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/*
 * Copyright 2016 The Netty Project
 *
 * The Netty Project licenses this file to you under the Apache License, version
 * 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the
 * License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 * https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */
package io.netty.handler.flow;

import java.util.ArrayDeque;
import java.util.Queue;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelConfig;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelDuplexHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.MessageToByteEncoder;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;
import io.netty.util.internal.ObjectPool;
import io.netty.util.internal.ObjectPool.Handle;
import io.netty.util.internal.ObjectPool.ObjectCreator;
import io.netty.util.internal.logging.InternalLogger;
import io.netty.util.internal.logging.InternalLoggerFactory;

/**
 * The {@link FlowControlHandler} ensures that only one message per {@code read()} is sent downstream.
 *
 * Classes such as {@link ByteToMessageDecoder} or {@link MessageToByteEncoder} are free to emit as
 * many events as they like for any given input. A channel's auto reading configuration doesn't usually
 * apply in these scenarios. This is causing problems in downstream {@link ChannelHandler}s that would
 * like to hold subsequent events while they're processing one event. It's a common problem with the
 * {@code HttpObjectDecoder} that will very often fire an {@code HttpRequest} that is immediately followed
 * by a {@code LastHttpContent} event.
 *
 * 
{@code
 * ChannelPipeline pipeline = ...;
 *
 * pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
 * pipeline.addLast(new FlowControlHandler());
 *
 * pipeline.addLast(new MyExampleHandler());
 *
 * class MyExampleHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
 *   @Override
 *   public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {
 *     if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) {
 *       ctx.channel().config().setAutoRead(false);
 *
 *       // The FlowControlHandler will hold any subsequent events that
 *       // were emitted by HttpObjectDecoder until auto reading is turned
 *       // back on or Channel#read() is being called.
 *     }
 *   }
 * }
 * }
* * @see ChannelConfig#setAutoRead(boolean) */ public class FlowControlHandler extends ChannelDuplexHandler { private static final InternalLogger logger = InternalLoggerFactory.getInstance(FlowControlHandler.class); private final boolean releaseMessages; private RecyclableArrayDeque queue; private ChannelConfig config; private boolean shouldConsume; public FlowControlHandler() { this(true); } public FlowControlHandler(boolean releaseMessages) { this.releaseMessages = releaseMessages; } /** * Determine if the underlying {@link Queue} is empty. This method exists for * testing, debugging and inspection purposes and it is not Thread safe! */ boolean isQueueEmpty() { return queue == null || queue.isEmpty(); } /** * Releases all messages and destroys the {@link Queue}. */ private void destroy() { if (queue != null) { if (!queue.isEmpty()) { logger.trace("Non-empty queue: {}", queue); if (releaseMessages) { Object msg; while ((msg = queue.poll()) != null) { ReferenceCountUtil.safeRelease(msg); } } } queue.recycle(); queue = null; } } @Override public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { config = ctx.channel().config(); } @Override public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { super.handlerRemoved(ctx); if (!isQueueEmpty()) { dequeue(ctx, queue.size()); } destroy(); } @Override public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { destroy(); ctx.fireChannelInactive(); } @Override public void read(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { if (dequeue(ctx, 1) == 0) { // It seems no messages were consumed. We need to read() some // messages from upstream and once one arrives it need to be // relayed to downstream to keep the flow going. shouldConsume = true; ctx.read(); } } @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { if (queue == null) { queue = RecyclableArrayDeque.newInstance(); } queue.offer(msg); // We just received one message. Do we need to relay it regardless // of the auto reading configuration? The answer is yes if this // method was called as a result of a prior read() call. int minConsume = shouldConsume ? 1 : 0; shouldConsume = false; dequeue(ctx, minConsume); } @Override public void channelReadComplete(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { if (isQueueEmpty()) { ctx.fireChannelReadComplete(); } else { // Don't relay completion events from upstream as they // make no sense in this context. See dequeue() where // a new set of completion events is being produced. } } /** * Dequeues one or many (or none) messages depending on the channel's auto * reading state and returns the number of messages that were consumed from * the internal queue. * * The {@code minConsume} argument is used to force {@code dequeue()} into * consuming that number of messages regardless of the channel's auto * reading configuration. * * @see #read(ChannelHandlerContext) * @see #channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext, Object) */ private int dequeue(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, int minConsume) { int consumed = 0; // fireChannelRead(...) may call ctx.read() and so this method may reentrance. Because of this we need to // check if queue was set to null in the meantime and if so break the loop. while (queue != null && (consumed < minConsume || config.isAutoRead())) { Object msg = queue.poll(); if (msg == null) { break; } ++consumed; ctx.fireChannelRead(msg); } // We're firing a completion event every time one (or more) // messages were consumed and the queue ended up being drained // to an empty state. if (queue != null && queue.isEmpty()) { queue.recycle(); queue = null; if (consumed > 0) { ctx.fireChannelReadComplete(); } } return consumed; } /** * A recyclable {@link ArrayDeque}. */ private static final class RecyclableArrayDeque extends ArrayDeque { private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L; /** * A value of {@code 2} should be a good choice for most scenarios. */ private static final int DEFAULT_NUM_ELEMENTS = 2; private static final ObjectPool RECYCLER = ObjectPool.newPool( new ObjectCreator() { @Override public RecyclableArrayDeque newObject(Handle handle) { return new RecyclableArrayDeque(DEFAULT_NUM_ELEMENTS, handle); } }); public static RecyclableArrayDeque newInstance() { return RECYCLER.get(); } private final Handle handle; private RecyclableArrayDeque(int numElements, Handle handle) { super(numElements); this.handle = handle; } public void recycle() { clear(); handle.recycle(this); } } }