOException
{
this.sstableMetadata = (StatsMetadata) descriptor.getMetadataSerializer().deserialize(descriptor, MetadataType.STATS);
}
public StatsMetadata getSSTableMetadata()
{
return sstableMetadata;
}
public RandomAccessReader openDataReader(RateLimiter limiter)
{
assert limiter != null;
return dfile.createReader(limiter);
}
public RandomAccessReader openDataReader()
{
return dfile.createReader();
}
public RandomAccessReader openIndexReader()
{
if (ifile != null)
return ifile.createReader();
return null;
}
public ChannelProxy getDataChannel()
{
return dfile.channel;
}
public ChannelProxy getIndexChannel()
{
return ifile.channel;
}
public FileHandle getIndexFile()
{
return ifile;
}
/**
* @param component component to get timestamp.
* @return last modified time for given component. 0 if given component does not exist or IO error occurs.
*/
public long getCreationTimeFor(Component component)
{
return new File(descriptor.filenameFor(component)).lastModified();
}
/**
* @return Number of key cache hit
*/
public long getKeyCacheHit()
{
return keyCacheHit.get();
}
/**
* @return Number of key cache request
*/
public long getKeyCacheRequest()
{
return keyCacheRequest.get();
}
/**
* Increment the total read count and read rate for this SSTable. This should not be incremented for non-query reads,
* like compaction.
*/
public void incrementReadCount()
{
if (readMeter != null)
readMeter.mark();
}
public EncodingStats stats()
{
// We could return sstable.header.stats(), but this may not be as accurate than the actual sstable stats (see
// SerializationHeader.make() for details) so we use the latter instead.
return new EncodingStats(getMinTimestamp(), getMinLocalDeletionTime(), getMinTTL());
}
public Ref tryRef()
{
return selfRef.tryRef();
}
public Ref selfRef()
{
return selfRef;
}
public Ref ref()
{
return selfRef.ref();
}
void setup(boolean trackHotness)
{
tidy.setup(this, trackHotness);
this.readMeter = tidy.global.readMeter;
}
@VisibleForTesting
public void overrideReadMeter(RestorableMeter readMeter)
{
this.readMeter = tidy.global.readMeter = readMeter;
}
public void addTo(Ref.IdentityCollection identities)
{
identities.add(this);
identities.add(tidy.globalRef);
dfile.addTo(identities);
ifile.addTo(identities);
bf.addTo(identities);
indexSummary.addTo(identities);
}
/**
* One instance per SSTableReader we create.
*
* We can create many InstanceTidiers (one for every time we reopen an sstable with MOVED_START for example),
* but there can only be one GlobalTidy for one single logical sstable.
*
* When the InstanceTidier cleansup, it releases its reference to its GlobalTidy; when all InstanceTidiers
* for that type have run, the GlobalTidy cleans up.
*/
private static final class InstanceTidier implements Tidy
{
private final Descriptor descriptor;
private final CFMetaData metadata;
private IFilter bf;
private IndexSummary summary;
private FileHandle dfile;
private FileHandle ifile;
private Runnable runOnClose;
private boolean isReplaced = false;
// a reference to our shared tidy instance, that
// we will release when we are ourselves released
private Ref globalRef;
private GlobalTidy global;
private volatile boolean setup;
void setup(SSTableReader reader, boolean trackHotness)
{
this.setup = true;
this.bf = reader.bf;
this.summary = reader.indexSummary;
this.dfile = reader.dfile;
this.ifile = reader.ifile;
// get a new reference to the shared descriptor-type tidy
this.globalRef = GlobalTidy.get(reader);
this.global = globalRef.get();
if (trackHotness)
global.ensureReadMeter();
}
InstanceTidier(Descriptor descriptor, CFMetaData metadata)
{
this.descriptor = descriptor;
this.metadata = metadata;
}
public void tidy()
{
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace("Running instance tidier for {} with setup {}", descriptor, setup);
// don't try to cleanup if the sstablereader was never fully constructed
if (!setup)
return;
final ColumnFamilyStore cfs = Schema.instance.getColumnFamilyStoreInstance(metadata.cfId);
final OpOrder.Barrier barrier;
if (cfs != null)
{
barrier = cfs.readOrdering.newBarrier();
barrier.issue();
}
else
barrier = null;
ScheduledExecutors.nonPeriodicTasks.execute(new Runnable()
{
public void run()
{
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace("Async instance tidier for {}, before barrier", descriptor);
if (barrier != null)
barrier.await();
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace("Async instance tidier for {}, after barrier", descriptor);
if (bf != null)
bf.close();
if (summary != null)
summary.close();
if (runOnClose != null)
runOnClose.run();
if (dfile != null)
dfile.close();
if (ifile != null)
ifile.close();
globalRef.release();
if (logger.isTraceEnabled())
logger.trace("Async instance tidier for {}, completed", descriptor);
}
});
}
public String name()
{
return descriptor.toString();
}
void releaseSummary()
{
summary.close();
assert summary.isCleanedUp();
summary = null;
}
}
/**
* One instance per logical sstable. This both tracks shared cleanup and some shared state related
* to the sstable's lifecycle.
*
* All InstanceTidiers, on setup(), ask the static get() method for their shared state,
* and stash a reference to it to be released when they are. Once all such references are
* released, this shared tidy will be performed.
*/
static final class GlobalTidy implements Tidy
{
static WeakReference> NULL = new WeakReference<>(null);
// keyed by descriptor, mapping to the shared GlobalTidy for that descriptor
static final ConcurrentMap> lookup = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private final Descriptor desc;
// the readMeter that is shared between all instances of the sstable, and can be overridden in all of them
// at once also, for testing purposes
private RestorableMeter readMeter;
// the scheduled persistence of the readMeter, that we will cancel once all instances of this logical
// sstable have been released
private WeakReference> readMeterSyncFuture = NULL;
// shared state managing if the logical sstable has been compacted; this is used in cleanup
private volatile Runnable obsoletion;
GlobalTidy(final SSTableReader reader)
{
this.desc = reader.descriptor;
}
void ensureReadMeter()
{
if (readMeter != null)
return;
// Don't track read rates for tables in the system keyspace and don't bother trying to load or persist
// the read meter when in client mode.
// Also, do not track read rates when running in client or tools mode (syncExecuter isn't available in these modes)
if (SchemaConstants.isLocalSystemKeyspace(desc.ksname) || DatabaseDescriptor.isClientOrToolInitialized())
{
readMeter = null;
readMeterSyncFuture = NULL;
return;
}
readMeter = SystemKeyspace.getSSTableReadMeter(desc.ksname, desc.cfname, desc.generation);
// sync the average read rate to system.sstable_activity every five minutes, starting one minute from now
readMeterSyncFuture = new WeakReference<>(syncExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable()
{
public void run()
{
if (obsoletion == null)
{
meterSyncThrottle.acquire();
SystemKeyspace.persistSSTableReadMeter(desc.ksname, desc.cfname, desc.generation, readMeter);
}
}
}, 1, 5, TimeUnit.MINUTES));
}
private void stopReadMeterPersistence()
{
ScheduledFuture readMeterSyncFutureLocal = readMeterSyncFuture.get();
if (readMeterSyncFutureLocal != null)
{
readMeterSyncFutureLocal.cancel(true);
readMeterSyncFuture = NULL;
}
}
public void tidy()
{
lookup.remove(desc);
if (obsoletion != null)
obsoletion.run();
// don't ideally want to dropPageCache for the file until all instances have been released
NativeLibrary.trySkipCache(desc.filenameFor(Component.DATA), 0, 0);
NativeLibrary.trySkipCache(desc.filenameFor(Component.PRIMARY_INDEX), 0, 0);
}
public String name()
{
return desc.toString();
}
// get a new reference to the shared GlobalTidy for this sstable
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
public static Ref get(SSTableReader sstable)
{
Descriptor descriptor = sstable.descriptor;
Ref refc = lookup.get(descriptor);
if (refc != null)
return refc.ref();
final GlobalTidy tidy = new GlobalTidy(sstable);
refc = new Ref<>(tidy, tidy);
Ref ex = lookup.putIfAbsent(descriptor, refc);
if (ex != null)
{
refc.close();
throw new AssertionError();
}
return refc;
}
}
@VisibleForTesting
public static void resetTidying()
{
GlobalTidy.lookup.clear();
}
public static abstract class Factory
{
public abstract SSTableReader open(final Descriptor descriptor,
Set components,
CFMetaData metadata,
Long maxDataAge,
StatsMetadata sstableMetadata,
OpenReason openReason,
SerializationHeader header);
}
}
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