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The Apache Commons Codec component contains encoders and decoders for various formats such as Base16, Base32, Base64, digest, and Hexadecimal. In addition to these widely used encoders and decoders, the codec package also maintains a collection of phonetic encoding utilities. This is a port for GWT, which enables program, to use Apache Commons Codec also in the frontend compiled by the gwt compiler to java-script.
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/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.apache.commons.codec.language.bm;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.EnumMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;

import org.gwtproject.core.shared.GwtIncompatible;
import org.gwtproject.regexp.shared.RegExp;
import org.apache.commons.codec.Resources;

/**
 * Language guessing utility.
 * 
 * This class encapsulates rules used to guess the possible languages that a word originates from. This is
 * done by reference to a whole series of rules distributed in resource files.
 * 

 * Instances of this class are typically managed through the static factory method instance().
 * Unless you are developing your own language guessing rules, you will not need to interact with this class directly.
 * 

 * This class is intended to be immutable and thread-safe.
 * 

 * Lang resources
 * 

 * Language guessing rules are typically loaded from resource files. These are UTF-8 encoded text files.
 * They are systematically named following the pattern:
 * 
org/apache/commons/codec/language/bm/lang.txt
 * The format of these resources is the following:
 * 
 * Rules: whitespace separated strings.
 * There should be 3 columns to each row, and these will be interpreted as:
 * 
 * pattern: a regular expression.
 * languages: a '+'-separated list of languages.
 * acceptOnMatch: 'true' or 'false' indicating if a match rules in or rules out the language.
 * 
 * 
 * End-of-line comments: Any occurrence of '//' will cause all text following on that line to be
 * discarded as a comment.
 * Multi-line comments: Any line starting with '/*' will start multi-line commenting mode.
 * This will skip all content until a line ending in '*' and '/' is found.
 * Blank lines: All blank lines will be skipped.
 * 
 * 
 * Port of lang.php
 *
 * @since 1.6
 */
public class Lang {
    // Implementation note: This class is divided into two sections. The first part is a static factory interface that
    // exposes the LANGUAGE_RULES_RN resource as a Lang instance. The second part is the Lang instance methods that
    // encapsulate a particular language-guessing rule table and the language guessing itself.
    //
    // It may make sense in the future to expose the private constructor to allow power users to build custom language-
    // guessing rules, perhaps by marking it protected and allowing sub-classing. However, the vast majority of users
    // should be strongly encouraged to use the static factory {@code instance} method to get their Lang instances.

    private static final class LangRule {
        private final boolean acceptOnMatch;
        private final Set languages;
        private final RegExp pattern;

        private LangRule(final RegExp pattern, final Set languages, final boolean acceptOnMatch) {
            this.pattern = pattern;
            this.languages = languages;
            this.acceptOnMatch = acceptOnMatch;
        }

        public boolean matches(final String txt) {
            return this.pattern.test(txt);
        }
    }

    private static final Map Langs = new EnumMap<>(NameType.class);

    private static final String LANGUAGE_RULES_RN = "org/apache/commons/codec/language/bm/%s_lang.txt";

    static {
        for (final NameType s : NameType.values()) {
            Langs.put(s, loadFromResource(s, Languages.getInstance(s)));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets a Lang instance for one of the supported NameTypes.
     *
     * @param nameType
     *            the NameType to look up
     * @return a Lang encapsulating the language guessing rules for that name type
     */
    public static Lang instance(final NameType nameType) {
        return Langs.get(nameType);
    }

    /**
     * Loads language rules from a resource.
     * 

     * In normal use, you will obtain instances of Lang through the {@link #instance(NameType)} method.
     * You will only need to call this yourself if you are developing custom language mapping rules.
     *
     * @param languageRulesResourceName
     *            the fully-qualified resource name to load
     * @param languages
     *            the languages that these rules will support
     * @return a Lang encapsulating the loaded language-guessing rules.
     */
    public static Lang loadFromResource(final NameType languageRulesResourceName, final Languages languages) {
        final List rules = new ArrayList();
        switch (languageRulesResourceName) {
            case ASHKENAZI:
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("zh"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "russian", "german", "english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("eau"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("[aoeiuäöü]h"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^vogel"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german,")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("vogel$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("witz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("tz$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "russian", "english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^tz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian", "english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("güe"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("güi"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ghe"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ghi"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("vici$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("schi$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("chsch"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("tsch"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ssch"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("sch$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^sch"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^rz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("rz$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("[^aoeiuäöü]rz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("rz[^aoeiuäöü]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cki$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ska$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cka$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ue"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ae"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "russian", "english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("oe"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "french", "russian", "english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("th$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^th"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("th[^aoeiu]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("mann"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cy"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("niew"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("stein"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("heim$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("heimer$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ii$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("iy$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("yy$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("yi$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("yj$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ij$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gaus$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gauz$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gauz$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("goltz$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gol'tz$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("golts$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gol'ts$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^goltz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^gol'tz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^golts"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^gol'ts"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gendler$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gejmer$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gejm$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("geimer$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("geim$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("geymer"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("geym$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gof$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("thal"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("zweig"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ck$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("c$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "romanian", "hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("sz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gue"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish", "french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gui"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish", "french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("guy"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cs$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^cs"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("dzs"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("zs$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^zs"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^wl"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^wr"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "english", "german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gy$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gy[aeou]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gy"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ly"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "russian", "polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ny"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "russian", "polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ty"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "russian", "polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("â"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian", "french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ă"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("à"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ä"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("á"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ą"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ć"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ç"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ę"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("é"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "hungarian", "spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("è"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ê"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("í"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("î"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian", "french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ł"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ń"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ñ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ó"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "hungarian", "spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ö"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("õ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ş"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ś"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ţ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ü"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ù"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ű"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ú"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ź"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ż"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ß"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("а"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ё"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("о"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("е"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("и"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("у"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ы"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("э"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ю"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("я"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("א"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ב"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ג"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("ebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ד"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ה"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ו"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ז"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ח"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ט"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("י"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("כ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ל"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("מ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("נ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ס"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ע"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("פ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("צ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true)); 
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ק"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ר"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ש"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ת"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("a"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("o"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("e"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("i"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("y"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew", "romanian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("u"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("v[^aoeiuäüö]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("y[^aoeiu]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("c[^aohk]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("dzi"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english", "french")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ou"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("aj"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english", "french")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ej"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english", "french")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("oj"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english", "french")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("uj"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english", "french")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("k"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("v"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ky"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("eu"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian", "polish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("w"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "romanian", "spanish", "hungarian", "russian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("kie"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "spanish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gie"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "romanian", "spanish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("q"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "polish", "russian", "romanian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("sch"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "polish", "french", "spanish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^h"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), false));
                break;
            case GENERIC:
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^o’"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^o'"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^mc"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^fitz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ceau"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("eau"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("eau$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("eaux$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ault$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("oult$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("eux$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("eix$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("glou$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("uu"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("dutch")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("tx"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("witz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("tz$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "russian", "english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^tz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian", "english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("poulos$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("pulos$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("iou"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("sj$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("dutch")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^sj"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("dutch")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("güe"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("güi"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ghe"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ghi"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("escu$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("esco$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("vici$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("schi$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ii$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("iy$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("yy$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("yi$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^rz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("rz$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("[bcdfgklmnpstwz]rz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("rz[bcdfghklmnpstw]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cki$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ska$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cka$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ae"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "russian", "english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("oe"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "french", "russian", "english", "dutch")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("th$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^th"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("mann"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cy"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("niew"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("etti$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("eti$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ati$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ato$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("[aoei]no$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("[aoei]ni$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("esi$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("oli$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("field$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("stein"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("heim$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("heimer$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("thal"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("zweig"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("[aeou]h"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("äh"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("öh"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("üh"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("[ln]h[ao]$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("[ln]h[aou]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese", "french", "german", "dutch", "czech", "spanish", "turkish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("chsch"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("tsch"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("sch$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^sch"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "russian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ck$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("c$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "romanian", "hungarian", "czech", "turkish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("sz"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cs$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^cs"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("dzs"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("zs$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^zs"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^wl"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^wr"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "english", "german", "dutch")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gy$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gy[aeou]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gy"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "russian", "french", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("guy"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gu[ei]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish", "french", "portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gu[ao]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish", "portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gi[aou]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ly"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "russian", "polish", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ny"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "russian", "polish", "spanish", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ty"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "russian", "polish", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ć"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ç"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "spanish", "portuguese", "turkish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("č"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("czech")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ď"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("czech")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ğ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("turkish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ł"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ń"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ñ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ň"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("czech")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ř"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("czech")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ś"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ş"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian", "turkish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("š"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("czech")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ţ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ť"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("czech")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ź"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ż"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ß"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ä"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("á"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "spanish", "portuguese", "czech", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("â"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian", "french", "portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ă"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ą"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("à"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ã"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ę"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("é"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "hungarian", "czech", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("è"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "spanish", "italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ê"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ě"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("czech")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ê"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("í"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "spanish", "portuguese", "czech", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("î"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian", "french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ı"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("turkish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ó"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish", "hungarian", "spanish", "italian", "portuguese", "czech", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ö"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "hungarian", "turkish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ô"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("õ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese", "hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ò"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian", "spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ű"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ú"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "spanish", "portuguese", "czech", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ü"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "hungarian", "spanish", "portuguese", "turkish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ù"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ů"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("czech")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ý"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("czech", "greeklatin")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("а"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ё"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("о"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("е"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("и"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("у"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ы"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("э"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ю"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("я"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("α"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("greek")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ε"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("greek")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("η"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("greek")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ι"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("greek")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ο"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("greek")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("υ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("greek")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ω"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("greek")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ا"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ب"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ت"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ث"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ج"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ح"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("خ'"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("د"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ذ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ر"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ز"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("س"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ش"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ص"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ض"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ط"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ظ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ع"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("غ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ف"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ق"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ك"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ل"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("م"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ن"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ه"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("و"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ي"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("آ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("إ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("أ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ؤ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ئ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("لا"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("arabic")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("א"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ב"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ג"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ד"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ה"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ו"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ז"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ח"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ט"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("י"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("כ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ל"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("מ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("נ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ס"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ע"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("פ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("צ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true)); 
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ק"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ר"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ש"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ת"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("a"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew", "greek", "arabic")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("o"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew", "greek", "arabic")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("e"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew", "greek", "arabic")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("i"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew", "greek", "arabic")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("y"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew", "greek", "arabic", "romanian", "dutch")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("u"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("cyrillic", "hebrew", "greek", "arabic")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("j"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("j[^aoeiuy]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "spanish", "portuguese", "greeklatin")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("g"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("czech")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("k"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("romanian", "spanish", "portuguese", "french", "italian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("q"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "polish", "russian", "romanian", "czech", "dutch", "turkish", "greeklatin")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("v"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("w"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "romanian", "spanish", "hungarian", "russian", "czech", "turkish", "greeklatin")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("x"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("czech", "hungarian", "dutch", "turkish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("dj"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish", "turkish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("v[^aoeiu]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("y[^aoeiu]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("c[^aohk]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("dzi"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english", "french", "turkish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ou"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("a[eiou]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("turkish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ö[eaiou]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("turkish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ü[eaiou]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("turkish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("e[aiou]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("turkish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("i[aeou]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("turkish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("o[aieu]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("turkish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("u[aieo]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("turkish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("aj"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english", "french", "dutch")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ej"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english", "french", "dutch")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("oj"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english", "french", "dutch")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("uj"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german", "english", "french", "dutch")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("eu"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian", "polish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ky"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("polish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("kie"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "spanish", "greeklatin")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gie"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese", "romanian", "spanish", "greeklatin")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ch[aou]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ch"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("turkish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("son$"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("german")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("sc[ei]"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("sch"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hungarian", "polish", "french", "spanish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("^h"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("russian")), false));
                break;
            case SEPHARDIC:
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("eau"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ou"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gni"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian", "french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("tx"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("tj"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gy"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("guy"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("sh"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish", "portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("lh"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("nh"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ny"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gue"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish", "french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gui"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish", "french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gia"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gie"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gio"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("giu"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ñ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("â"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese", "french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("á"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese", "spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("à"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ã"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ê"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("í"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese", "spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("î"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ô"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french", "portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("õ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ò"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian", "spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ú"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese", "spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ù"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ü"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese", "spanish")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("א"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ב"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ג"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ד"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ה"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ו"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ז"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ח"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ט"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("י"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("כ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ל"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("מ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("נ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ס"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ע"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("פ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("צ"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ק"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ר"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ש"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ת"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), true));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("a"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("o"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("e"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("i"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("y"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("u"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("hebrew")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("kh"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("gua"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("guo"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ç"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cha"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("cho"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("chu"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("j"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("italian")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("dj"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("spanish")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("sce"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("sci"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("ó"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("french")), false));
                rules.add(new LangRule(RegExp.compile("è"), new HashSet(Arrays.asList("portuguese")), false));
                break;
            default:
                break;
                
        }
        return new Lang(rules, languages);
    }

    /**
     * Loads language rules from a resource.
     * 
     * In normal use, you will obtain instances of Lang through the {@link #instance(NameType)} method.
     * You will only need to call this yourself if you are developing custom language mapping rules.
     *
     * @param languageRulesResourceName
     *            the fully-qualified resource name to load
     * @param languages
     *            the languages that these rules will support
     * @return a Lang encapsulating the loaded language-guessing rules.
     */
    @GwtIncompatible("incompatible method")
    public static Lang loadFromResource(final String languageRulesResourceName, final Languages languages) {
        final List rules = new ArrayList<>();
        try (final Scanner scanner = new Scanner(Resources.getInputStream(languageRulesResourceName),
                ResourceConstants.ENCODING)) {
            boolean inExtendedComment = false;
            while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
                final String rawLine = scanner.nextLine();
                String line = rawLine;
                if (inExtendedComment) {
                    // check for closing comment marker, otherwise discard doc comment line
                    if (line.endsWith(ResourceConstants.EXT_CMT_END)) {
                        inExtendedComment = false;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (line.startsWith(ResourceConstants.EXT_CMT_START)) {
                        inExtendedComment = true;
                    } else {
                        // discard comments
                        final int cmtI = line.indexOf(ResourceConstants.CMT);
                        if (cmtI >= 0) {
                            line = line.substring(0, cmtI);
                        }

                        // trim leading-trailing whitespace
                        line = line.trim();

                        if (line.length() == 0) {
                            continue; // empty lines can be safely skipped
                        }

                        // split it up
                        final String[] parts = line.split("\\s+");

                        if (parts.length != 3) {
                            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Malformed line '" + rawLine +
                                    "' in language resource '" + languageRulesResourceName + "'");
                        }

                        final RegExp pattern = RegExp.compile(parts[0]);
                        final String[] langs = parts[1].split("\\+");
                        final boolean accept = parts[2].equals("true");

                        rules.add(new LangRule(pattern, new HashSet<>(Arrays.asList(langs)), accept));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return new Lang(rules, languages);
    }

    private final Languages languages;
    private final List rules;

    private Lang(final List rules, final Languages languages) {
        this.rules = Collections.unmodifiableList(rules);
        this.languages = languages;
    }

    /**
     * Guesses the language of a word.
     *
     * @param text
     *            the word
     * @return the language that the word originates from or {@link Languages#ANY} if there was no unique match
     */
    public String guessLanguage(final String text) {
        final Languages.LanguageSet ls = guessLanguages(text);
        return ls.isSingleton() ? ls.getAny() : Languages.ANY;
    }

    /**
     * Guesses the languages of a word.
     *
     * @param input
     *            the word
     * @return a Set of Strings of language names that are potential matches for the input word
     */
    public Languages.LanguageSet guessLanguages(final String input) {
        final String text = input.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);

        final Set langs = new HashSet<>(this.languages.getLanguages());
        for (final LangRule rule : this.rules) {
            if (rule.matches(text)) {
                if (rule.acceptOnMatch) {
                    langs.retainAll(rule.languages);
                } else {
                    langs.removeAll(rule.languages);
                }
            }
        }

        final Languages.LanguageSet ls = Languages.LanguageSet.from(langs);
        return ls.equals(Languages.NO_LANGUAGES) ? Languages.ANY_LANGUAGE : ls;
    }
}