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/*
 * Copyright 2017 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.gradle.api.artifacts;

import org.gradle.api.Describable;
import org.gradle.internal.scan.UsedByScanPlugin;

import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Represents a constraint that is used to match module versions to a dependency.
 * Each of {@link #getPreferredVersion()}, {@link #getRequiredVersion()} and {@link #getStrictVersion()} is represented by a version String,
 * that can be compared against a module version to determine if the version matches.
 *
 * Version syntax
 * 
 * Gradle supports different ways of declaring a version String:
 * 

 *     An exact version: e.g. 1.3, 1.3.0-beta3, 1.0-20150201.131010-1
 *     A Maven-style version range: e.g. [1.0,), [1.1, 2.0), (1.2, 1.5]
 *          
 *              The '[' and ']' symbols indicate an inclusive bound; '(' and ')' indicate an exclusive bound.
 *              When the upper or lower bound is missing, the range has no upper or lower bound.
 *              The symbol ']' can be used instead of '(' for an exclusive lower bound, and '[' instead of ')' for exclusive upper bound. e.g "]1.0, 2.0["
 *          
 *     
 *     A prefix version range: e.g. 1.+, 1.3.+
 *          
 *              Only versions exactly matching the portion before the '+' are included.
 *              The range '+' on it's own will include any version.
 *          
 *     
 *     A latest-status version: e.g. latest.integration, latest.release
 *         
 *             Will match the highest versioned module with the specified status. See {@link ComponentMetadata#getStatus()}.
 *         
 *     
 *     A Maven SNAPSHOT version identifier: e.g. 1.0-SNAPSHOT, 1.4.9-beta1-SNAPSHOT
 * 
 *
 * Version ordering
 *
 * Versions have an implicit ordering. Version ordering is used to:
 * 
 *     Determine if a particular version is included in a range.
 *     Determine which version is 'newest' when performing conflict resolution.
 * 
 *
 * Versions are ordered based on the following rules:
 *
 * 
 * Each version is split into it's constituent "parts":
 * 
 *     The characters [. - _ +] are used to separate the different "parts" of a version.
 *     Any part that contains both digits and letters is split into separate parts for each: `1a1 == 1.a.1`
 *     Only the parts of a version are compared. The actual separator characters are not significant: `1.a.1 == 1-a+1 == 1.a-1 == 1a1`
 * 
 * 
 * The equivalent parts of 2 versions are compared using the following rules:
 * 
 *     If both parts are numeric, the highest numeric value is higher: `1.1 {@literal <} 1.2`
 *     If one part is numeric, it is considered higher than the non-numeric part: `1.a {@literal <} 1.1`
 *     If both are not numeric, the parts are compared alphabetically, case-sensitive: `1.A {@literal <} 1.B  {@literal <} 1.a {@literal <} 1.b`
 *     An version with an extra numeric part is considered higher than a version without: `1.1 {@literal <} 1.1.0`
 *     An version with an extra non-numeric part is considered lower than a version without: `1.1.a {@literal <} 1.1`
 * 
 * 
 * Certain string values have special meaning for the purposes of ordering:
 * 
 *     The string "dev" is consider lower than any other string part: 1.0-dev {@literal <} 1.0-alpha {@literal <} 1.0-rc.
 *     The strings "rc", "release" and "final" are considered higher than any other string part (sorted in that order): 1.0-zeta {@literal <} 1.0-rc {@literal <} 1.0-release {@literal <} 1.0-final {@literal <} 1.0.
 *     The string "SNAPSHOT" has no special meaning, and is sorted alphabetically like any other string part: 1.0-alpha {@literal <} 1.0-SNAPSHOT {@literal <} 1.0-zeta {@literal <} 1.0-rc {@literal <} 1.0.
 *     Numeric snapshot versions have no special meaning, and are sorted like any other numeric part: 1.0 {@literal <} 1.0-20150201.121010-123 {@literal <} 1.1.
 * 
 * 
 * 
 *
 * @since 4.4
 */
@UsedByScanPlugin
public interface VersionConstraint extends Describable {
    /**
     * The branch to select versions from. When not {@code null} selects only those versions that were built from the specified branch.
     *
     * @since 4.6
     */
    @Nullable
    String getBranch();

    /**
     * The required version of a module (which may be an exact version or a version range).
     *
     * The required version of a module can typically be upgraded during dependency resolution, but not downgraded.
     *
     * @return the required version, or empty string if no required version specified. Never null.
     */
    String getRequiredVersion();

    /**
     * The preferred version of a module (which may be an exact version or a version range).
     *
     * The preferred version of a module provides a hint when resolving the version,
     * but will not be honored in the presence of conflicting constraints.
     *
     * @return the preferred version, or empty string if no preferred version specified. Never null.
     */
    String getPreferredVersion();

    /**
     * The strictly required version of a module (which may be an exact version or a version range).
     *
     * The required version of a module is strictly enforced and cannot be upgraded or downgraded during dependency resolution.
     *
     * @return the strict version, or empty string if no required version specified. Never null.
     */
    String getStrictVersion();

    /**
     * Returns the list of versions that this module rejects  (which may be exact versions, or ranges, anything that fits into a version string).
     *
     * @return the list of rejected versions
     */
    List getRejectedVersions();

}