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/*
* Copyright 2015 The Netty Project
*
* The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
* version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package io.netty.handler.codec.http;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.IllegalCharsetNameException;
import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import io.netty.handler.codec.Headers;
import io.netty.util.AsciiString;
import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;
import io.netty.util.NetUtil;
import io.netty.util.internal.ObjectUtil;
import io.netty.util.internal.UnstableApi;
import static io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.COMMA;
/**
* Utility methods useful in the HTTP context.
*/
public final class HttpUtil {
private static final AsciiString CHARSET_EQUALS = AsciiString.of(HttpHeaderValues.CHARSET + "=");
private static final AsciiString SEMICOLON = AsciiString.cached(";");
private static final String COMMA_STRING = String.valueOf(COMMA);
private HttpUtil() { }
/**
* Determine if a uri is in origin-form according to
* rfc7230, 5.3.
*/
public static boolean isOriginForm(URI uri) {
return uri.getScheme() == null && uri.getSchemeSpecificPart() == null &&
uri.getHost() == null && uri.getAuthority() == null;
}
/**
* Determine if a uri is in asterisk-form according to
* rfc7230, 5.3.
*/
public static boolean isAsteriskForm(URI uri) {
return "*".equals(uri.getPath()) &&
uri.getScheme() == null && uri.getSchemeSpecificPart() == null &&
uri.getHost() == null && uri.getAuthority() == null && uri.getQuery() == null &&
uri.getFragment() == null;
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if and only if the connection can remain open and
* thus 'kept alive'. This methods respects the value of the.
*
* {@code "Connection"} header first and then the return value of
* {@link HttpVersion#isKeepAliveDefault()}.
*/
public static boolean isKeepAlive(HttpMessage message) {
return !message.headers().containsValue(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.CLOSE, true) &&
(message.protocolVersion().isKeepAliveDefault() ||
message.headers().containsValue(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.KEEP_ALIVE, true));
}
/**
* Sets the value of the {@code "Connection"} header depending on the
* protocol version of the specified message. This getMethod sets or removes
* the {@code "Connection"} header depending on what the default keep alive
* mode of the message's protocol version is, as specified by
* {@link HttpVersion#isKeepAliveDefault()}.
*
* - If the connection is kept alive by default:
*
* - set to {@code "close"} if {@code keepAlive} is {@code false}.
* - remove otherwise.
*
* - If the connection is closed by default:
*
* - set to {@code "keep-alive"} if {@code keepAlive} is {@code true}.
* - remove otherwise.
*
*
* @see #setKeepAlive(HttpHeaders, HttpVersion, boolean)
*/
public static void setKeepAlive(HttpMessage message, boolean keepAlive) {
setKeepAlive(message.headers(), message.protocolVersion(), keepAlive);
}
/**
* Sets the value of the {@code "Connection"} header depending on the
* protocol version of the specified message. This getMethod sets or removes
* the {@code "Connection"} header depending on what the default keep alive
* mode of the message's protocol version is, as specified by
* {@link HttpVersion#isKeepAliveDefault()}.
*
* - If the connection is kept alive by default:
*
* - set to {@code "close"} if {@code keepAlive} is {@code false}.
* - remove otherwise.
*
* - If the connection is closed by default:
*
* - set to {@code "keep-alive"} if {@code keepAlive} is {@code true}.
* - remove otherwise.
*
*
*/
public static void setKeepAlive(HttpHeaders h, HttpVersion httpVersion, boolean keepAlive) {
if (httpVersion.isKeepAliveDefault()) {
if (keepAlive) {
h.remove(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION);
} else {
h.set(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.CLOSE);
}
} else {
if (keepAlive) {
h.set(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION, HttpHeaderValues.KEEP_ALIVE);
} else {
h.remove(HttpHeaderNames.CONNECTION);
}
}
}
/**
* Returns the length of the content. Please note that this value is
* not retrieved from {@link HttpContent#content()} but from the
* {@code "Content-Length"} header, and thus they are independent from each
* other.
*
* @return the content length
*
* @throws NumberFormatException
* if the message does not have the {@code "Content-Length"} header
* or its value is not a number
*/
public static long getContentLength(HttpMessage message) {
String value = message.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH);
if (value != null) {
return Long.parseLong(value);
}
// We know the content length if it's a Web Socket message even if
// Content-Length header is missing.
long webSocketContentLength = getWebSocketContentLength(message);
if (webSocketContentLength >= 0) {
return webSocketContentLength;
}
// Otherwise we don't.
throw new NumberFormatException("header not found: " + HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH);
}
/**
* Returns the length of the content or the specified default value if the message does not have the {@code
* "Content-Length" header}. Please note that this value is not retrieved from {@link HttpContent#content()} but
* from the {@code "Content-Length"} header, and thus they are independent from each other.
*
* @param message the message
* @param defaultValue the default value
* @return the content length or the specified default value
* @throws NumberFormatException if the {@code "Content-Length"} header does not parse as a long
*/
public static long getContentLength(HttpMessage message, long defaultValue) {
String value = message.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH);
if (value != null) {
return Long.parseLong(value);
}
// We know the content length if it's a Web Socket message even if
// Content-Length header is missing.
long webSocketContentLength = getWebSocketContentLength(message);
if (webSocketContentLength >= 0) {
return webSocketContentLength;
}
// Otherwise we don't.
return defaultValue;
}
/**
* Get an {@code int} representation of {@link #getContentLength(HttpMessage, long)}.
*
* @return the content length or {@code defaultValue} if this message does
* not have the {@code "Content-Length"} header or its value is not
* a number. Not to exceed the boundaries of integer.
*/
public static int getContentLength(HttpMessage message, int defaultValue) {
return (int) Math.min(Integer.MAX_VALUE, getContentLength(message, (long) defaultValue));
}
/**
* Returns the content length of the specified web socket message. If the
* specified message is not a web socket message, {@code -1} is returned.
*/
private static int getWebSocketContentLength(HttpMessage message) {
// WebSocket messages have constant content-lengths.
HttpHeaders h = message.headers();
if (message instanceof HttpRequest) {
HttpRequest req = (HttpRequest) message;
if (HttpMethod.GET.equals(req.method()) &&
h.contains(HttpHeaderNames.SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY1) &&
h.contains(HttpHeaderNames.SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY2)) {
return 8;
}
} else if (message instanceof HttpResponse) {
HttpResponse res = (HttpResponse) message;
if (res.status().code() == 101 &&
h.contains(HttpHeaderNames.SEC_WEBSOCKET_ORIGIN) &&
h.contains(HttpHeaderNames.SEC_WEBSOCKET_LOCATION)) {
return 16;
}
}
// Not a web socket message
return -1;
}
/**
* Sets the {@code "Content-Length"} header.
*/
public static void setContentLength(HttpMessage message, long length) {
message.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH, length);
}
public static boolean isContentLengthSet(HttpMessage m) {
return m.headers().contains(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH);
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if and only if the specified message contains an expect header and the only expectation
* present is the 100-continue expectation. Note that this method returns {@code false} if the expect header is
* not valid for the message (e.g., the message is a response, or the version on the message is HTTP/1.0).
*
* @param message the message
* @return {@code true} if and only if the expectation 100-continue is present and it is the only expectation
* present
*/
public static boolean is100ContinueExpected(HttpMessage message) {
return isExpectHeaderValid(message)
// unquoted tokens in the expect header are case-insensitive, thus 100-continue is case insensitive
&& message.headers().contains(HttpHeaderNames.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValues.CONTINUE, true);
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the specified message contains an expect header specifying an expectation that is not
* supported. Note that this method returns {@code false} if the expect header is not valid for the message
* (e.g., the message is a response, or the version on the message is HTTP/1.0).
*
* @param message the message
* @return {@code true} if and only if an expectation is present that is not supported
*/
static boolean isUnsupportedExpectation(HttpMessage message) {
if (!isExpectHeaderValid(message)) {
return false;
}
final String expectValue = message.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.EXPECT);
return expectValue != null && !HttpHeaderValues.CONTINUE.toString().equalsIgnoreCase(expectValue);
}
private static boolean isExpectHeaderValid(final HttpMessage message) {
/*
* Expect: 100-continue is for requests only and it works only on HTTP/1.1 or later. Note further that RFC 7231
* section 5.1.1 says "A server that receives a 100-continue expectation in an HTTP/1.0 request MUST ignore
* that expectation."
*/
return message instanceof HttpRequest &&
message.protocolVersion().compareTo(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1) >= 0;
}
/**
* Sets or removes the {@code "Expect: 100-continue"} header to / from the
* specified message. If {@code expected} is {@code true},
* the {@code "Expect: 100-continue"} header is set and all other previous
* {@code "Expect"} headers are removed. Otherwise, all {@code "Expect"}
* headers are removed completely.
*/
public static void set100ContinueExpected(HttpMessage message, boolean expected) {
if (expected) {
message.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.EXPECT, HttpHeaderValues.CONTINUE);
} else {
message.headers().remove(HttpHeaderNames.EXPECT);
}
}
/**
* Checks to see if the transfer encoding in a specified {@link HttpMessage} is chunked
*
* @param message The message to check
* @return True if transfer encoding is chunked, otherwise false
*/
public static boolean isTransferEncodingChunked(HttpMessage message) {
return message.headers().containsValue(HttpHeaderNames.TRANSFER_ENCODING, HttpHeaderValues.CHUNKED, true);
}
/**
* Set the {@link HttpHeaderNames#TRANSFER_ENCODING} to either include {@link HttpHeaderValues#CHUNKED} if
* {@code chunked} is {@code true}, or remove {@link HttpHeaderValues#CHUNKED} if {@code chunked} is {@code false}.
*
* @param m The message which contains the headers to modify.
* @param chunked if {@code true} then include {@link HttpHeaderValues#CHUNKED} in the headers. otherwise remove
* {@link HttpHeaderValues#CHUNKED} from the headers.
*/
public static void setTransferEncodingChunked(HttpMessage m, boolean chunked) {
if (chunked) {
m.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.TRANSFER_ENCODING, HttpHeaderValues.CHUNKED);
m.headers().remove(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_LENGTH);
} else {
List encodings = m.headers().getAll(HttpHeaderNames.TRANSFER_ENCODING);
if (encodings.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
List values = new ArrayList(encodings);
Iterator valuesIt = values.iterator();
while (valuesIt.hasNext()) {
CharSequence value = valuesIt.next();
if (HttpHeaderValues.CHUNKED.contentEqualsIgnoreCase(value)) {
valuesIt.remove();
}
}
if (values.isEmpty()) {
m.headers().remove(HttpHeaderNames.TRANSFER_ENCODING);
} else {
m.headers().set(HttpHeaderNames.TRANSFER_ENCODING, values);
}
}
}
/**
* Fetch charset from message's Content-Type header.
*
* @param message entity to fetch Content-Type header from
* @return the charset from message's Content-Type header or {@link CharsetUtil#ISO_8859_1}
* if charset is not presented or unparsable
*/
public static Charset getCharset(HttpMessage message) {
return getCharset(message, CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1);
}
/**
* Fetch charset from Content-Type header value.
*
* @param contentTypeValue Content-Type header value to parse
* @return the charset from message's Content-Type header or {@link CharsetUtil#ISO_8859_1}
* if charset is not presented or unparsable
*/
public static Charset getCharset(CharSequence contentTypeValue) {
if (contentTypeValue != null) {
return getCharset(contentTypeValue, CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1);
} else {
return CharsetUtil.ISO_8859_1;
}
}
/**
* Fetch charset from message's Content-Type header.
*
* @param message entity to fetch Content-Type header from
* @param defaultCharset result to use in case of empty, incorrect or doesn't contain required part header value
* @return the charset from message's Content-Type header or {@code defaultCharset}
* if charset is not presented or unparsable
*/
public static Charset getCharset(HttpMessage message, Charset defaultCharset) {
CharSequence contentTypeValue = message.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE);
if (contentTypeValue != null) {
return getCharset(contentTypeValue, defaultCharset);
} else {
return defaultCharset;
}
}
/**
* Fetch charset from Content-Type header value.
*
* @param contentTypeValue Content-Type header value to parse
* @param defaultCharset result to use in case of empty, incorrect or doesn't contain required part header value
* @return the charset from message's Content-Type header or {@code defaultCharset}
* if charset is not presented or unparsable
*/
public static Charset getCharset(CharSequence contentTypeValue, Charset defaultCharset) {
if (contentTypeValue != null) {
CharSequence charsetCharSequence = getCharsetAsSequence(contentTypeValue);
if (charsetCharSequence != null) {
try {
return Charset.forName(charsetCharSequence.toString());
} catch (IllegalCharsetNameException ignored) {
// just return the default charset
} catch (UnsupportedCharsetException ignored) {
// just return the default charset
}
}
}
return defaultCharset;
}
/**
* Fetch charset from message's Content-Type header as a char sequence.
*
* A lot of sites/possibly clients have charset="CHARSET", for example charset="utf-8". Or "utf8" instead of "utf-8"
* This is not according to standard, but this method provide an ability to catch desired mistakes manually in code
*
* @param message entity to fetch Content-Type header from
* @return the {@code CharSequence} with charset from message's Content-Type header
* or {@code null} if charset is not presented
* @deprecated use {@link #getCharsetAsSequence(HttpMessage)}
*/
@Deprecated
public static CharSequence getCharsetAsString(HttpMessage message) {
return getCharsetAsSequence(message);
}
/**
* Fetch charset from message's Content-Type header as a char sequence.
*
* A lot of sites/possibly clients have charset="CHARSET", for example charset="utf-8". Or "utf8" instead of "utf-8"
* This is not according to standard, but this method provide an ability to catch desired mistakes manually in code
*
* @return the {@code CharSequence} with charset from message's Content-Type header
* or {@code null} if charset is not presented
*/
public static CharSequence getCharsetAsSequence(HttpMessage message) {
CharSequence contentTypeValue = message.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE);
if (contentTypeValue != null) {
return getCharsetAsSequence(contentTypeValue);
} else {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Fetch charset from Content-Type header value as a char sequence.
*
* A lot of sites/possibly clients have charset="CHARSET", for example charset="utf-8". Or "utf8" instead of "utf-8"
* This is not according to standard, but this method provide an ability to catch desired mistakes manually in code
*
* @param contentTypeValue Content-Type header value to parse
* @return the {@code CharSequence} with charset from message's Content-Type header
* or {@code null} if charset is not presented
* @throws NullPointerException in case if {@code contentTypeValue == null}
*/
public static CharSequence getCharsetAsSequence(CharSequence contentTypeValue) {
ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(contentTypeValue, "contentTypeValue");
int indexOfCharset = AsciiString.indexOfIgnoreCaseAscii(contentTypeValue, CHARSET_EQUALS, 0);
if (indexOfCharset == AsciiString.INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return null;
}
int indexOfEncoding = indexOfCharset + CHARSET_EQUALS.length();
if (indexOfEncoding < contentTypeValue.length()) {
CharSequence charsetCandidate = contentTypeValue.subSequence(indexOfEncoding, contentTypeValue.length());
int indexOfSemicolon = AsciiString.indexOfIgnoreCaseAscii(charsetCandidate, SEMICOLON, 0);
if (indexOfSemicolon == AsciiString.INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return charsetCandidate;
}
return charsetCandidate.subSequence(0, indexOfSemicolon);
}
return null;
}
/**
* Fetch MIME type part from message's Content-Type header as a char sequence.
*
* @param message entity to fetch Content-Type header from
* @return the MIME type as a {@code CharSequence} from message's Content-Type header
* or {@code null} if content-type header or MIME type part of this header are not presented
*
* "content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8" - "text/html" will be returned
* "content-type: text/html" - "text/html" will be returned
* "content-type: " or no header - {@code null} we be returned
*/
public static CharSequence getMimeType(HttpMessage message) {
CharSequence contentTypeValue = message.headers().get(HttpHeaderNames.CONTENT_TYPE);
if (contentTypeValue != null) {
return getMimeType(contentTypeValue);
} else {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Fetch MIME type part from Content-Type header value as a char sequence.
*
* @param contentTypeValue Content-Type header value to parse
* @return the MIME type as a {@code CharSequence} from message's Content-Type header
* or {@code null} if content-type header or MIME type part of this header are not presented
*
* "content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8" - "text/html" will be returned
* "content-type: text/html" - "text/html" will be returned
* "content-type: empty header - {@code null} we be returned
* @throws NullPointerException in case if {@code contentTypeValue == null}
*/
public static CharSequence getMimeType(CharSequence contentTypeValue) {
ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(contentTypeValue, "contentTypeValue");
int indexOfSemicolon = AsciiString.indexOfIgnoreCaseAscii(contentTypeValue, SEMICOLON, 0);
if (indexOfSemicolon != AsciiString.INDEX_NOT_FOUND) {
return contentTypeValue.subSequence(0, indexOfSemicolon);
} else {
return contentTypeValue.length() > 0 ? contentTypeValue : null;
}
}
/**
* Formats the host string of an address so it can be used for computing an HTTP component
* such as a URL or a Host header
*
* @param addr the address
* @return the formatted String
*/
public static String formatHostnameForHttp(InetSocketAddress addr) {
String hostString = NetUtil.getHostname(addr);
if (NetUtil.isValidIpV6Address(hostString)) {
if (!addr.isUnresolved()) {
hostString = NetUtil.toAddressString(addr.getAddress());
}
return '[' + hostString + ']';
}
return hostString;
}
/**
* Validates, and optionally extracts the content length from headers. This method is not intended for
* general use, but is here to be shared between HTTP/1 and HTTP/2 parsing.
*
* @param contentLengthFields the content-length header fields.
* @param isHttp10OrEarlier {@code true} if we are handling HTTP/1.0 or earlier
* @param allowDuplicateContentLengths {@code true} if multiple, identical-value content lengths should be allowed.
* @return the normalized content length from the headers or {@code -1} if the fields were empty.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the content-length fields are not valid
*/
@UnstableApi
public static long normalizeAndGetContentLength(
List contentLengthFields, boolean isHttp10OrEarlier,
boolean allowDuplicateContentLengths) {
if (contentLengthFields.isEmpty()) {
return -1;
}
// Guard against multiple Content-Length headers as stated in
// https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.3.2:
//
// If a message is received that has multiple Content-Length header
// fields with field-values consisting of the same decimal value, or a
// single Content-Length header field with a field value containing a
// list of identical decimal values (e.g., "Content-Length: 42, 42"),
// indicating that duplicate Content-Length header fields have been
// generated or combined by an upstream message processor, then the
// recipient MUST either reject the message as invalid or replace the
// duplicated field-values with a single valid Content-Length field
// containing that decimal value prior to determining the message body
// length or forwarding the message.
String firstField = contentLengthFields.get(0).toString();
boolean multipleContentLengths =
contentLengthFields.size() > 1 || firstField.indexOf(COMMA) >= 0;
if (multipleContentLengths && !isHttp10OrEarlier) {
if (allowDuplicateContentLengths) {
// Find and enforce that all Content-Length values are the same
String firstValue = null;
for (CharSequence field : contentLengthFields) {
String[] tokens = field.toString().split(COMMA_STRING, -1);
for (String token : tokens) {
String trimmed = token.trim();
if (firstValue == null) {
firstValue = trimmed;
} else if (!trimmed.equals(firstValue)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Multiple Content-Length values found: " + contentLengthFields);
}
}
}
// Replace the duplicated field-values with a single valid Content-Length field
firstField = firstValue;
} else {
// Reject the message as invalid
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Multiple Content-Length values found: " + contentLengthFields);
}
}
// Ensure we not allow sign as part of the content-length:
// See https://github.com/squid-cache/squid/security/advisories/GHSA-qf3v-rc95-96j5
if (!Character.isDigit(firstField.charAt(0))) {
// Reject the message as invalid
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Content-Length value is not a number: " + firstField);
}
try {
final long value = Long.parseLong(firstField);
if (value < 0) {
// Reject the message as invalid
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Content-Length value must be >=0: " + value);
}
return value;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
// Reject the message as invalid
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Content-Length value is not a number: " + firstField, e);
}
}
}