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/*
 * Copyright (C) 2012 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.google.common.collect;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;

import com.google.common.annotations.Beta;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Function;
import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Queue;

/**
 * Views elements of a type {@code T} as nodes in a tree, and provides methods to traverse the trees
 * induced by this traverser.
 *
 * 

For example, the tree * *

{@code
 *        h
 *      / | \
 *     /  e  \
 *    d       g
 *   /|\      |
 *  / | \     f
 * a  b  c
 * }
* *

can be iterated over in preorder (hdabcegf), postorder (abcdefgh), or breadth-first order * (hdegabcf). * *

Null nodes are strictly forbidden. * *

For Java 8 users: Because this is an abstract class, not an interface, you can't use a * lambda expression to extend it: * *

{@code
 * // won't work
 * TreeTraverser traverser = node -> node.getChildNodes();
 * }
* * Instead, you can pass a lambda expression to the {@code using} factory method: * *
{@code
 * TreeTraverser traverser = TreeTraverser.using(node -> node.getChildNodes());
 * }
* * @author Louis Wasserman * @since 15.0 * @deprecated Use {@link com.google.common.graph.Traverser} instead. All instance methods have * their equivalent on the result of {@code Traverser.forTree(tree)} where {@code tree} * implements {@code SuccessorsFunction}, which has a similar API as {@link #children} or can be * the same lambda function as passed into {@link #using(Function)}. *

This class is scheduled to be removed in October 2019. */ // TODO(b/68134636): Remove by 2019-10 @Deprecated @Beta @GwtCompatible public abstract class TreeTraverser { /** * Returns a tree traverser that uses the given function to navigate from a node to its children. * This is useful if the function instance already exists, or so that you can supply a lambda * expressions. If those circumstances don't apply, you probably don't need to use this; subclass * {@code TreeTraverser} and implement its {@link #children} method directly. * * @since 20.0 * @deprecated Use {@link com.google.common.graph.Traverser#forTree} instead. If you are using a * lambda, these methods have exactly the same signature. */ @Deprecated public static TreeTraverser using( final Function> nodeToChildrenFunction) { checkNotNull(nodeToChildrenFunction); return new TreeTraverser() { @Override public Iterable children(T root) { return nodeToChildrenFunction.apply(root); } }; } /** Returns the children of the specified node. Must not contain null. */ public abstract Iterable children(T root); /** * Returns an unmodifiable iterable over the nodes in a tree structure, using pre-order traversal. * That is, each node's subtrees are traversed after the node itself is returned. * *

No guarantees are made about the behavior of the traversal when nodes change while iteration * is in progress or when the iterators generated by {@link #children} are advanced. * * @deprecated Use {@link com.google.common.graph.Traverser#depthFirstPreOrder} instead, which has * the same behavior. */ @Deprecated public final FluentIterable preOrderTraversal(final T root) { checkNotNull(root); return new FluentIterable() { @Override public UnmodifiableIterator iterator() { return preOrderIterator(root); } }; } UnmodifiableIterator preOrderIterator(T root) { return new PreOrderIterator(root); } private final class PreOrderIterator extends UnmodifiableIterator { private final Deque> stack; PreOrderIterator(T root) { this.stack = new ArrayDeque<>(); stack.addLast(Iterators.singletonIterator(checkNotNull(root))); } @Override public boolean hasNext() { return !stack.isEmpty(); } @Override public T next() { Iterator itr = stack.getLast(); // throws NSEE if empty T result = checkNotNull(itr.next()); if (!itr.hasNext()) { stack.removeLast(); } Iterator childItr = children(result).iterator(); if (childItr.hasNext()) { stack.addLast(childItr); } return result; } } /** * Returns an unmodifiable iterable over the nodes in a tree structure, using post-order * traversal. That is, each node's subtrees are traversed before the node itself is returned. * *

No guarantees are made about the behavior of the traversal when nodes change while iteration * is in progress or when the iterators generated by {@link #children} are advanced. * * @deprecated Use {@link com.google.common.graph.Traverser#depthFirstPostOrder} instead, which * has the same behavior. */ @Deprecated public final FluentIterable postOrderTraversal(final T root) { checkNotNull(root); return new FluentIterable() { @Override public UnmodifiableIterator iterator() { return postOrderIterator(root); } }; } UnmodifiableIterator postOrderIterator(T root) { return new PostOrderIterator(root); } private static final class PostOrderNode { final T root; final Iterator childIterator; PostOrderNode(T root, Iterator childIterator) { this.root = checkNotNull(root); this.childIterator = checkNotNull(childIterator); } } private final class PostOrderIterator extends AbstractIterator { private final ArrayDeque> stack; PostOrderIterator(T root) { this.stack = new ArrayDeque<>(); stack.addLast(expand(root)); } @Override protected T computeNext() { while (!stack.isEmpty()) { PostOrderNode top = stack.getLast(); if (top.childIterator.hasNext()) { T child = top.childIterator.next(); stack.addLast(expand(child)); } else { stack.removeLast(); return top.root; } } return endOfData(); } private PostOrderNode expand(T t) { return new PostOrderNode(t, children(t).iterator()); } } /** * Returns an unmodifiable iterable over the nodes in a tree structure, using breadth-first * traversal. That is, all the nodes of depth 0 are returned, then depth 1, then 2, and so on. * *

No guarantees are made about the behavior of the traversal when nodes change while iteration * is in progress or when the iterators generated by {@link #children} are advanced. * * @deprecated Use {@link com.google.common.graph.Traverser#breadthFirst} instead, which has the * same behavior. */ @Deprecated public final FluentIterable breadthFirstTraversal(final T root) { checkNotNull(root); return new FluentIterable() { @Override public UnmodifiableIterator iterator() { return new BreadthFirstIterator(root); } }; } private final class BreadthFirstIterator extends UnmodifiableIterator implements PeekingIterator { private final Queue queue; BreadthFirstIterator(T root) { this.queue = new ArrayDeque(); queue.add(root); } @Override public boolean hasNext() { return !queue.isEmpty(); } @Override public T peek() { return queue.element(); } @Override public T next() { T result = queue.remove(); Iterables.addAll(queue, children(result)); return result; } } }





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