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 * and Distribution License("CDDL") (collectively, the "License").  You
 * may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  You can
 * obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://glassfish.java.net/public/CDDL+GPL_1_1.html
 * or packager/legal/LICENSE.txt.  See the License for the specific
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 * file and include the License file at packager/legal/LICENSE.txt.
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package com.sun.jersey.client.urlconnection;

import com.sun.jersey.api.client.Client;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientHandlerException;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientRequest;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.ClientResponse;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.CommittingOutputStream;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.Statuses;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.TerminatingClientHandler;
import com.sun.jersey.api.client.config.ClientConfig;
import com.sun.jersey.core.header.InBoundHeaders;

import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap;
import javax.ws.rs.core.Response;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.ProtocolException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

/**
 * A terminating client handler that uses {@link HttpURLConnection} or
 * {@link HttpsURLConnection} to make HTTP requests and receive HTTP responses.
 * 

 * By default a {@link HttpURLConnection} or {@link HttpsURLConnection}
 * instance is obtained using {@link URL#openConnection() }. This behaviour
 * may be overridden by registering an {@link HttpURLConnectionFactory}
 * instance when constructing this class.
 * 

 * For SSL configuration of HTTPS the {@link HTTPSProperties} may be used
 * and an instance added as a property of the {@link Client} or
 * {@link ClientRequest}.
 *
 * @author [email protected]
 * @see HttpURLConnectionFactory
 */
public final class URLConnectionClientHandler extends TerminatingClientHandler {

    /**
     * A value of "true" declares that the client will try
     * to set unsupported HTTP method to HttpURLConnection via reflection.
     * Enabling this feature might cause security related warnings/errors
     * and it might break when other JDK implementation is used.
     *
     * Use only when you know what you are doing.
     *
     * The value MUST be an instance of {@link java.lang.Boolean}.
     * If the property is absent then the default value is "false".
     */
    public static final String PROPERTY_HTTP_URL_CONNECTION_SET_METHOD_WORKAROUND =
            "com.sun.jersey.client.property.httpUrlConnectionSetMethodWorkaround";


    private final class URLConnectionResponse extends ClientResponse {
        private final String method;
        private final HttpURLConnection uc;

        URLConnectionResponse(Response.StatusType status, InputStream entity, String method,
                              InBoundHeaders headers, HttpURLConnection uc) {
            super(status, headers, entity, getMessageBodyWorkers());
            this.method = method;
            this.uc = uc;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean hasEntity() {
            if (method.equals("HEAD") || getEntityInputStream() == null)
                return false;

            int l = uc.getContentLength();
            return l > 0 || l == -1;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return uc.getRequestMethod() + " " + uc.getURL() + " returned a response status of " + this.getStatus() +
                    " " + this.getClientResponseStatus();
        }
    }

    private HttpURLConnectionFactory httpURLConnectionFactory = null;

    /**
     * Construct a new instance with an HTTP URL connection factory.
     *
     * @param httpURLConnectionFactory the HTTP URL connection factory.
     */
    public URLConnectionClientHandler(HttpURLConnectionFactory httpURLConnectionFactory) {
        this.httpURLConnectionFactory = httpURLConnectionFactory;
    }

    public URLConnectionClientHandler() {
        this(null);
    }


    /**
     * ClientRequest handler.
     *
     * @param ro ClientRequest
     * @return Server response represented as ClientResponse
     */
    public ClientResponse handle(ClientRequest ro) {
        try {
            return _invoke(ro);
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            throw new ClientHandlerException(ex);
        }
    }

    private ClientResponse _invoke(final ClientRequest ro) throws IOException {
        final HttpURLConnection uc;

        if(this.httpURLConnectionFactory == null) {
            uc = (HttpURLConnection)ro.getURI().toURL().openConnection();
        } else {
            uc = this.httpURLConnectionFactory.getHttpURLConnection(ro.getURI().toURL());
        }

        Integer readTimeout = (Integer)ro.getProperties().get(
                ClientConfig.PROPERTY_READ_TIMEOUT);
        if (readTimeout != null) {
            uc.setReadTimeout(readTimeout);
        }

        Integer connectTimeout = (Integer)ro.getProperties().get(
                ClientConfig.PROPERTY_CONNECT_TIMEOUT);
        if (connectTimeout != null) {
            uc.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);
        }

        Boolean followRedirects = (Boolean)ro.getProperties().get(
                ClientConfig.PROPERTY_FOLLOW_REDIRECTS);
        if (followRedirects != null) {
            uc.setInstanceFollowRedirects(followRedirects);
        }

        if (uc instanceof HttpsURLConnection) {
            HTTPSProperties httpsProperties = (HTTPSProperties) ro.getProperties().get(
                    HTTPSProperties.PROPERTY_HTTPS_PROPERTIES);
            if (httpsProperties != null) {
                httpsProperties.setConnection((HttpsURLConnection)uc);
            }
        }

        Boolean httpUrlConnectionSetMethodWorkaround = (Boolean)ro.getProperties().get(
                PROPERTY_HTTP_URL_CONNECTION_SET_METHOD_WORKAROUND);
        if (httpUrlConnectionSetMethodWorkaround != null && httpUrlConnectionSetMethodWorkaround == true) {
            setRequestMethodUsingWorkaroundForJREBug(uc, ro.getMethod());
        } else {
            uc.setRequestMethod(ro.getMethod());
        }

        // Write the request headers
        writeOutBoundHeaders(ro.getHeaders(), uc);

        // Write the entity (if any)
        Object entity = ro.getEntity();
        if (entity != null) {
            uc.setDoOutput(true);

            if(ro.getMethod().equalsIgnoreCase("GET")) {
                final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(URLConnectionClientHandler.class.getName());
                if(logger.isLoggable(Level.INFO)) {
                    logger.log(Level.INFO, "GET method with entity will be most likely replaced by POST, see http://java.net/jira/browse/JERSEY-1161");
                }
            }

            writeRequestEntity(ro, new RequestEntityWriterListener() {
                public void onRequestEntitySize(long size) {
                    if (size != -1 && size < Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
                        // HttpURLConnection uses the int type for content length
                        uc.setFixedLengthStreamingMode((int)size);
                    } else {
                        // TODO it appears HttpURLConnection has some bugs in
                        // chunked encoding
                        // uc.setChunkedStreamingMode(0);
                        Integer chunkedEncodingSize = (Integer)ro.getProperties().get(
                                ClientConfig.PROPERTY_CHUNKED_ENCODING_SIZE);
                        if (chunkedEncodingSize != null) {
                            uc.setChunkedStreamingMode(chunkedEncodingSize);
                        }
                    }
                }

                public OutputStream onGetOutputStream() throws IOException {
                    return new CommittingOutputStream() {
                        @Override
                        protected OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
                            return uc.getOutputStream();
                        }

                        @Override
                        public void commit() throws IOException {
                            writeOutBoundHeaders(ro.getHeaders(), uc);
                        }
                    };
                }
            });
        } else {
            writeOutBoundHeaders(ro.getHeaders(), uc);
        }


        final int code = uc.getResponseCode();
        final String reasonPhrase = uc.getResponseMessage();
        final Response.StatusType status = reasonPhrase == null ?
            Statuses.from(code) : Statuses.from(code, reasonPhrase);


        // Return the in-bound response
        return new URLConnectionResponse(
                status,
                getInputStream(uc),
                ro.getMethod(),
                getInBoundHeaders(uc),
                uc);
    }

    /**
     * Workaround for a bug in HttpURLConnection.setRequestMethod(String)
     * The implementation of Sun Microsystems is throwing a ProtocolException
     * when the method is other than the HTTP/1.1 default methods. So
     * to use PROPFIND and others, we must apply this workaround.
     *
     * See issue http://java.net/jira/browse/JERSEY-639
     */

    private static final void setRequestMethodUsingWorkaroundForJREBug(final HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection, final String method) {
        try {
            httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod(method); // Check whether we are running on a buggy JRE
        } catch (final ProtocolException pe) {
            try {
                final Class httpURLConnectionClass = httpURLConnection.getClass();
                final Field methodField = httpURLConnectionClass.getSuperclass().getDeclaredField("method");
                methodField.setAccessible(true);
                methodField.set(httpURLConnection, method);
            } catch (final Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }

    private void writeOutBoundHeaders(MultivaluedMap metadata, HttpURLConnection uc) {
        for (Map.Entry> e : metadata.entrySet()) {
            List vs = e.getValue();
            if (vs.size() == 1) {
                uc.setRequestProperty(e.getKey(), ClientRequest.getHeaderValue(vs.get(0)));
            } else {
                StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
                boolean add = false;
                for (Object v : e.getValue()) {
                    if (add) b.append(',');
                    add = true;
                    b.append(ClientRequest.getHeaderValue(v));
                }
                uc.setRequestProperty(e.getKey(), b.toString());
            }
        }
    }

    private InBoundHeaders getInBoundHeaders(HttpURLConnection uc) {
        InBoundHeaders headers = new InBoundHeaders();
        for (Map.Entry> e : uc.getHeaderFields().entrySet()) {
            if (e.getKey() != null)
                headers.put(e.getKey(), e.getValue());
        }
        return headers;
    }

    private InputStream getInputStream(HttpURLConnection uc) throws IOException {
        if (uc.getResponseCode() < 400) {
            return uc.getInputStream();
        } else {
            InputStream ein = uc.getErrorStream();
            return (ein != null)
                    ? ein : new ByteArrayInputStream(new byte[0]);
        }
    }
} 















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