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/*
* Copyright 2020 The Netty Project
*
* The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License,
* version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
* with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
*
* https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
* License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
* under the License.
*/
package io.netty.handler.pcap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBufAllocator;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelDuplexHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPromise;
import io.netty.channel.ServerChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.DatagramChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.DatagramPacket;
import io.netty.channel.socket.ServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.util.NetUtil;
import io.netty.util.internal.ObjectUtil;
import io.netty.util.internal.logging.InternalLogger;
import io.netty.util.internal.logging.InternalLoggerFactory;
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.Inet6Address;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
/**
* {@link PcapWriteHandler} captures {@link ByteBuf} from {@link SocketChannel} / {@link ServerChannel}
* or {@link DatagramPacket} and writes it into Pcap {@link OutputStream}.
*
*
* Things to keep in mind when using {@link PcapWriteHandler} with TCP:
*
*
* - Whenever {@link ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter#channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext)} is called,
* a fake TCP 3-way handshake (SYN, SYN+ACK, ACK) is simulated as new connection in Pcap.
*
* - Whenever {@link ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter#handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext)} is called,
* a fake TCP 3-way handshake (FIN+ACK, FIN+ACK, ACK) is simulated as connection shutdown in Pcap.
*
* - Whenever {@link ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter#exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext, Throwable)}
* is called, a fake TCP RST is sent to simulate connection Reset in Pcap.
*
* - ACK is sent each time data is send / received.
*
* - Zero Length Data Packets can cause TCP Double ACK error in Wireshark. To tackle this,
* set {@code captureZeroByte} to {@code false}.
*
*
*/
public final class PcapWriteHandler extends ChannelDuplexHandler implements Closeable {
/**
* Logger for logging events
*/
private final InternalLogger logger = InternalLoggerFactory.getInstance(PcapWriteHandler.class);
/**
* {@link PcapWriter} Instance
*/
private PcapWriter pCapWriter;
/**
* {@link OutputStream} where we'll write Pcap data.
*/
private final OutputStream outputStream;
/**
* {@code true} if we want to capture packets with zero bytes else {@code false}.
*/
private final boolean captureZeroByte;
/**
* {@code true} if we want to write Pcap Global Header on initialization of
* {@link PcapWriter} else {@code false}.
*/
private final boolean writePcapGlobalHeader;
/**
* TCP Sender Segment Number.
* It'll start with 1 and keep incrementing with number of bytes read/sent.
*/
private int sendSegmentNumber = 1;
/**
* TCP Receiver Segment Number.
* It'll start with 1 and keep incrementing with number of bytes read/sent.
*/
private int receiveSegmentNumber = 1;
/**
* Source Address
*/
private InetSocketAddress srcAddr;
/**
* Destination Address
*/
private InetSocketAddress dstAddr;
/**
* Set to {@code true} if {@link #close()} is called and we should stop writing Pcap.
*/
private boolean isClosed;
/**
* Create new {@link PcapWriteHandler} Instance.
* {@code captureZeroByte} is set to {@code false} and
* {@code writePcapGlobalHeader} is set to {@code true}.
*
* @param outputStream OutputStream where Pcap data will be written. Call {@link #close()} to close this
* OutputStream.
* @throws NullPointerException If {@link OutputStream} is {@code null} then we'll throw an
* {@link NullPointerException}
*/
public PcapWriteHandler(OutputStream outputStream) {
this(outputStream, false, true);
}
/**
* Create new {@link PcapWriteHandler} Instance
*
* @param outputStream OutputStream where Pcap data will be written. Call {@link #close()} to close this
* OutputStream.
* @param captureZeroByte Set to {@code true} to enable capturing packets with empty (0 bytes) payload.
* Otherwise, if set to {@code false}, empty packets will be filtered out.
* @param writePcapGlobalHeader Set to {@code true} to write Pcap Global Header on initialization.
* Otherwise, if set to {@code false}, Pcap Global Header will not be written
* on initialization. This could when writing Pcap data on a existing file where
* Pcap Global Header is already present.
* @throws NullPointerException If {@link OutputStream} is {@code null} then we'll throw an
* {@link NullPointerException}
*/
public PcapWriteHandler(OutputStream outputStream, boolean captureZeroByte, boolean writePcapGlobalHeader) {
this.outputStream = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(outputStream, "OutputStream");
this.captureZeroByte = captureZeroByte;
this.writePcapGlobalHeader = writePcapGlobalHeader;
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
ByteBufAllocator byteBufAllocator = ctx.alloc();
/*
* If `writePcapGlobalHeader` is `true`, we'll write Pcap Global Header.
*/
if (writePcapGlobalHeader) {
ByteBuf byteBuf = byteBufAllocator.buffer();
try {
this.pCapWriter = new PcapWriter(this.outputStream, byteBuf);
} catch (IOException ex) {
ctx.channel().close();
ctx.fireExceptionCaught(ex);
logger.error("Caught Exception While Initializing PcapWriter, Closing Channel.", ex);
} finally {
byteBuf.release();
}
} else {
this.pCapWriter = new PcapWriter(this.outputStream);
}
// If Channel belongs to `SocketChannel` then we're handling TCP.
if (ctx.channel() instanceof SocketChannel) {
// Capture correct `localAddress` and `remoteAddress`
if (ctx.channel().parent() instanceof ServerSocketChannel) {
srcAddr = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().remoteAddress();
dstAddr = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().localAddress();
} else {
srcAddr = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().localAddress();
dstAddr = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().remoteAddress();
}
logger.debug("Initiating Fake TCP 3-Way Handshake");
ByteBuf tcpBuf = byteBufAllocator.buffer();
try {
// Write SYN with Normal Source and Destination Address
TCPPacket.writePacket(tcpBuf, null, 0, 0, srcAddr.getPort(), dstAddr.getPort(), TCPPacket.TCPFlag.SYN);
completeTCPWrite(srcAddr, dstAddr, tcpBuf, byteBufAllocator, ctx);
// Write SYN+ACK with Reversed Source and Destination Address
TCPPacket.writePacket(tcpBuf, null, 0, 1, dstAddr.getPort(), srcAddr.getPort(), TCPPacket.TCPFlag.SYN,
TCPPacket.TCPFlag.ACK);
completeTCPWrite(dstAddr, srcAddr, tcpBuf, byteBufAllocator, ctx);
// Write ACK with Normal Source and Destination Address
TCPPacket.writePacket(tcpBuf, null, 1, 1, srcAddr.getPort(), dstAddr.getPort(), TCPPacket.TCPFlag.ACK);
completeTCPWrite(srcAddr, dstAddr, tcpBuf, byteBufAllocator, ctx);
} finally {
tcpBuf.release();
}
logger.debug("Finished Fake TCP 3-Way Handshake");
} else if (ctx.channel() instanceof DatagramChannel) {
DatagramChannel datagramChannel = (DatagramChannel) ctx.channel();
// If `DatagramChannel` is connected then we can get
// `localAddress` and `remoteAddress` from Channel.
if (datagramChannel.isConnected()) {
srcAddr = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().localAddress();
dstAddr = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().remoteAddress();
}
}
super.channelActive(ctx);
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
if (!isClosed) {
if (ctx.channel() instanceof SocketChannel) {
handleTCP(ctx, msg, false);
} else if (ctx.channel() instanceof DatagramChannel) {
handleUDP(ctx, msg);
} else {
logger.debug("Discarding Pcap Write for Unknown Channel Type: {}", ctx.channel());
}
}
super.channelRead(ctx, msg);
}
@Override
public void write(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, ChannelPromise promise) throws Exception {
if (!isClosed) {
if (ctx.channel() instanceof SocketChannel) {
handleTCP(ctx, msg, true);
} else if (ctx.channel() instanceof DatagramChannel) {
handleUDP(ctx, msg);
} else {
logger.debug("Discarding Pcap Write for Unknown Channel Type: {}", ctx.channel());
}
}
super.write(ctx, msg, promise);
}
/**
* Handle TCP L4
*
* @param ctx {@link ChannelHandlerContext} for {@link ByteBuf} allocation and
* {@code fireExceptionCaught}
* @param msg {@link Object} must be {@link ByteBuf} else it'll be discarded
* @param isWriteOperation Set {@code true} if we have to process packet when packets are being sent out
* else set {@code false}
*/
private void handleTCP(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg, boolean isWriteOperation) {
if (msg instanceof ByteBuf) {
// If bytes are 0 and `captureZeroByte` is false, we won't capture this.
if (((ByteBuf) msg).readableBytes() == 0 && !captureZeroByte) {
logger.debug("Discarding Zero Byte TCP Packet. isWriteOperation {}", isWriteOperation);
return;
}
ByteBufAllocator byteBufAllocator = ctx.alloc();
ByteBuf packet = ((ByteBuf) msg).duplicate();
ByteBuf tcpBuf = byteBufAllocator.buffer();
int bytes = packet.readableBytes();
try {
if (isWriteOperation) {
TCPPacket.writePacket(tcpBuf, packet, sendSegmentNumber, receiveSegmentNumber, srcAddr.getPort(),
dstAddr.getPort(), TCPPacket.TCPFlag.ACK);
completeTCPWrite(srcAddr, dstAddr, tcpBuf, byteBufAllocator, ctx);
logTCP(true, bytes, sendSegmentNumber, receiveSegmentNumber, srcAddr, dstAddr, false);
sendSegmentNumber += bytes;
TCPPacket.writePacket(tcpBuf, null, receiveSegmentNumber, sendSegmentNumber, dstAddr.getPort(),
srcAddr.getPort(), TCPPacket.TCPFlag.ACK);
completeTCPWrite(dstAddr, srcAddr, tcpBuf, byteBufAllocator, ctx);
logTCP(true, bytes, sendSegmentNumber, receiveSegmentNumber, dstAddr, srcAddr, true);
} else {
TCPPacket.writePacket(tcpBuf, packet, receiveSegmentNumber, sendSegmentNumber, dstAddr.getPort(),
srcAddr.getPort(), TCPPacket.TCPFlag.ACK);
completeTCPWrite(dstAddr, srcAddr, tcpBuf, byteBufAllocator, ctx);
logTCP(false, bytes, receiveSegmentNumber, sendSegmentNumber, dstAddr, srcAddr, false);
receiveSegmentNumber += bytes;
TCPPacket.writePacket(tcpBuf, null, sendSegmentNumber, receiveSegmentNumber, srcAddr.getPort(),
dstAddr.getPort(), TCPPacket.TCPFlag.ACK);
completeTCPWrite(srcAddr, dstAddr, tcpBuf, byteBufAllocator, ctx);
logTCP(false, bytes, sendSegmentNumber, receiveSegmentNumber, srcAddr, dstAddr, true);
}
} finally {
tcpBuf.release();
}
} else {
logger.debug("Discarding Pcap Write for TCP Object: {}", msg);
}
}
/**
* Write TCP/IP L3 and L2 here.
*
* @param srcAddr {@link InetSocketAddress} Source Address of this Packet
* @param dstAddr {@link InetSocketAddress} Destination Address of this Packet
* @param tcpBuf {@link ByteBuf} containing TCP L4 Data
* @param byteBufAllocator {@link ByteBufAllocator} for allocating bytes for TCP/IP L3 and L2 data.
* @param ctx {@link ChannelHandlerContext} for {@code fireExceptionCaught}
*/
private void completeTCPWrite(InetSocketAddress srcAddr, InetSocketAddress dstAddr, ByteBuf tcpBuf,
ByteBufAllocator byteBufAllocator, ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ByteBuf ipBuf = byteBufAllocator.buffer();
ByteBuf ethernetBuf = byteBufAllocator.buffer();
ByteBuf pcap = byteBufAllocator.buffer();
try {
if (srcAddr.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address && dstAddr.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) {
IPPacket.writeTCPv4(ipBuf, tcpBuf,
NetUtil.ipv4AddressToInt((Inet4Address) srcAddr.getAddress()),
NetUtil.ipv4AddressToInt((Inet4Address) dstAddr.getAddress()));
EthernetPacket.writeIPv4(ethernetBuf, ipBuf);
} else if (srcAddr.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address && dstAddr.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address) {
IPPacket.writeTCPv6(ipBuf, tcpBuf,
srcAddr.getAddress().getAddress(),
dstAddr.getAddress().getAddress());
EthernetPacket.writeIPv6(ethernetBuf, ipBuf);
} else {
logger.error("Source and Destination IP Address versions are not same. Source Address: {}, " +
"Destination Address: {}", srcAddr.getAddress(), dstAddr.getAddress());
return;
}
// Write Packet into Pcap
pCapWriter.writePacket(pcap, ethernetBuf);
} catch (IOException ex) {
logger.error("Caught Exception While Writing Packet into Pcap", ex);
ctx.fireExceptionCaught(ex);
} finally {
ipBuf.release();
ethernetBuf.release();
pcap.release();
}
}
/**
* Logger for TCP
*/
private void logTCP(boolean isWriteOperation, int bytes, int sendSegmentNumber, int receiveSegmentNumber,
InetSocketAddress srcAddr, InetSocketAddress dstAddr, boolean ackOnly) {
// If `ackOnly` is `true` when we don't need to write any data so we'll not
// log number of bytes being written and mark the operation as "TCP ACK".
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
if (ackOnly) {
logger.debug("Writing TCP ACK, isWriteOperation {}, Segment Number {}, Ack Number {}, Src Addr {}, "
+ "Dst Addr {}", isWriteOperation, sendSegmentNumber, receiveSegmentNumber, dstAddr, srcAddr);
} else {
logger.debug("Writing TCP Data of {} Bytes, isWriteOperation {}, Segment Number {}, Ack Number {}, " +
"Src Addr {}, Dst Addr {}", bytes, isWriteOperation, sendSegmentNumber,
receiveSegmentNumber, srcAddr, dstAddr);
}
}
}
/**
* Handle UDP l4
*
* @param ctx {@link ChannelHandlerContext} for {@code localAddress} / {@code remoteAddress},
* {@link ByteBuf} allocation and {@code fireExceptionCaught}
* @param msg {@link DatagramPacket} or {@link DatagramChannel}
*/
private void handleUDP(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
ByteBuf udpBuf = ctx.alloc().buffer();
try {
if (msg instanceof DatagramPacket) {
// If bytes are 0 and `captureZeroByte` is false, we won't capture this.
if (((DatagramPacket) msg).content().readableBytes() == 0 && !captureZeroByte) {
logger.debug("Discarding Zero Byte UDP Packet");
return;
}
DatagramPacket datagramPacket = ((DatagramPacket) msg).duplicate();
InetSocketAddress srcAddr = datagramPacket.sender();
InetSocketAddress dstAddr = datagramPacket.recipient();
// If `datagramPacket.sender()` is `null` then DatagramPacket is initialized
// `sender` (local) address. In this case, we'll get source address from Channel.
if (srcAddr == null) {
srcAddr = (InetSocketAddress) ctx.channel().localAddress();
}
logger.debug("Writing UDP Data of {} Bytes, Src Addr {}, Dst Addr {}",
datagramPacket.content().readableBytes(), srcAddr, dstAddr);
UDPPacket.writePacket(udpBuf, datagramPacket.content(), srcAddr.getPort(), dstAddr.getPort());
completeUDPWrite(srcAddr, dstAddr, udpBuf, ctx.alloc(), ctx);
} else if (msg instanceof ByteBuf && ((DatagramChannel) ctx.channel()).isConnected()) {
// If bytes are 0 and `captureZeroByte` is false, we won't capture this.
if (((ByteBuf) msg).readableBytes() == 0 && !captureZeroByte) {
logger.debug("Discarding Zero Byte UDP Packet");
return;
}
ByteBuf byteBuf = ((ByteBuf) msg).duplicate();
logger.debug("Writing UDP Data of {} Bytes, Src Addr {}, Dst Addr {}",
byteBuf.readableBytes(), srcAddr, dstAddr);
UDPPacket.writePacket(udpBuf, byteBuf, srcAddr.getPort(), dstAddr.getPort());
completeUDPWrite(srcAddr, dstAddr, udpBuf, ctx.alloc(), ctx);
} else {
logger.debug("Discarding Pcap Write for UDP Object: {}", msg);
}
} finally {
udpBuf.release();
}
}
/**
* Write UDP/IP L3 and L2 here.
*
* @param srcAddr {@link InetSocketAddress} Source Address of this Packet
* @param dstAddr {@link InetSocketAddress} Destination Address of this Packet
* @param udpBuf {@link ByteBuf} containing UDP L4 Data
* @param byteBufAllocator {@link ByteBufAllocator} for allocating bytes for UDP/IP L3 and L2 data.
* @param ctx {@link ChannelHandlerContext} for {@code fireExceptionCaught}
*/
private void completeUDPWrite(InetSocketAddress srcAddr, InetSocketAddress dstAddr, ByteBuf udpBuf,
ByteBufAllocator byteBufAllocator, ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
ByteBuf ipBuf = byteBufAllocator.buffer();
ByteBuf ethernetBuf = byteBufAllocator.buffer();
ByteBuf pcap = byteBufAllocator.buffer();
try {
if (srcAddr.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address && dstAddr.getAddress() instanceof Inet4Address) {
IPPacket.writeUDPv4(ipBuf, udpBuf,
NetUtil.ipv4AddressToInt((Inet4Address) srcAddr.getAddress()),
NetUtil.ipv4AddressToInt((Inet4Address) dstAddr.getAddress()));
EthernetPacket.writeIPv4(ethernetBuf, ipBuf);
} else if (srcAddr.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address && dstAddr.getAddress() instanceof Inet6Address) {
IPPacket.writeUDPv6(ipBuf, udpBuf,
srcAddr.getAddress().getAddress(),
dstAddr.getAddress().getAddress());
EthernetPacket.writeIPv6(ethernetBuf, ipBuf);
} else {
logger.error("Source and Destination IP Address versions are not same. Source Address: {}, " +
"Destination Address: {}", srcAddr.getAddress(), dstAddr.getAddress());
return;
}
// Write Packet into Pcap
pCapWriter.writePacket(pcap, ethernetBuf);
} catch (IOException ex) {
logger.error("Caught Exception While Writing Packet into Pcap", ex);
ctx.fireExceptionCaught(ex);
} finally {
ipBuf.release();
ethernetBuf.release();
pcap.release();
}
}
@Override
public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
// If `isTCP` is true, then we'll simulate a `FIN` flow.
if (ctx.channel() instanceof SocketChannel) {
logger.debug("Starting Fake TCP FIN+ACK Flow to close connection");
ByteBufAllocator byteBufAllocator = ctx.alloc();
ByteBuf tcpBuf = byteBufAllocator.buffer();
try {
// Write FIN+ACK with Normal Source and Destination Address
TCPPacket.writePacket(tcpBuf, null, sendSegmentNumber, receiveSegmentNumber, srcAddr.getPort(),
dstAddr.getPort(), TCPPacket.TCPFlag.FIN, TCPPacket.TCPFlag.ACK);
completeTCPWrite(srcAddr, dstAddr, tcpBuf, byteBufAllocator, ctx);
// Write FIN+ACK with Reversed Source and Destination Address
TCPPacket.writePacket(tcpBuf, null, receiveSegmentNumber, sendSegmentNumber, dstAddr.getPort(),
srcAddr.getPort(), TCPPacket.TCPFlag.FIN, TCPPacket.TCPFlag.ACK);
completeTCPWrite(dstAddr, srcAddr, tcpBuf, byteBufAllocator, ctx);
// Write ACK with Normal Source and Destination Address
TCPPacket.writePacket(tcpBuf, null, sendSegmentNumber + 1, receiveSegmentNumber + 1,
srcAddr.getPort(), dstAddr.getPort(), TCPPacket.TCPFlag.ACK);
completeTCPWrite(srcAddr, dstAddr, tcpBuf, byteBufAllocator, ctx);
} finally {
tcpBuf.release();
}
logger.debug("Finished Fake TCP FIN+ACK Flow to close connection");
}
close();
super.handlerRemoved(ctx);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
if (ctx.channel() instanceof SocketChannel) {
ByteBuf tcpBuf = ctx.alloc().buffer();
try {
// Write RST with Normal Source and Destination Address
TCPPacket.writePacket(tcpBuf, null, sendSegmentNumber, receiveSegmentNumber, srcAddr.getPort(),
dstAddr.getPort(), TCPPacket.TCPFlag.RST, TCPPacket.TCPFlag.ACK);
completeTCPWrite(srcAddr, dstAddr, tcpBuf, ctx.alloc(), ctx);
} finally {
tcpBuf.release();
}
logger.debug("Sent Fake TCP RST to close connection");
}
close();
ctx.fireExceptionCaught(cause);
}
/**
* Close {@code PcapWriter} and {@link OutputStream}.
* Note: Calling this method does not close {@link PcapWriteHandler}.
* Only Pcap Writes are closed.
*
* @throws IOException If {@link OutputStream#close()} throws an exception
*/
@Override
public void close() throws IOException {
if (isClosed) {
logger.debug("PcapWriterHandler is already closed");
} else {
isClosed = true;
pCapWriter.close();
logger.debug("PcapWriterHandler is now closed");
}
}
}