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/*
*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (C) 2010-2011, International Business Machines
* Corporation and others.  All Rights Reserved.
*******************************************************************************
*/
package com.ibm.icu.impl;

import java.util.EnumSet;

import com.ibm.icu.lang.UCharacter;
import com.ibm.icu.lang.UCharacterCategory;
import com.ibm.icu.lang.UCharacterDirection;
import com.ibm.icu.lang.UScript;
import com.ibm.icu.text.IDNA;
import com.ibm.icu.text.Normalizer2;
import com.ibm.icu.text.StringPrepParseException;

// Note about tests for IDNA.Error.DOMAIN_NAME_TOO_LONG:
//
// The domain name length limit is 255 octets in an internal DNS representation
// where the last ("root") label is the empty label
// represented by length byte 0 alone.
// In a conventional string, this translates to 253 characters, or 254
// if there is a trailing dot for the root label.

/**
 * UTS #46 (IDNA2008) implementation.
 * @author Markus Scherer
 * @since 2010jul09
 */
public final class UTS46 extends IDNA {
    public UTS46(int options) {
        this.options=options;
    }

    @Override
    public StringBuilder labelToASCII(CharSequence label, StringBuilder dest, Info info) {
        return process(label, true, true, dest, info);
    }

    @Override
    public StringBuilder labelToUnicode(CharSequence label, StringBuilder dest, Info info) {
        return process(label, true, false, dest, info);
    }

    @Override
    public StringBuilder nameToASCII(CharSequence name, StringBuilder dest, Info info) {
        process(name, false, true, dest, info);
        if( dest.length()>=254 && !info.getErrors().contains(Error.DOMAIN_NAME_TOO_LONG) &&
            isASCIIString(dest) &&
            (dest.length()>254 || dest.charAt(253)!='.')
        ) {
            addError(info, Error.DOMAIN_NAME_TOO_LONG);
        }
        return dest;
    }

    @Override
    public StringBuilder nameToUnicode(CharSequence name, StringBuilder dest, Info info) {
        return process(name, false, false, dest, info);
    }

    private static final Normalizer2 uts46Norm2=
        Normalizer2.getInstance(null, "uts46", Normalizer2.Mode.COMPOSE);  // uts46.nrm
    final int options;

    // Severe errors which usually result in a U+FFFD replacement character in the result string.
    private static final EnumSet severeErrors=EnumSet.of(
        Error.LEADING_COMBINING_MARK,
        Error.DISALLOWED,
        Error.PUNYCODE,
        Error.LABEL_HAS_DOT,
        Error.INVALID_ACE_LABEL);

    private static boolean
    isASCIIString(CharSequence dest) {
        int length=dest.length();
        for(int i=0; i0x7f) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    // UTS #46 data for ASCII characters.
    // The normalizer (using uts46.nrm) maps uppercase ASCII letters to lowercase
    // and passes through all other ASCII characters.
    // If USE_STD3_RULES is set, then non-LDH characters are disallowed
    // using this data.
    // The ASCII fastpath also uses this data.
    // Values: -1=disallowed  0==valid  1==mapped (lowercase)
    private static final byte asciiData[]={
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        // 002D..002E; valid  #  HYPHEN-MINUS..FULL STOP
        -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  0,  0, -1,
        // 0030..0039; valid  #  DIGIT ZERO..DIGIT NINE
         0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        // 0041..005A; mapped  #  LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A..LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z
        -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,
         1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
        // 0061..007A; valid  #  LATIN SMALL LETTER A..LATIN SMALL LETTER Z
        -1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
         0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1
    };

    private StringBuilder
    process(CharSequence src,
            boolean isLabel, boolean toASCII,
            StringBuilder dest,
            Info info) {
        // uts46Norm2.normalize() would do all of this error checking and setup,
        // but with the ASCII fastpath we do not always call it, and do not
        // call it first.
        if(dest==src) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException();
        }
        // Arguments are fine, reset output values.
        dest.delete(0, 0x7fffffff);
        resetInfo(info);
        int srcLength=src.length();
        if(srcLength==0) {
            if(toASCII) {
                addError(info, Error.EMPTY_LABEL);
            }
            return dest;
        }
        // ASCII fastpath
        boolean disallowNonLDHDot=(options&USE_STD3_RULES)!=0;
        int labelStart=0;
        int i;
        for(i=0;; ++i) {
            if(i==srcLength) {
                if(toASCII) {
                    if((i-labelStart)>63) {
                        addLabelError(info, Error.LABEL_TOO_LONG);
                    }
                    // There is a trailing dot if labelStart==i.
                    if(!isLabel && i>=254 && (i>254 || labelStart0x7f) {
                break;
            }
            int cData=asciiData[c];
            if(cData>0) {
                dest.append((char)(c+0x20));  // Lowercase an uppercase ASCII letter.
            } else if(cData<0 && disallowNonLDHDot) {
                break;  // Replacing with U+FFFD can be complicated for toASCII.
            } else {
                dest.append(c);
                if(c=='-') {  // hyphen
                    if(i==(labelStart+3) && src.charAt(i-1)=='-') {
                        // "??--..." is Punycode or forbidden.
                        ++i;  // '-' was copied to dest already
                        break;
                    }
                    if(i==labelStart) {
                        // label starts with "-"
                        addLabelError(info, Error.LEADING_HYPHEN);
                    }
                    if((i+1)==srcLength || src.charAt(i+1)=='.') {
                        // label ends with "-"
                        addLabelError(info, Error.TRAILING_HYPHEN);
                    }
                } else if(c=='.') {  // dot
                    if(isLabel) {
                        // Replacing with U+FFFD can be complicated for toASCII.
                        ++i;  // '.' was copied to dest already
                        break;
                    }
                    if(toASCII) {
                        // Permit an empty label at the end but not elsewhere.
                        if(i==labelStart && i<(srcLength-1)) {
                            addLabelError(info, Error.EMPTY_LABEL);
                        } else if((i-labelStart)>63) {
                            addLabelError(info, Error.LABEL_TOO_LONG);
                        }
                    }
                    promoteAndResetLabelErrors(info);
                    labelStart=i+1;
                }
            }
        }
        promoteAndResetLabelErrors(info);
        processUnicode(src, labelStart, i, isLabel, toASCII, dest, info);
        if( isBiDi(info) && !hasCertainErrors(info, severeErrors) &&
            (!isOkBiDi(info) || (labelStart>0 && !isASCIIOkBiDi(dest, labelStart)))
        ) {
            addError(info, Error.BIDI);
        }
        return dest;
    }

    private StringBuilder
    processUnicode(CharSequence src,
                   int labelStart, int mappingStart,
                   boolean isLabel, boolean toASCII,
                   StringBuilder dest,
                   Info info) {
        if(mappingStart==0) {
            uts46Norm2.normalize(src, dest);
        } else {
            uts46Norm2.normalizeSecondAndAppend(dest, src.subSequence(mappingStart, src.length()));
        }
        boolean doMapDevChars=
            toASCII ? (options&NONTRANSITIONAL_TO_ASCII)==0 :
                      (options&NONTRANSITIONAL_TO_UNICODE)==0;
        int destLength=dest.length();
        int labelLimit=labelStart;
        while(labelLimit=0x200c)) {
                setTransitionalDifferent(info);
                if(doMapDevChars) {
                    destLength=mapDevChars(dest, labelStart, labelLimit);
                    // Do not increment labelLimit in case c was removed.
                    // All deviation characters have been mapped, no need to check for them again.
                    doMapDevChars=false;
                } else {
                    ++labelLimit;
                }
            } else {
                ++labelLimit;
            }
        }
        // Permit an empty label at the end (0=4 &&
            dest.charAt(labelStart)=='x' && dest.charAt(labelStart+1)=='n' &&
            dest.charAt(labelStart+2)=='-' && dest.charAt(labelStart+3)=='-'
        ) {
            // Label starts with "xn--", try to un-Punycode it.
            wasPunycode=true;
            try {
                fromPunycode=Punycode.decode(dest.subSequence(labelStart+4, labelStart+labelLength), null);
            } catch (StringPrepParseException e) {
                addLabelError(info, Error.PUNYCODE);
                return markBadACELabel(dest, labelStart, labelLength, toASCII, info);
            }
            // Check for NFC, and for characters that are not
            // valid or deviation characters according to the normalizer.
            // If there is something wrong, then the string will change.
            // Note that the normalizer passes through non-LDH ASCII and deviation characters.
            // Deviation characters are ok in Punycode even in transitional processing.
            // In the code further below, if we find non-LDH ASCII and we have UIDNA_USE_STD3_RULES
            // then we will set UIDNA_ERROR_INVALID_ACE_LABEL there too.
            boolean isValid=uts46Norm2.isNormalized(fromPunycode);
            if(!isValid) {
                addLabelError(info, Error.INVALID_ACE_LABEL);
                return markBadACELabel(dest, labelStart, labelLength, toASCII, info);
            }
            labelString=fromPunycode;
            labelStart=0;
            labelLength=fromPunycode.length();
        } else {
            wasPunycode=false;
            labelString=dest;
        }
        // Validity check
        if(labelLength==0) {
            if(toASCII) {
                addLabelError(info, Error.EMPTY_LABEL);
            }
            return replaceLabel(dest, destLabelStart, destLabelLength, labelString, labelLength);
        }
        // labelLength>0
        if(labelLength>=4 && labelString.charAt(labelStart+2)=='-' && labelString.charAt(labelStart+3)=='-') {
            // label starts with "??--"
            addLabelError(info, Error.HYPHEN_3_4);
        }
        if(labelString.charAt(labelStart)=='-') {
            // label starts with "-"
            addLabelError(info, Error.LEADING_HYPHEN);
        }
        if(labelString.charAt(labelStart+labelLength-1)=='-') {
            // label ends with "-"
            addLabelError(info, Error.TRAILING_HYPHEN);
        }
        // If the label was not a Punycode label, then it was the result of
        // mapping, normalization and label segmentation.
        // If the label was in Punycode, then we mapped it again above
        // and checked its validity.
        // Now we handle the STD3 restriction to LDH characters (if set)
        // and we look for U+FFFD which indicates disallowed characters
        // in a non-Punycode label or U+FFFD itself in a Punycode label.
        // We also check for dots which can come from the input to a single-label function.
        // Ok to cast away const because we own the UnicodeString.
        int i=labelStart;
        int limit=labelStart+labelLength;
        char oredChars=0;
        // If we enforce STD3 rules, then ASCII characters other than LDH and dot are disallowed.
        boolean disallowNonLDHDot=(options&USE_STD3_RULES)!=0;
        do {
            char c=labelString.charAt(i);
            if(c<=0x7f) {
                if(c=='.') {
                    addLabelError(info, Error.LABEL_HAS_DOT);
                    labelString.setCharAt(i, '\ufffd');
                } else if(disallowNonLDHDot && asciiData[c]<0) {
                    addLabelError(info, Error.DISALLOWED);
                    labelString.setCharAt(i, '\ufffd');
                }
            } else {
                oredChars|=c;
                if(disallowNonLDHDot && isNonASCIIDisallowedSTD3Valid(c)) {
                    addLabelError(info, Error.DISALLOWED);
                    labelString.setCharAt(i, '\ufffd');
                } else if(c==0xfffd) {
                    addLabelError(info, Error.DISALLOWED);
                }
            }
            ++i;
        } while(i0xffff) {
                // Remove c's trail surrogate.
                labelString.deleteCharAt(labelStart+1);
                --labelLength;
                if(labelString==dest) {
                    --destLabelLength;
                }
            }
        }
        if(!hasCertainLabelErrors(info, severeErrors)) {
            // Do contextual checks only if we do not have U+FFFD from a severe error
            // because U+FFFD can make these checks fail.
            if((options&CHECK_BIDI)!=0 && (!isBiDi(info) || isOkBiDi(info))) {
                checkLabelBiDi(labelString, labelStart, labelLength, info);
            }
            if( (options&CHECK_CONTEXTJ)!=0 && (oredChars&0x200c)==0x200c &&
                !isLabelOkContextJ(labelString, labelStart, labelLength)
            ) {
                addLabelError(info, Error.CONTEXTJ);
            }
            if((options&CHECK_CONTEXTO)!=0 && oredChars>=0xb7) {
                checkLabelContextO(labelString, labelStart, labelLength, info);
            }
            if(toASCII) {
                if(wasPunycode) {
                    // Leave a Punycode label unchanged if it has no severe errors.
                    if(destLabelLength>63) {
                        addLabelError(info, Error.LABEL_TOO_LONG);
                    }
                    return destLabelLength;
                } else if(oredChars>=0x80) {
                    // Contains non-ASCII characters.
                    StringBuilder punycode;
                    try {
                        punycode=Punycode.encode(labelString.subSequence(labelStart, labelStart+labelLength), null);
                    } catch (StringPrepParseException e) {
                        throw new RuntimeException(e);  // unexpected
                    }
                    punycode.insert(0, "xn--");
                    if(punycode.length()>63) {
                        addLabelError(info, Error.LABEL_TOO_LONG);
                    }
                    return replaceLabel(dest, destLabelStart, destLabelLength,
                                        punycode, punycode.length());
                } else {
                    // all-ASCII label
                    if(labelLength>63) {
                        addLabelError(info, Error.LABEL_TOO_LONG);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            // If a Punycode label has severe errors,
            // then leave it but make sure it does not look valid.
            if(wasPunycode) {
                addLabelError(info, Error.INVALID_ACE_LABEL);
                return markBadACELabel(dest, destLabelStart, destLabelLength, toASCII, info);
            }
        }
        return replaceLabel(dest, destLabelStart, destLabelLength, labelString, labelLength);
    }
    private int
    markBadACELabel(StringBuilder dest,
                    int labelStart, int labelLength,
                    boolean toASCII, Info info) {
        boolean disallowNonLDHDot=(options&USE_STD3_RULES)!=0;
        boolean isASCII=true;
        boolean onlyLDH=true;
        int i=labelStart+4;  // After the initial "xn--".
        int limit=labelStart+labelLength;
        do {
            char c=dest.charAt(i);
            if(c<=0x7f) {
                if(c=='.') {
                    addLabelError(info, Error.LABEL_HAS_DOT);
                    dest.setCharAt(i, '\ufffd');
                    isASCII=onlyLDH=false;
                } else if(asciiData[c]<0) {
                    onlyLDH=false;
                    if(disallowNonLDHDot) {
                        dest.setCharAt(i, '\ufffd');
                        isASCII=false;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                isASCII=onlyLDH=false;
            }
        } while(++i63) {
                addLabelError(info, Error.LABEL_TOO_LONG);
            }
        }
        return labelLength;
    }

    private static final int L_MASK=U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.LEFT_TO_RIGHT);
    private static final int R_AL_MASK=
        U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.RIGHT_TO_LEFT)|
        U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.RIGHT_TO_LEFT_ARABIC);
    private static final int L_R_AL_MASK=L_MASK|R_AL_MASK;

    private static final int R_AL_AN_MASK=R_AL_MASK|U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.ARABIC_NUMBER);

    private static final int EN_AN_MASK=
        U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.EUROPEAN_NUMBER)|
        U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.ARABIC_NUMBER);
    private static final int R_AL_EN_AN_MASK=R_AL_MASK|EN_AN_MASK;
    private static final int L_EN_MASK=L_MASK|U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.EUROPEAN_NUMBER);

    private static final int ES_CS_ET_ON_BN_NSM_MASK=
        U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.EUROPEAN_NUMBER_SEPARATOR)|
        U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.COMMON_NUMBER_SEPARATOR)|
        U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.EUROPEAN_NUMBER_TERMINATOR)|
        U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.OTHER_NEUTRAL)|
        U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.BOUNDARY_NEUTRAL)|
        U_MASK(UCharacterDirection.DIR_NON_SPACING_MARK);
    private static final int L_EN_ES_CS_ET_ON_BN_NSM_MASK=L_EN_MASK|ES_CS_ET_ON_BN_NSM_MASK;
    private static final int R_AL_AN_EN_ES_CS_ET_ON_BN_NSM_MASK=R_AL_MASK|EN_AN_MASK|ES_CS_ET_ON_BN_NSM_MASK;

    // We scan the whole label and check both for whether it contains RTL characters
    // and whether it passes the BiDi Rule.
    // In a BiDi domain name, all labels must pass the BiDi Rule, but we might find
    // that a domain name is a BiDi domain name (has an RTL label) only after
    // processing several earlier labels.
    private void
    checkLabelBiDi(CharSequence label, int labelStart, int labelLength, Info info) {
        // IDNA2008 BiDi rule
        // Get the directionality of the first character.
        int c;
        int i=labelStart;
        c=Character.codePointAt(label, i);
        i+=Character.charCount(c);
        int firstMask=U_MASK(UBiDiProps.INSTANCE.getClass(c));
        // 1. The first character must be a character with BIDI property L, R
        // or AL.  If it has the R or AL property, it is an RTL label; if it
        // has the L property, it is an LTR label.
        if((firstMask&~L_R_AL_MASK)!=0) {
            setNotOkBiDi(info);
        }
        // Get the directionality of the last non-NSM character.
        int lastMask;
        int labelLimit=labelStart+labelLength;
        for(;;) {
            if(i>=labelLimit) {
                lastMask=firstMask;
                break;
            }
            c=Character.codePointBefore(label, labelLimit);
            labelLimit-=Character.charCount(c);
            int dir=UBiDiProps.INSTANCE.getClass(c);
            if(dir!=UCharacterDirection.DIR_NON_SPACING_MARK) {
                lastMask=U_MASK(dir);
                break;
            }
        }
        // 3. In an RTL label, the end of the label must be a character with
        // BIDI property R, AL, EN or AN, followed by zero or more
        // characters with BIDI property NSM.
        // 6. In an LTR label, the end of the label must be a character with
        // BIDI property L or EN, followed by zero or more characters with
        // BIDI property NSM.
        if( (firstMask&L_MASK)!=0 ?
                (lastMask&~L_EN_MASK)!=0 :
                (lastMask&~R_AL_EN_AN_MASK)!=0
        ) {
            setNotOkBiDi(info);
        }
        // Get the directionalities of the intervening characters.
        int mask=0;
        while(ilabelStart) {
                    c=s.charAt(i-1);
                    if(!('a'<=c && c<='z') && !('0'<=c && c<='9')) {
                        // Last character in the label is not an L or EN.
                        return false;
                    }
                }
                labelStart=i+1;
            } else if(i==labelStart) {
                if(!('a'<=c && c<='z')) {
                    // First character in the label is not an L.
                    return false;
                }
            } else {
                if(c<=0x20 && (c>=0x1c || (9<=c && c<=0xd))) {
                    // Intermediate character in the label is a B, S or WS.
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    private boolean
    isLabelOkContextJ(CharSequence label, int labelStart, int labelLength) {
        // [IDNA2008-Tables]
        // 200C..200D  ; CONTEXTJ    # ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER..ZERO WIDTH JOINER
        int labelLimit=labelStart+labelLength;
        for(int i=labelStart; i0) {
                            addLabelError(info, Error.CONTEXTO_DIGITS);
                        }
                        arabicDigits=-1;
                    } else if(0x6f0<=c) {
                        if(arabicDigits<0) {
                            addLabelError(info, Error.CONTEXTO_DIGITS);
                        }
                        arabicDigits=1;
                    }
                }
            } else if(c==0x30fb) {
                // Appendix A.7. KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT (U+30FB)
                // Rule Set:
                //  False;
                //  For All Characters:
                //    If Script(cp) .in. {Hiragana, Katakana, Han} Then True;
                //  End For;
                for(int j=labelStart;; j+=Character.charCount(c)) {
                    if(j>labelEnd) {
                        addLabelError(info, Error.CONTEXTO_PUNCTUATION);
                        break;
                    }
                    c=Character.codePointAt(label, j);
                    int script=UScript.getScript(c);
                    if(script==UScript.HIRAGANA || script==UScript.KATAKANA || script==UScript.HAN) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // TODO: make public(?) -- in C, these are public in uchar.h
    private static int U_MASK(int x) {
        return 1<




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